Oscillations and Behavior: The Role of Phase-Amplitude Coupling in Cognition

Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention: Signals of the Mind

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 268-281

  Sadeh, Boaz ^a   Szczepanski, Sara M ^a   Knight, Robert T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Attention; Cognition; Cross frequency coupling; Memory; Neurological disorders; Oscillations; Phase coding; Vision

Indexed keywords

EID: 84902042071     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-398451-7.00021-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (129)

1. Ahissar E., Arieli A. Figuring space by time. Neuron 2001, 32(2):185-201.
2. Allen E.A., Liu J., Kiehl K.A., Gelernter J., Pearlson G.D., Perrone-Bizzozero N.I., et al. Components of cross-frequency modulation in health and disease. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 2011, 5:59.
3. Alvarado-Rojas C., Valderrama M., Witon A., Navarro V., Le Van Quyen M. Probing cortical excitability using cross-frequency coupling in intracranial EEG recordings: a new method for seizure prediction. Conference Proceedings: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 2011, 2011:1632-1635.
4. Arieli A., Sterkin A., Grinvald A., Aertsen A. Dynamics of ongoing activity: explanation of the large variability in evoked cortical responses. Science 1996, 273(5283):1868-1871.
5. Axmacher N., Henseler M.M., Jensen O., Weinreich I., Elger C.E., Fell J. Cross-frequency coupling supports multi-item working memory in the human hippocampus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010, 107(7):3228-3233.
6. Axmacher N., Mormann F., Fernandez G., Cohen M.X., Elger C.E., Fell J. Sustained neural activity patterns during working memory in the human medial temporal lobe. Journal of Neuroscience 2007, 27(29):7807-7816.
7. Axmacher N., Mormann F., Fernandez G., Elger C.E., Fell J. Memory formation by neuronal synchronization. Brain Research Reviews 2006, 52(1):170-182.
8. Ball T., Demandt E., Mutschler I., Neitzel E., Mehring C., Vogt K., et al. Movement related activity in the high gamma range of the human EEG. Neuroimage 2008, 41(2):302-310.
9. Barcelo F., Suwazono S., Knight R.T. Prefrontal modulation of visual processing in humans. Nature Neuroscience 2000, 3(4):399-403.
10. Bauer M., Oostenveld R., Peeters M., Fries P. Tactile spatial attention enhances gamma-band activity in somatosensory cortex and reduces low-frequency activity in parieto-occipital areas. Journal of Neuroscience 2006, 26(2):490-501.
11. Bishop G.H. Cyclic changes in excitability of the optic pathway of the rabbit. American Journal of Physiology 1933, 103(1):213-224.
12. Bragin A., Engel J., Wilson C.L., Fried I., Mathern G.W. Hippocampal and entorhinal cortex high-frequency oscillations (100-500 Hz) in human epileptic brain and in kainic acid-treated rats with chronic seizures. Epilepsia 1999, 40(2):127-137.
13. Bragin A., Jando G., Nadasdy Z., Hetke J., Wise K., Buzsaki G. Gamma (40-100 Hz) oscillation in the hippocampus of the behaving rat. Journal of Neuroscience 1995, 15(1 Pt 1):47-60.
14. Burchell T.R., Faulkner H.J., Whittington M.A. Gamma frequency oscillations gate temporally coded afferent inputs in the rat hippocampal slice. Neuroscience Letters 1998, 255(3):151-154.
15. Burgess A.P., Ali L. Functional connectivity of gamma EEG activity is modulated at low frequency during conscious recollection. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2002, 46(2):91-100.
16. Busch N.A., Dubois J., VanRullen R. The phase of ongoing EEG oscillations predicts visual perception. Journal of Neuroscience 2009, 29(24):7869-7876.
17. Buzsaki G., Buhl D.L., Harris K.D., Csicsvari J., Czeh B., Morozov A. Hippocampal network patterns of activity in the mouse. Neuroscience 2003, 116(1):201-211.
18. Buzsaki G., Draguhn A. Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks. Science 2004, 304(5679):1926-1929.
19. Canolty R.T., Edwards E., Dalal S.S., Soltani M., Nagarajan S.S., Kirsch H.E., et al. High gamma power is phase-locked to theta oscillations in human neocortex. Science 2006, 313(5793):1626-1628.
20. Canolty R.T., Knight R.T. The functional role of cross-frequency coupling. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2010, 14(11):506-515.
21. Canolty R.T., Soltani M., Dalal S.S., Edwards E., Dronkers N.F., Nagarajan S.S., et al. Spatiotemporal dynamics of word processing in the human brain. Frontiers in Neuroscience 2007, 1(1):185-196.
22. Capotosto P., Babiloni C., Romani G.L., Corbetta M. Frontoparietal cortex controls spatial attention through modulation of anticipatory alpha rhythms. Journal of Neuroscience 2009, 29(18):5863-5872.
23. Cardin J.A., Carlen M., Meletis K., Knoblich U., Zhang F., Deisseroth K., et al. Driving fast-spiking cells induces gamma rhythm and controls sensory responses. Nature 2009, 459(7247):663-667.
24. Cohen M.X., Elger C.E., Fell J. Oscillatory activity and phase-amplitude coupling in the human medial frontal cortex during decision making. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2009, 21(2):390-402.
25. Corbetta M., Shulman G.L. Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2002, 3(3):201-215.
26. Csicsvari J., Jamieson B., Wise K.D., Buzsaki G. Mechanisms of gamma oscillations in the hippocampus of the behaving rat. Neuron 2003, 37(2):311-322.
27. Davidson R.J., Jackson D.C., Larson C.L. Human electroencephalography. Handbook of psychophysiology 2000, 27-52. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 2nd ed. J.T. Cacioppo, L.G. Tassinary, G. Berntson (Eds.).
28. Demiralp T., Bayraktaroglu Z., Lenz D., Junge S., Busch N.A., Maess B., et al. Gamma amplitudes are coupled to theta phase in human EEG during visual perception. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2007, 64(1):24-30.
29. Doesburg S.M., Roggeveen A.B., Kitajo K., Ward L.M. Large-scale gamma-band phase synchronization and selective attention. Cerebral Cortex 2008, 18(2):386-396.
30. Dugue L., Marque P., VanRullen R. The phase of ongoing oscillations mediates the causal relation between brain excitation and visual perception. Journal of Neuroscience 2011, 31(33):11889-11893.
31. Engel A.K., Fries P., Singer W. Dynamic predictions: oscillations and synchrony in top-down processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2001, 2(10):704-716.
32. Ergenoglu T., Demiralp T., Bayraktaroglu Z., Ergen M., Beydagi H., Uresin Y. Alpha rhythm of the EEG modulates visual detection performance in humans. Brain Research Cognitive Brain Research 2004, 20(3):376-383.
33. Fan J., Byrne J., Worden M.S., Guise K.G., McCandliss B.D., Fossella J., et al. The relation of brain oscillations to attentional networks. Journal of Neuroscience 2007, 27(23):6197-6206.
34. Fell J., Axmacher N. The role of phase synchronization in memory processes. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2011, 12(2):105-118.
35. Fries P. A mechanism for cognitive dynamics: neuronal communication through neuronal coherence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2005, 9(10):474-480.
36. Fries P., Reynolds J.H., Rorie A.E., Desimone R. Modulation of oscillatory neuronal synchronization by selective visual attention. Science 2001, 291(5508):1560-1563.
37. Gallinat J., Winterer G., Herrmann C.S., Senkowski D. Reduced oscillatory gamma-band responses in unmedicated schizophrenic patients indicate impaired frontal network processing. Clinical Neurophysiology 2004, 115(8):1863-1874.
38. Garcia Dominguez L., Wennberg R.A., Gaetz W., Cheyne D., Snead O.C., Perez Velazquez J.L. Enhanced synchrony in epileptiform activity? Local versus distant phase synchronization in generalized seizures. Journal of Neuroscience 2005, 25(35):8077-8084.
39. Gevins A., Smith M.E., McEvoy L., Yu D. High-resolution EEG mapping of cortical activation related to working memory: effects of task difficulty, type of processing, and practice. Cerebral Cortex 1997, 7(4):374-385.
40. Ghitza O. Linking speech perception and neurophysiology: speech decoding guided by cascaded oscillators locked to the input rhythm. Frontiers in Psychology 2011, 2:130.
41. Giraud A.L., Kleinschmidt A., Poeppel D., Lund T.E., Frackowiak R.S., Laufs H. Endogenous cortical rhythms determine cerebral specialization for speech perception and production. Neuron 2007, 56(6):1127-1134.
42. Giraud A.L., Poeppel D. Cortical oscillations and speech processing: emerging computational principles and operations. Nature Neuroscience 2012, 15(4):511-517.
43. Gray C.M., Singer W. Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1989, 86(5):1698-1702.
44. Green M.F., Mintz J., Salveson D., Nuechterlein K.H., Breitmeyer B., Light G.A., et al. Visual masking as a probe for abnormal gamma range activity in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 2003, 53(12):1113-1119.
45. Gregoriou G.G., Gotts S.J., Zhou H., Desimone R. High-frequency, long-range coupling between prefrontal and visual cortex during attention. Science 2009, 324(5931):1207-1210.
46. Gruber T., Muller M.M., Keil A., Elbert T. Selective visual-spatial attention alters induced gamma band responses in the human EEG. Clinical Neurophysiology 1999, 110(12):2074-2085.
47. Haig A.R., Gordon E., De Pascalis V., Meares R.A., Bahramali H., Harris A. Gamma activity in schizophrenia: evidence of impaired network binding?. Clinical Neurophysiology 2000, 111(8):1461-1468.
48. Hanslmayr S., Aslan A., Staudigl T., Klimesch W., Herrmann C.S., Bauml K.H. Prestimulus oscillations predict visual perception performance between and within subjects. Neuroimage 2007, 37(4):1465-1473.
49. Hari R., Salmelin R., Makela J.P., Salenius S., Helle M. Magnetoencephalographic cortical rhythms. International Journal of Psychophysiology 1997, 26(1-3):51-62.
50. Hipp J.F., Engel A.K., Siegel M. Oscillatory synchronization in large-scale cortical networks predicts perception. Neuron 2011, 69(2):387-396.
51. Holcman D., Tsodyks M. The emergence of up and down states in cortical networks. PLoS Computational Biology 2006, 2(3):e23.
52. Holscher C., Anwyl R., Rowan M.J. Stimulation on the positive phase of hippocampal theta rhythm induces long-term potentiation that can be depotentiated by stimulation on the negative phase in area CA1 in vivo. Journal of Neuroscience 1997, 17(16):6470-6477.
53. Jensen O., Kaiser J., Lachaux J.P. Human gamma-frequency oscillations associated with attention and memory. Trends in Neurosciences 2007, 30(7):317-324.
54. Jirsch J.D., Urrestarazu E., LeVan P., Olivier A., Dubeau F., Gotman J. High-frequency oscillations during human focal seizures. Brain 2006, 129(Pt 6):1593-1608.
55. Kahana M.J., Seelig D., Madsen J.R. Theta returns. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2001, 11(6):739-744.
56. Kastner S., Ungerleider L.G. Mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience 2000, 23:315-341.
57. Kelly S.P., Lalor E.C., Reilly R.B., Foxe J.J. Increases in alpha oscillatory power reflect an active retinotopic mechanism for distracter suppression during sustained visuospatial attention. Journal of Neurophysiology 2006, 95(6):3844-3851.
58. Klimesch W. Memory processes, brain oscillations and EEG synchronization. International Journal of Psychophysiology 1996, 24(1-2):61-100.
59. Klimesch W. EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis. Brain Research Brain Research Reviews 1999, 29(2-3):169-195.
60. Klimesch W., Doppelmayr M., Russegger H., Pachinger T. Theta band power in the human scalp EEG and the encoding of new information. Neuroreport 1996, 7(7):1235-1240.
61. Knecht S., Deppe M., Drager B., Bobe L., Lohmann H., Ringelstein E., et al. Language lateralization in healthy right-handers. Brain 2000, 123(Pt 1):74-81.
62. Kramer M.A., Tort A.B.L., Kopell N.J. Sharp edge artifacts and spurious coupling in EEG frequency comodulation measures. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2008, 170(2):352-357.
63. Lakatos P., Karmos G., Mehta A.D., Ulbert I., Schroeder C.E. Entrainment of neuronal oscillations as a mechanism of attentional selection. Science 2008, 320(5872):110-113.
64. Lakatos P., Shah A.S., Knuth K.H., Ulbert I., Karmos G., Schroeder C.E. An oscillatory hierarchy controlling neuronal excitability and stimulus processing in the auditory cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology 2005, 94(3):1904-1911.
65. Landau A.N., Esterman M., Robertson L.C., Bentin S., Prinzmetal W. Different effects of voluntary and involuntary attention on EEG activity in the gamma band. Journal of Neuroscience 2007, 27(44):11986-11990.
66. Le Van Quyen M., Navarro V., Martinerie J., Baulac M., Varela F.J. Toward a neurodynamical understanding of ictogenesis. Epilepsia 2003, 44(Suppl. 12):30-43.
67. Lehongre K., Ramus F., Villiermet N., Schwartz D., Giraud A.L. Altered low-gamma sampling in auditory cortex accounts for the three main facets of dyslexia. Neuron 2011, 72(6):1080-1090.
68. Lenz D., Jeschke M., Schadow J., Naue N., Ohl F.W., Herrmann C.S. Human EEG very high frequency oscillations reflect the number of matches with a template in auditory short-term memory. Brain Research 2008, 1220:81-92.
69. Lewis D.A., Hashimoto T., Volk D.W. Cortical inhibitory neurons and schizophrenia. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2005, 6(4):312-324.
70. Lisman J., Buzsaki G. A neural coding scheme formed by the combined function of gamma and theta oscillations. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2008, 34(5):974-980.
71. Lisman J.E., Idiart M.A. Storage of 7 ± 2 short-term memories in oscillatory subcycles. Science 1995, 267(5203):1512-1515.
72. Llinas R.R. The intrinsic electrophysiological properties of mammalian neurons: insights into central nervous system function. Science 1988, 242(4886):1654-1664.
73. Luo H., Poeppel D. Phase patterns of neuronal responses reliably discriminate speech in human auditory cortex. Neuron 2007, 54(6):1001-1010.
74. Mathewson K.E., Gratton G., Fabiani M., Beck D.M., Ro T. To see or not to see: prestimulus alpha phase predicts visual awareness. Journal of Neuroscience 2009, 29(9):2725-2732.
75. Mazzoni A., Brunel N., Cavallari S., Logothetis N.K., Panzeri S. Cortical dynamics during naturalistic sensory stimulations: experiments and models. Journal of Physiology, Paris 2011, 105(1-3):2-15.
76. Mesulam M.M. A cortical network for directed attention and unilateral neglect. Annals of Neurology 1981, 10(4):309-325.
77. Miller G.A. The magical number seven plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review 1956, 63(2):81-97.
78. Miltner W.H., Braun C., Arnold M., Witte H., Taub E. Coherence of gamma-band EEG activity as a basis for associative learning. Nature 1999, 397(6718):434-436.
79. Moghaddam B. Bringing order to the glutamate chaos in schizophrenia. Neuron 2003, 40(5):881-884.
80. Montemurro M.A., Rasch M.J., Murayama Y., Logothetis N.K., Panzeri S. Phase-of-firing coding of natural visual stimuli in primary visual cortex. Current Biology 2008, 18(5):375-380.
81. Moore T., Armstrong K.M. Selective gating of visual signals by microstimulation of frontal cortex. Nature 2003, 421(6921):370-373.
82. Morillon B., Lehongre K., Frackowiak R.S., Ducorps A., Kleinschmidt A., Poeppel D., et al. Neurophysiological origin of human brain asymmetry for speech and language. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010, 107(43):18688-18693.
83. Mormann F., Fell J., Axmacher N., Weber B., Lehnertz K., Elger C.E., et al. Phase/amplitude reset and theta-gamma interaction in the human medial temporal lobe during a continuous word recognition memory task. Hippocampus 2005, 15(7):890-900.
84. Nirenberg S., Meister M. The light response of retinal ganglion cells is truncated by a displaced amacrine circuit. Neuron 1997, 18(4):637-650.
85. Onton J., Delorme A., Makeig S. Frontal midline EEG dynamics during working memory. Neuroimage 2005, 27(2):341-356.
86. Onton J., Makeig S. High-frequency broadband modulations of electroencephalographic spectra. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2009, 3:61.
87. Osipova D., Hermes D., Jensen O. Gamma power is phase-locked to posterior alpha activity. PLoS One 2008, 3(12):e3990.
88. Palva S., Palva J.M. New vistas for alpha-frequency band oscillations. Trends in Neurosciences 2007, 30(4):150-158.
89. Pavlides C., Greenstein Y.J., Grudman M., Winson J. Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus is induced preferentially on the positive phase of theta-rhythm. Brain Research 1988, 439(1-2):383-387.
90. Pfurtscheller G. Functional brain imaging based on ERD/ERS. Vision Research 2001, 41(10-11):1257-1260.
91. Pijnenburg Y.A., v d Made Y., van Cappellen van Walsum A.M., Knol D.L., Scheltens P., et al. EEG synchronization likelihood in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease during a working memory task. Clinical Neurophysiology 2004, 115(6):1332-1339.
92. Poeppel D. The analysis of speech in different temporal integration windows: cerebral lateralization as 'asymmetric sampling in time'. Speech Communication 2003, 41(1):245-255.
93. Rampp S., Stefan H. Fast activity as a surrogate marker of epileptic network function?. Clinical Neurophysiology 2006, 117(10):2111-2117.
94. Ray S., Maunsell J.H. Different origins of gamma rhythm and high-gamma activity in macaque visual cortex. PLoS Biology 2011, 9(4):e1000610.
95. Ray S., Niebur E., Hsiao S.S., Sinai A., Crone N.E. High-frequency gamma activity (80-150 Hz) is increased in human cortex during selective attention. Clinical Neurophysiology 2008, 119(1):116-133.
96. Romei V., Brodbeck V., Michel C., Amedi A., Pascual-Leone A., Thut G. Spontaneous fluctuations in posterior alpha-band EEG activity reflect variability in excitability of human visual areas. Cerebral Cortex 2008, 18(9):2010-2018.
97. Romei V., Gross J., Thut G. On the role of prestimulus alpha rhythms over occipito-parietal areas in visual input regulation: correlation or causation?. Journal of Neuroscience 2010, 30(25):8692-8697.
98. Rutishauser U., Ross I.B., Mamelak A.N., Schuman E.M. Human memory strength is predicted by theta-frequency phase-locking of single neurons. Nature 2010, 464(7290):903-907.
99. Saalmann Y.B., Pigarev I.N., Vidyasagar T.R. Neural mechanisms of visual attention: how top-down feedback highlights relevant locations. Science 2007, 316(5831):1612-1615.
100. Saalmann Y.B., Pinsk M.A., Wang L., Li X., Kastner S. The pulvinar regulates information transmission between cortical areas based on attention demands. Science 2012, 337(6095):753-756.
101. Sadeh B., Knight R.T. Phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling during visual processing measured with scalp EEG 2012, Program No. 746.09. 2012 Neuroscience Meeting Planner, Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC, 2012. Online.
102. Sanchez-Vives M.V., McCormick D.A. Cellular and network mechanisms of rhythmic recurrent activity in neocortex. Nature Neuroscience 2000, 3(10):1027-1034.
103. Sauseng P., Klimesch W., Heise K.F., Gruber W.R., Holz E., Karim A.A., et al. Brain oscillatory substrates of visual short-term memory capacity. Current Biology 2009, 19(21):1846-1852.
104. Sauseng P., Klimesch W., Stadler W., Schabus M., Doppelmayr M., Hanslmayr S., et al. A shift of visual spatial attention is selectively associated with human EEG alpha activity. European Journal of Neuroscience 2005, 22(11):2917-2926.
105. Schack B., Vath N., Petsche H., Geissler H.G., Moller E. Phase-coupling of theta-gamma EEG rhythms during short-term memory processing. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2002, 44(2):143-163.
106. Schroeder C.E., Lakatos P. Low-frequency neuronal oscillations as instruments of sensory selection. Trends in Neurosciences 2009, 32(1):9-18.
107. Siegel M., Donner T.H., Engel A.K. Spectral fingerprints of large-scale neuronal interactions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2012, 13(2):121-134.
108. Siegel M., Warden M.R., Miller E.K. Phase-dependent neuronal coding of objects in short-term memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009, 106(50):21341-21346.
109. Spencer K.M., Nestor P.G., Niznikiewicz M.A., Salisbury D.F., Shenton M.E., McCarley R.W. Abnormal neural synchrony in schizophrenia. Journal of Neuroscience 2003, 23(19):7407-7411.
110. Stam C.J., Jones B.F., Nolte G., Breakspear M., Scheltens P. Small-world networks and functional connectivity in Alzheimer's disease. Cerebral Cortex 2007, 17(1):92-99.
111. Stam C.J., Montez T., Jones B.F., Rombouts S.A., van der Made Y., Pijnenburg Y.A., et al. Disturbed fluctuations of resting state EEG synchronization in Alzheimer's disease. Clinical Neurophysiology 2005, 116(3):708-715.
112. Stam C.J., van der Made Y., Pijnenburg Y.A., Scheltens P. EEG synchronization in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2003, 108(2):90-96.
113. Stern E.A., Bacskai B.J., Hickey G.A., Attenello F.J., Lombardo J.A., Hyman B.T. Cortical synaptic integration in vivo is disrupted by amyloid-beta plaques. Journal of Neuroscience 2004, 24(19):4535-4540.
114. Sternberg S. High-speed scanning in human memory. Science 1966, 153(3736):652-654.
115. Szczepanski S.M., Parvizi J., Auguste K.I., Kuperman R.A., Knight R.T. Dynamic fronto-parietal interactions facilitate spatial attention: Evidence from electrocorticography 2012, Program No. 728.05. 2012 Neuroscience Meeting Planner, Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC, 2012. Online.
116. Tort A.B., Komorowski R.W., Manns J.R., Kopell N.J., Eichenbaum H. Theta-gamma coupling increases during the learning of item-context associations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009, 106(49):20942-20947.
117. Tort A.B., Kramer M.A., Thorn C., Gibson D.J., Kubota Y., Graybiel A.M., et al. Dynamic cross-frequency couplings of local field potential oscillations in rat striatum and hippocampus during performance of a T-maze task. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008, 105(51):20517-20522.
118. Uhlhaas P.J., Linden D.E., Singer W., Haenschel C., Lindner M., Maurer K., et al. Dysfunctional long-range coordination of neural activity during Gestalt perception in schizophrenia. Journal of Neuroscience 2006, 26(31):8168-8175.
119. van Dijk H., Schoffelen J.M., Oostenveld R., Jensen O. Prestimulus oscillatory activity in the alpha band predicts visual discrimination ability. Journal of Neuroscience 2008, 28(8):1816-1823.
120. van Putten M.J. Nearest neighbor phase synchronization as a measure to detect seizure activity from scalp EEG recordings. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 2003, 20(5):320-325.
121. Vellutino F.R., Fletcher J.M., Snowling M.J., Scanlon D.M. Specific reading disability (dyslexia): what have we learned in the past four decades?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2004, 45(1):2-40.
122. Volgushev M., Chistiakova M., Singer W. Modification of discharge patterns of neocortical neurons by induced oscillations of the membrane potential. Neuroscience 1998, 83(1):15-25.
123. von Stein A., Sarnthein J. Different frequencies for different scales of cortical integration: from local gamma to long range alpha/theta synchronization. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2000, 38(3):301-313.
124. Voytek B., Canolty R.T., Shestyuk A., Crone N.E., Parvizi J., Knight R.T. Shifts in gamma phase-amplitude coupling frequency from theta to alpha over posterior cortex during visual tasks. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2010, 4:191.
125. Ward L.M. Synchronous neural oscillations and cognitive processes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2003, 7(12):553-559.
126. Worden M.S., Foxe J.J., Wang N., Simpson G.V. Anticipatory biasing of visuospatial attention indexed by retinotopically specific alpha-band electroencephalography increases over occipital cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 2000, 20(6):RC63.
127. Wynn J.K., Light G.A., Breitmeyer B., Nuechterlein K.H., Green M.F. Event-related gamma activity in schizophrenia patients during a visual backward-masking task. American Journal of Psychiatry 2005, 162(12):2330-2336.
128. Yizhar O., Fenno L.E., Davidson T.J., Mogri M., Deisseroth K. Optogenetics in neural systems. Neuron 2011, 71(1):9-34.
129. Yuval-Greenberg S., Tomer O., Keren A.S., Nelken I., Deouell L.Y. Transient induced gamma-band response in EEG as a manifestation of miniature saccades. Neuron 2008, 58(3):429-441.