Design strategy for 4G handset antennas and a multiband hybrid antenna

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Volumn 62, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 1918-1927

  Ilvonen, Janne ^a   Valkonen, Risto ^a,b   Holopainen, Jari ^a   Viikari, Ville ^a  

^a AALTO UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

Antenna diversity; capacitive coupling element (CCE) antenna; inverted L antenna (ILA); LTE communication systems; mobile antennas; multiantenna; multiband; user effect

Indexed keywords

FREQUENCY BANDS; HEARING AIDS; MOBILE ANTENNAS;

ANTENNA DIVERSITY; CAPACITIVE COUPLINGS; INVERTED-L ANTENNA (ILA); LTE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; MULTI-ANTENNA; MULTIBAND; USER EFFECT;

RADAR ANTENNAS;

EID: 84901912707     PISSN: 0018926X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2300131     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. O. Kivekäs, J. Ollikainen, T. Lehtiniemi, and P. Vainikainen, "Bandwidth, SAR, efficiency of internal mobile phone antennas," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 71-86, Feb. 2004.
2. M. Pelosi, O. Franek, M. Knudsen, G. Pedersen, and J. Andersen, "Antenna proximity effects for talk and data modes in mobile phones," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 15-27, Jun. 2010.
3. J. Ilvonen, O. Kivekäs, J. Holopainen, R. Valkonen, K. Rasilainen, and P. Vainikainen, "Mobile terminal antenna performance with the user's hand: Effect of antenna dimensioning and location," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 10, pp. 772-775, 2011.
4. F.-H. Chu and K.-L. Wong, "On-board small-size printed LTE/WWAN mobile handset antenna closely integrated with system ground plane," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1336-1343, 2011.
5. K.-L. Wong, T.-W. Kang, and M.-F. Tu, "Internal mobile phone antenna array for LTE/WWAN and LTE MIMO operations," Microw. Opt. Techno. Lett., vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 1569-1573, 2011.
6. F.-H. Chu and K.-L. Wong, "Internal coupled-fed dual-loop antenna integrated with a USB connector for WWAN/LTE mobile handset," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 4215-4221, Nov. 2011.
7. Y. Li, Z. Zhang, J. Zheng, Z. Feng, and M. Iskander, "A compact heptaband loop-inverted F reconfigurable antenna for mobile phone," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 389-392, Jan. 2012.
8. Y.-J. Ren, "Ceramic based small LTE MIMO handset antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 934-938, Feb. 2013.
9. J. Villanen, J. Ollikainen, O. Kivekäs, and P. Vainikainen, "Coupling element based mobile terminal antenna structures," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 2142-2153, Jul. 2006. (Pubitemid 44193977)
10. J. Anguera, A. Andújar, and C. García, "Multiband and small coplanar antenna system for wireless handheld devices," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3782-3789, Jul 2013.
11. A. Andújar, J. Anguera, and C. Puente, "Ground plane boosters as a compact antenna technology for wireless handheld devices," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1668-1677, May 2011.
12. R. Valkonen, J. Ilvonen, C. Icheln, and P. Vainikainen, "Inherently nonresonant multi-band mobile terminal antenna," Electron. Lett., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 11-13, Jan. 2013.
13. K. Fujimoto and J. R. James, Mobile Antenna Systems Handbook, 2nd ed. Norwood, MA, USA: Artech House, 2001.
14. E-UTRA User Equipment (UE) Radio Transmission and Reception March 2012, 3GPP Technical Specification 36.101, v10.6.0.
15. C. Rowell and E. Lam, "Mobile-phone antenna design," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 14-34, Aug. 2012.
16. SEMCAD-X, an FDTD-Based Electromagnetic Simulator, Version 14.6.2 Aletsch Schmid & Partner Engineering AG. Zurich, Switzerland [Online]. Available: http://www.speag.com/, (Accessed Jun. 10, 2013)
17. J. Rahola, "Bandwidth potential and electromagnetic isolation: Tools for analysing the impedance behaviour of antenna systems," in Proc. 3rd Eur. Conf. Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2009), Berlin, Germany, Mar. 23-27, 2009, pp. 944-948.
18. P. Vainikainen, J. Ollikainen, O. Kivekäs, and I. Kelander, "Resonator- based analysis of the combination of mobile handset antenna and chassis," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1433-1444, Oct. 2002.
19. J. Holopainen, J. Ilvonen, R. Valkonen, A. A. H. Azremi, and P. Vainikainen, "Study on the minimum required size of the low-band cellular antenna in variable-sized mobile terminals," in Proc. 6th Eur. Conf. Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP 2012), Prague, Czech Republic, Mar. 26-30, 2012, pp. 2754-2758.
20. R. Valkonen, M. Kaltiokallio, and C. Icheln, "Capacitive coupling element antennas for multi-standard mobile handsets," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 2783-2791, May 2013.
21. N. Takemura, "Tunable inverted-L antenna with split-ring resonator structure for mobile phones," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1891-1897, Apr. 2013.
22. X.-L. Liang, T. Denidni, and L.-N. Zhang, "Wideband L-shaped dielectric resonator antenna with a conformal inverted-trapezoidal patch feed," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 271-274, Jan. 2009.
23. AWR Design Environment, a Circuit Simulator, Version 9.06r AWR Corporation. El Segundo, CA, USA [Online]. Available: http://www. awrcorp.com/, (Accessed Jun. 10, 2013)
24. K. R. Boyle, Y. Yuan, and L. P. Ligthart, "Analysis of mobile phone antenna impedance variations with user proximity," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 364-372, Feb. 2007. (Pubitemid 46453567)
25. R. Valkonen, S. Myllymäki, A. Huttunen, J. Holopainen, J. Ilvonen, P. Vainikainen, and H. Jantunen, "Compensation of finger effect on a mobile terminal antenna by antenna selection," in Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, (ICEAA'10), Sydney, Australia, Sep. 20-24, 2010, pp. 364-367.
26. R. Valkonen, J. Ilvonen, and P. Vainikainen, "Naturally non-selective handset antennas with good robustness against impedance mistuning," in Proc. 6th Eur. Conf. Antennas and Propagation, (EUCAP 2012), Prague, Czech Republic, Mar. 26-30, 2012, pp. 796-800.
27. J. Anguera, A. Andújar, A. Camps, C. Puente, and C. Picher, "Mitigation of the finger loading effect in handset antennas," in Proc. 4th Eur. Conf. Antennas and Propagation, (EuCAP 2010), Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 12-16, 2010, pp. 1-4.
28. J. Ilvonen, R. Valkonen, O. Kivekäs, P. Li, and P. Vainikainen, "Antenna shielding method reducing the interaction between user and mobile terminal antenna," Electron. Lett., vol. 47, no. 16, pp. 896-897, Aug. 2011.
29. J. Ilvonen, R. Valkonen, J. Holopainen, O. Kivekäs, and P. Vainikainen, "Reducing the interaction between user and mobile terminal antenna based on antenna shielding," in Proc. 6th Eur. Conf. Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP 2012), Prague, Czech Republic, Mar. 26-30, 2012, pp. 1889-1893.
30. C.-H. Li, M. Douglas, E. Ofli, B. Derat, S. Gabriel, N. Chavannes, and N. Kuster, "Influence of the hand on the specific absorption rate in the head," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 1066-1074, Feb. 2012.
31. J. Krogerus, J. Toivanen, C. Icheln, and P. Vainikainen, "Effect of the human body on total radiated power and the 3-D radiation pattern of mobile handsets," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 2375-2385, Dec. 2007. (Pubitemid 350268473)
32. M. Pelosi and G. Pedersen, "Impact of tolerances in dielectric properties of hand phantoms," Electron. Lett., vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 193-194, Feb. 2010.
33. Test Plan forWireless Device Over-the-Air Performance CTIA, Washington, DC, USA, Apr. 2009, Tech. Rep., Revision 3.0 Std..
34. R. Valkonen, A. Lehtovuori, and C. Icheln, "Dual-feed, single-CCE antenna facilitating inter-band carrier aggregation in LTE-A handsets," in Proc. 7th Eur. Conf. Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP 2013), Gothenburg, Sweden, Apr. 8-12, 2013, pp. 3784-3788.
35. IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, ANSI/IEEE C95.1-2005, IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee Std., 2006.
36. "Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)," in Proc. Int. Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), Apr. 1998, pp. 494-522.
37. American National Standard for Method of Measurements of Compatibility between Wireless Communication Devices and Hearing Aids, ANSI C63.19-2007, American National Standards Institute Std., 2007.
38. S. Zhang, K. Zhao, Z. Ying, and S. He, "Adaptive quad-element multiwideband antenna array for user-effective LTE MIMO mobile terminals," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 4275-4283, Aug. 2013.
39. K. Zhao, S. Zhang, Z. Ying, T. Bolin, and S. He, "SAR study of different MIMO antenna designs for LTE application in smart mobile handsets," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 3270-3279, Jun. 2013.
40. P. M. T. Ikonen and K. R. Boyle, "Analysis of cellular antennas for hearing-aid compatible mobile phones," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 1043-1052, Feb. 2012.
41. Z. Ying, "Antennas in cellular phones for mobile communications," Proc. IEEE, vol. 100, no. 7, pp. 2286-2296, Jul. 2012.
42. P. Vainikainen, J. Holopainen, C. Icheln, O. Kivekäs, M. Kyrö, M. Mustonen, S. Ranvier, R. Valkonen, and J. Villanen, "More than 20 antenna elements in future mobile phones, threat or opportunity?," in Proc. 3rd Eur. Conf. Antennas and Propagation, (EuCAP 2009), Berlin, Germany, Mar. 23-27, 2009, pp. 2940-2943.
43. A. Azremi, J. Ilvonen, R. Valkonen, J. Holopainen, O. Kivekäs, C. Icheln, and P. Vainikainen, "Coupling element-based dual-antenna structures for mobile terminal with hand effects," Int. J. Wireless Inf. Netw., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 146-157, 2011.
44. P.-S. Kildal and K. Rosengren, "Correlation and capacity of MIMO systems and mutual coupling, radiation efficiency, diversity gain of their antennas: Simulations and measurements in a reverberation chamber," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 104-112, Dec. 2004. (Pubitemid 40055754)
45. R. Vaughan and J. Andersen, "Antenna diversity in mobile communications," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 149-172, Nov. 1987.
46. K. Rasilainen, J. Ilvonen, J. Holopainen, R. Valkonen, and A. V. Räisänen, "Effect of ground plane bending on mobile terminal antenna performance," in Proc. 7th Eur. Conf. Antennas and Propagation, (EUCAP 2013), Gothenburg, Sweden, Apr. 8-12, 2013, pp. 590-594.
47. K. Rasilainen, J. Ilvonen, and V. Viikari, "Investigation on bendable mobile devices in the presence of the user," in Proc. 8th Eur. Conf. Antennas and Propagation, (EUCAP 2014), The Hague, The Netherlands, April 6-11, 2014, accepted for publication.