Investigations of metal leaching from mobile phone parts using TCLP and WET methods

Journal of Environmental Management

Volumn 144, Issue , 2014, Pages 101-107

  Yadav, Satayamanyu ^a   Yadav, Sudesh ^a  

^a JAWAHARLAL NEHRU UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Metals; Mobile phone; PWBs; Se; TCLP; WET

Indexed keywords

ACETIC ACID; ALUMINUM; ARSENIC; BARIUM ION; CHROMIUM; CITRIC ACID; COPPER; FERROUS ION; GOLD; LEAD; MANGANESE; MERCURY; METAL; NICKEL; SELENIUM; SILVER; ZINC; HAZARDOUS WASTE; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; WATER POLLUTANT;

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; HAZARDOUS WASTE; LANDFILL; LEACHATE; LEACHING; MOBILE COMMUNICATION; PLASTIC; TOXICOLOGY; WASTE DISPOSAL;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ARTICLE; BLINDNESS; BREATHING RATE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; ELECTRONIC WASTE; HAZARDOUS WASTE; HEART RATE; HEAVY METAL POISONING; HUMAN; LANDFILL LEACHATE; LEACHING; METAL LEACHING; MOBILE PHONE; OXIDATION REDUCTION POTENTIAL; TOXICITY CHARACTERISTICS LEACHING PROCEDURE; WASTE EXTRACTION TEST; ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; RISK ASSESSMENT; WATER POLLUTANT;

CELL PHONES; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HAZARDOUS WASTE; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; METALS; RISK ASSESSMENT; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

EID: 84902313844     PISSN: 03014797     EISSN: 10958630     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.022     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. California Department of Toxic Substances Control (CDTSC) E-Waste Report: Determination of Regulated Elements in Seven Types of Discarded Consumer Electronic Products 2004, Sacramento, CA; See:. http://www.dtsc.ca.gove/Hazardouswaste/Ewaste/upload/ConsumerElectronicProducts.pdf.
2. DTSC Determination of Regulated Elements in Discarded Laptops, LCD Monitors, Plasma TVs, and LCD TVs 2006, California Department of Toxic Substance Control (Hazardous Material Laboratory), SB20 Report. http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/loader.cfm?url/=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm%26;pageid=55593.
3. DTSC Determination of Regulated Elements in Seven Types of Discarded Consumer Electronic Products. 2006 2004, Hazardous Material Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substance Control. http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/HazardousWaste/Ewaste/upload/Consumer_Electronic_Products.pdf.
4. European commission directives Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the council on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. Off. J. Eur. Union 2003, L 37:19-23.
5. Ha N.N., Agusa T., Ramu K., Tu N.P., Murata S., Bulbule K.A., Parthasaraty P., Takahashi S., Subramanian A., Tanabe S. Contamination by trace elements at e-waste recycling sites in Bangalore, India. Chemosphere 2009, 76:9-15.
6. IPMI Environmentally Sound Management: Used Mobile Telephones 2003, International Precious Metals Institute, IPMI.
7. Kasper A.C., Berselli G.B.T., Freitas B.D., Tenorio J.S.A., Bernardes A.M., Veit H.M. Printed wiring boards for mobile phones: characterization and recycling of copper. Waste Manage. 2011, 31:2536-2545.
8. Keith A., Keesling K., Fitzwater K.K., Pichtel J., Houy D. Assessment of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ag leaching from electronics waste using four extraction methods. J.Environ. Sci. Health A: Tox. Hazard. Subs. Environ. Eng. 2008, 43:1717-1724.
9. Li J., Shrivastava P., Gao Z., Zhang H.C. Printed circuit board recycling: a state-of-the-art survey. IEEE Trans. Electron. Pack. Manuf. 2004, 27:33-42.
10. Lincoln J.D., Ogunseitan O.A., Shapiro A.A., Saphores J.D.M. Leaching assessments of hazardous materials in cellular telephones. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:2572-2578.
11. Luo C., Liu C., Wang Y., Liu X., Li F., Zhang G., Li X. Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables near an e-waste processing site, south China. J.Hazard. Mater. 2011, 186:481-490.
12. Maragkos K.G., Hahladakis J.N., Gidarakos E. Qualitative and quantitative determination of heavy metals in waste cellular phones. Waste Manage. 2013, 33:1882-1889.
13. MoEF, India Draft for E-waste (Management and Handling Rules), 2010 2012, http://moef.nic.in/downloads/publicinformation/Modified%20Draft%20E-waste.
14. Most E. Calling All Cell Phones: Collection, Reuse and Recycling Programs in the US 2003, Inform Inc.
15. Musson S.E., Vann K.N., Jang Y.C., Mutha S., Jordan A., Pearson B., Townsend T.G. RCRA toxicity characterization of discarded electronic devices. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40:2721-2726.
16. Nnorom I.C., Osibanjo O. Heavy metal characterization of waste portable rechargeable batteries used in mobile phones. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 6:641-650.
17. Nnorom I.C., Osibanjo O. Toxicity characterization of waste mobile phone plastics. J.Hazard. Mater. 2009, 161:183-188.
18. Nnorom I.C., Osibanjo O. Determination of metals in printed wire boards of waste mobile phones. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 2011, 92:1557-1571.
19. Nnorom I.C., Osibanjo O., Ogwuegbua M.O.C. Global disposal strategies for waste cathode ray tubes. Res. Conser. Recycl. 2011, 55:275-290.
20. Oguchi M., Sakanakura H., Terazono A., Takigami H. Fate of metals contained in waste electrical and electronic equipment in a municipal waste treatment process. Waste Manage. 2012, 32:96-103.
21. Ogunseitan O.A. Public health and environmental benefits of adopting lead free solders. J.Miner. Met. Mat. Soc. 2007, 59:12-17.
22. Osibanjo O., Nnorom I.C. Material flows of mobile phones and accessories in Nigeria: environmental implications and sound end-of-life management options. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 2008, 28:198-213.
23. Robinson B.H. E-waste: an assessment of global production and environmental impacts. Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 408:183-191.
24. Stutz M., Burkhard C., Ertel J. Cost element of recycling and the design of mobile phones in the context of WEE. Proceedings of Care Innovation, Vienna 2002, http://aix.meng.auth.gr/helcare/CARE02/Ordnerstruktur/Paper%20Presentation/10.5pdf.
25. Sunde R.A., Raines A.M. Selenium regulation of the selenoprotein and nonselenoprotein transcriptomes in rodents. Adv. Nutr. 2011, 2:138-150.
26. Townsend T.G., Jang Y.-C., Ko H.C., Pearson B., Spalvins E., Wadanambi L. Assessment of true impacts of e-waste disposal in Florida (Annual report) 2003, State University System of Florida, Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Report #04-0232008.
27. TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India), 2013. http://www.trai.gov.in.
28. US Environmental Protection Agency Method 1311, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure 1992, See:. http://www.epa.gov/sw-846/pdfs/1311.pdf.
29. Vann K., Musson S., Townsend T. Factors affecting TCLP lead leachability from computer CPUs. Waste Manage. 2006, 26:293-298.
30. Vassura I., Morselli L., Bernardi E. Chemical characterization of spent rechargeable batteries. Waste Manage. 2009, 29:2332-2335.
31. Vuorinen V., Laurila T., Yu H., Kivilahtia J.K. Phase formation between lead-free Sn-Ag-Cu solder and Ni(P)/Au finishes. J.Appl. Phy. 2006, 99:3530-3536.
32. Wong M.H., Wu S.C., Deng W.J., Yu X.Z., Luo Q., Leung A.O.W., Wong C.S.C., Luksemburg W.J., Wong A.S. Export of toxic chemicals - a review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling. Environ. Pollut. 2007, 149:131-140.
33. Yadav S., Yadav S., Kumar P. Metal toxicity assessment of mobile phone parts using Milli Q water. Waste Manage. 2014, mailto:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.02.024.