Scared to death? The effects of intimidation and consumption in predator-prey interactions

Ecology

Volumn 86, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 501-509

  Preisser, Evan L ^a,b   Bolnick, Daniel I ^a,c   Benard, Michael F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Behavioral effects; Density mediated interactions; Higher order interactions; Predation risk; Predator prey ecology; Trait mediated interactions; Trophic cascades

Indexed keywords

BIOENERGETICS; DEFENSE BEHAVIOR; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SUBLETHAL EFFECT; TROPHIC CASCADE;

EID: 14844363259     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/04-0719     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Abrams, P. A. 1984. Foraging time optimization and interactions in food webs. American Naturalist 124:80-96.
2. Abrams, P. A. 1991. Strengths of indirect effects generated by optimal foraging. Oikos 62:167-176.
3. Abrams, P. A. 1992. Predators that benefit prey and prey that harm predators: unusual effects of interacting foraging adaptations. American Naturalist 140:573-600.
4. Abrams, P. A. 1993. Why predation rate should not be proportional to predator density. Ecology 74:726-733.
5. Abrams, P. A. 1995. Implications of dynamically variable traits for identifying, classifying and measuring direct and indirect effects in ecological communities. American Naturalist 146:112-134.
6. Barry, M. 1994. The costs of crest induction for Daphnia carinata. Oecologia 97:278-288.
7. Beckerman, A., M. Uriarte, and O. Schmitz. 1997. Experimental evidence for a behavior-mediated trophic cascade in a terrestrial food chain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94:10 735-10 738.
8. Bernot, R., and A. Turner. 2001. Predator identity and trait-mediated indirect effects in a littoral food web. Oecologia 129:139-146.
9. Carpenter, S., and J. Kitchell, editors. 1993. The trophic cascade in lakes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
10. Downes, S. 2001. Trading heat and food for safety: costs of predator avoidance in a lizard. Ecology 82:2870-2881.
11. Eklov, P., and T. Van Kooten. 2001. Facilitation among piscivorous predators: effects of prey habitat use. Ecology 82:2486-2494.
12. Forrester, G. 1994. Influences of predatory fish on the drift, dispersal, and local density of stream insects. Ecology 75: 1208-1218.
13. Grabowski, J. H. 2004. Habitat complexity disrupts predator-prey interactions but not the trophic cascade on oyster reefs. Ecology 85:995-1004.
14. Halaj, J., and D. Wise. 2001. Terrestrial trophic cascades: how much do they trickle? American Naturalist 157:262-281.
15. Hedges, C., and I. Olkin. 1985. Statistical techniques for meta-analysis. Academic Press, New York, New York, USA.
16. Huang, C., and A. Sih. 1991. Experimental studies on direct and indirect interactions in a three trophic-level stream system. Oecologia 85:530-536.
17. Hurd, L., and R. Eisenberg. 1984. Experimental density manipulations of the predator Tenodera sinensis (Orthoptera: Mantidae) in an old-field community. I. Mortality, development and dispersal of juvenile mantids. Journal of Animal Ecology 53:269-281.
18. Jennions, M. D., and A. P. Moller. 2002. Publication bias in ecology and evolution: an empirical assessment using the 'trim and fill' method. Biological Reviews 77:211-222.
19. Lima, S. 1998. Stress and decision making under the risk of predation: recent developments from behavioral, reproductive, and ecological perspectives. Advances in the Study of Behavior 27:215-290.
20. Lima, S., and L. Dill. 1990. Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:619-640.
21. Losey, J., and R. Denno. 1998. Positive predator-predator interactions: enhanced predation rates and synergistic suppression of aphid populations. Ecology 79:2143-2152.
22. Luttbeg, B., L. Rowe, and M. Mangel. 2003. Prey state and experimental design affect relative size of trait- and density-mediated indirect effects. Ecology 84:1140-1150.
23. Morrison, L. 1999. Indirect effects of phorid fly parasitoids on the mechanisms of interspecific competition among ants. Oecologia 121:113-122.
24. Murdoch, W., C. Briggs, and R. Nisbet. 2003. Consumer-resource dynamics. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
25. Murtaugh, P. A. 2002. Journal quality, effect size, and publication bias in meta-analysis. Ecology 83:1162-1166.
26. Paine, R. T. 1995. Preface. Pages ix-x in G. A. Polis and K. O. Winemiller, editors. Food webs: integration of patterns and dynamics. Kluwer Academic, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
27. Palmer, A. 1999. Detecting publication bias in meta-analyses: a case study of fluctuating asymmetry and sexual selection. American Naturalist 154:220-233.
28. Peacor, S., and E. Werner. 2001. The contribution of trait-mediated indirect effects to the net effects of a predator. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98:3904-3908.
29. Polis, G. A., and D. R. Strong. 1996. Food web complexity and community dynamics. American Naturalist 147:813-846.
30. Rahel, F., and R. Stein. 1988. Complex predator-prey interactions and predator intimidation among crayfish, piscivorous fish, and small benthic fish. Oecologia 75:94-98.
31. Rosenberg, M., D. Adams, and J. Gurevitch. 2000. MetaWin: statistical software for meta-analysis. Second edition. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
32. Rudgers, J., J. Hodgen, and J. White. 2003. Behavioral mechanisms underlie an ant-plant mutualism. Oecologia 135: 51-59.
33. Schmitz, O. 1998. Direct and indirect effects of predation and predation risk in old-field interaction webs. American Naturalist 151:327-342.
34. Schmitz, O. J., A. P. Beckerman, and K. M. O'Brien. 1997. Behaviorally mediated trophic cascades: effects of predation risk on food web interactions. Ecology 78:1388-1399.
35. Schmitz, O., P. Hamback, and A. Beckerman. 2000. Trophic cascades in terrestrial systems: a review of the effects of carnivore removals on plants. American Naturalist 155: 141-153.
36. Schmitz, O., K. Krivan, and O. Ovadia. 2004. Trophic cascades: the primacy of trait-mediated indirect interactions. Ecology Letters 7:153-163.
37. Shurin, J. B., E. T. Borer, E. W. Seabloom, K. Anderson, C. A. Blanchette, B. Broitman, S. D. Cooper, and B. S. Halpern. 2002. A cross-ecosystem comparison of the strength of trophic cascades. Ecology Letters 5:785-791.
38. Strong, D. R. 1992. Are trophic cascades all wet? Differentiation and donor-control in speciose ecosystems. Ecology 73:747-754.
39. Turner, A., and G. Mittelbach. 1990. Predator avoidance and community structure: interactions among piscivores, planktivores, and plankton. Ecology 71:2241-2254.
40. Werner, E., and S. Peacor. 2003. A review of trait-mediated indirect interactions in ecological communities. Ecology 84:1083-1100.
41. Yodzis, P. 2000. Diffuse effects in food webs. Ecology 81: 261-266.