Women in the board room: One can make a difference

International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 91-113

  Zaichkowsky, Judith Lynne ^a  

^a SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Board of directors; Canada; Compensation; Corporate governance; Gender quotas; Industry; Social responsibility; Women on boards

Indexed keywords

EID: 84902460996     PISSN: 14779048     EISSN: 1741802X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/IJBGE.2014.062774     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Adams, R.B. and Ferreira, D. (2009) 'Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance', Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 94, No. 2, pp.291-309.
2. Adams, R.B. and Funk, P. (2012) 'Beyond the glass ceiling: does gender matter?', Journal of Management Science, Vol. 58, No. 2, pp.219-235.
3. Arfken, D.E., Bellar, S.E. and Helms, M.M. (2004) 'The ultimate glass ceiling revisited: the presence of women on corporate boards', Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 50, pp.177-186.
4. Asch, S.E. (1955) 'Opinions and social pressure', Scientific American, November, Vol. 193, pp.31-35.
5. Bart, C. and McQueen, G. (2013) 'Why women make better directors', International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp.93-99.
6. Bear, S., Rahman, N. and Post, C. (2010) 'The impact of board diversity and gender composition on corporate social responsibility and firm reputation', Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 97, No. 2, pp.207-221.
7. Bond, R. (2005) 'Group size and conformity', Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp.331-354.
8. Canadian Coalition (2011) 'Brief to Senate Committee on banking, trade and commerce', Canadian Coalition for Good Governance: The Voice of the Shareholder, Submitted 31 January 2011.
9. Committee for Economic Development (CED) (2012) Fulfilling the Promise: How More Women on Corporate Boards Would Make America and American Companies More Competitive, Washington, DC.
10. Corporate Knights (2006) 'Corporate Knights best 50 corporate citizens rankings', Vol. 5.1, pp.24-25.
11. Corporate Knights (2013) 'The Global 100', Vol. 11, No. 4, pp.33-38.
12. Daily, C.M., Certo, S.T. and Dalton, D.R. (1999) 'A decade of corporate women: some progress in the boardroom, none in the executive suite', Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp.93-99.
13. Davis, L. (2011) Women on Boards, report to the UK Secretary for State for Business, Innovation Skills and the Minister for Women and Equalities, February.
14. European Commission Directorate General for Justice (2012) Women in Economic Decision Making Progress Report: A Europe 2010 Initiative, Luxembourg Publications Office of the European Union.
15. Fernandez-Feijoo, B., Romero, S. and Ruiz, S. (2012) 'Does board gender composition affect corporate social responsibility reporting?', International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp.31-38.
16. Globe and Mail (2005) '1000 rankings by profit', Report on Business, pp.44-74.
17. Globe and Mail (2012) 'Executive compensation: rankings for Canada's top earners', 8 June [online] http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/ careers/management/executive-compensation/executive-compensation-rankings-for- canadas-topearners/article4243534/(accessed 27 May 2013).
18. Globe and Mail (2013) 'Top 1000: our annual report of Canada's most profitable companies', Report on Business, July-August, pp.54-68.
19. Greenwood, J. (2013) 'The rare commodity on Canadian boards -women', The Financial Post, 12 October [online] http:business.finacialpost.com/2013/10/12 (accessed 12 October).
20. Gregory-Smith, I., Main, B.G.M. and O'Reilly, C.A. (2014) 'Appointments, pay and performance in UK boardrooms by gender', The Economic Journal, Special Issue, Vol. 124, No. 574, pp.F109-F128, doi: 10.1111/ecoj.12102.
21. Hamilton, T. (2013) 'Super company', Corporate Knights, pp.28-45.
22. Hillman, A.J. and Cannella, A.A. Jr. (2007) 'Organizational predictors of women on corporate boards', Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp.941-952.
23. Huse, M., Nielsen, S.T. and Hagen, I.M. (2009) 'Women and employee-elected board members and their contributions to board controlled tasks', Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 89, No. 4, pp.581-597.
24. Joecks, J., Pull, K. and Vetter, K. (2013) 'Gender diversity in the boardroom and firm performance: what exactly constitutes a 'critical mass'', Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 118, No. 1, pp.61-72.
25. Kang, H., Cheng, M. and Gray, S.J. (2007) 'Corporate governance and board composition: diversity and independence of Australian boards', Corporate Governance, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp.194-207.
26. Kanter, R.M. (1977a) Men and Women of the Corporation, Basic Books, New York.
27. Kanter, R.M. (1977b) 'Some effects of proportions on group life: Skewed sex ratios and responses to token women', The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 82, No. 5, pp.965-990.
28. Konrad, A.M., Kramer, V. and Erkut, S. (2008) 'Critical mass: the impact of three or more women on corporate boards', Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp.145-164.
29. Lamkin Broome, L., Conley, J.M. and Krawiec, K.D. (2011) 'Does critical mass matter? Views from the boardroom', Seattle University Law Review, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp.1049-1080.
30. Lawrence, B.S. (1997) 'The black box of organizational demography', Organizational Science, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp.1-22.
31. Luckerath-Rovers, M. (2013) 'Women on boards and firm performance', Journal of Management and Governance, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp.491-509
32. McFarland, J. (2013a) 'Members named to panel to boost women in boardrooms', The Globe and Mail, 6 April, p.B4.
33. McFarland, J. (2013b) 'Teachers pushes OSC to require three women on every board', The Globe and Mail, 8 October, p.B4.
34. Nelson, J. (2013) 'Parity portfolio places bets on women', Globe and Mail, 21 March, p.B3.
35. Norris, J.C. (2012) 'Women on boards: review and outlook', The Conference Board, May [online] https://www.conference-board.org/retrievefile.cfm?filename= TCB-DN-V4N9-12.pdf&type=subsite (accessed 20 October 2012).
36. O'Callaghan, P. et al. (2006), Gender Diversity on Corporate Boards, report in partnership with Korn/Ferry Associates.
37. O'Reilly, C.A. III and Main, B.G.M. (2012) Women in the Boardroom: Symbols or Substance?, Research paper, No. 2098, Stanford Graduate School of Business.
38. Reier, S. (2008) 'Women take their place on corporate boards', International Herald Tribune, 21 March [online] http://www.iht.com/bin id=11318955 (accessed 3 April 2008).
39. Rhinehart, M., Vitale, M.B. and White, M. (2013) 'Board diversity: the power of three', NACD Directorship [online] http://www.directorship.com/board- diversity-the-power-of-three/(accessed 28 March 2013).
40. Rose, C. (2007) 'Does female board representation influence firm performance?: The Danish evidence', Corporate Governance, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp.404-413.
41. Seierstad, C. and Opsahl, T. (2011) 'For the few not the many?: The effects of affirmative action on presence, prominence, and social capital of women directors in Norway', Scandinavian Journal of Management, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.44-54.
42. Strategic Direction (2013) 'Board diversity -math or merit? Should gender equity depend on quotas?', Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.6-9.
43. Terjesen, S. and Singh, V. (2008) 'Female presence on corporate boards: a multi-country study of environmental context', Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 83, No. 1, pp.55-63.
44. The Economist (2013) 'More women on boards', Print edition 23 November [online] http://www.economist.com/news/business/21590372-more-women-boards/print (accessed 24 November 2013).
45. The Globe and Mail (2005) 'Corporate social responsibility ranking report on business', pp.40-41.
46. The Globe and Mail (2012) Corporate Governance Board Games 2012: Methodology [online] http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/careers/ management/board-games-2012/board-games-2012-methodology/article5647746/?page= all (downloaded) (accessed 22 March 2013).
47. Torchia, M., Calabro, A. and Huse, M. (2011) 'Women directors on corporate boards: from tokenism to critical mass', Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 102, No. 2, pp.299-317.
48. Werdiger, J. (2009) 'Fund plans to invest in companies with women as directors', The New York Times, 27 October [online] http://www.nytimes.com/2009/ 1027/business/global /27fund.html (accessed 30 March 2013).