Bandwidth, SAR, and efficiency of internal mobile phone antennas

IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 71-86

  Kivekäs, Outi ^a   Ollikainen, Jani ^b   Lehtiniemi, Tuukka ^a   Vainikainen, Perti ^a  

^a AALTO UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

^b NOKIA RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Bandwidth; Efficiency; Handset antennas; Mobile communications; Specific absorption rate (SAR)

Indexed keywords

ANTENNAS; BANDWIDTH; BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS; FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD; MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; NATURAL FREQUENCIES; TELEPHONE SETS; TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS;

ANATOMICAL HEAD MODEL; INTERNAL MOBILE PHONE ANTENNAS; SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATES;

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY;

EID: 1842474410     PISSN: 00189375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2004.823613     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. T. Taga and K. Tsunekawa "Performance analysis of a built-in planar inverted F antenna for 800 MHz band portable radio units," IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. SAC-5, pp. 921-929, June 1987.
2. K. Sato, K. Matsumoto, K. Fujimoto, and K. Hirasawa, "Characteristics of a planar inverted-F antenna on a rectangular conducting body," Electron. Commun. Japan, pt. 1, vol. 72, pp. 43-51, 1989.
3. T. Taga "Analysis of planar inverted-F antennas and antenna design for portable radio equipment," in Analysis, Design, and Measurement of Small and Low-Profile Antennas, K. Hirasawa and M. Haneishi, Eds. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1992, pp. 161-180.
4. P. Vainikainen, J. Ollikainen, O. Kivekäs, and I. Kelander "Resonator-based analysis of the combination of mobile handset antenna and chassis," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 50, pp. 1433-1444, Oct. 2002.
5. ____, "Performance analysis of small antennas mounted on mobile handset," in Proc. COST 259 Final Workshop - Mobile Terminal and Human Interaction, 2000, p. 8.
6. D. Manteuffel, A. Bahr, and I. Wolff "Investigation on integrated antennas for GSM mobile phones," in Proc. Millennium Conf. Antennas Propagat., 2000, paper p0351.pdf.
7. D. Manteuffel, A. Bahr, D. Heberling, and I. Wolff "Design considerations for integrated mobile phone antennas," in Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Antennas Propagat., 2001, pp. 252-256.
8. A. T. Arkko and E. A. Lehtola "Simulated impedance bandwidths, gains, radiation patterns and SAR values of a helical and a PIFA antenna on top of different ground planes," in Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Antennas Propagat., 2001, pp. 651-654.
9. N. Kuster and Q. Balzano "Energy absorption mechanism by biological bodies in the near field of dipole antennas above 300 MHz," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 41, pp. 17-23, Feb. 1992.
10. M. A. Jensen and Y. Rahmat-Samii "EM interaction of handset antennas and a human in personal communications," Proc. IEEE, vol. 83, pp. 7-17, Jan. 1995.
11. D. Manteuffel, A. Bahr, P. Wallow, and I. Wolff "Numerical analysis of absorption mechanisms for mobile phones with integrated multiband antennas," in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propagation Symp., 2001, pp. 82-85.
12. R. J. Luebbers and H. S. Langdon "A simple feed model that reduces time steps needed for FDTD antenna and microstrip calculations," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 44, pp. 1000-1005, July 1996.
13. J. Ollikainen, O. Kivekäs, A. Toropainen, and P. Vainikainen "Internal dual-band patch antenna for mobile phones," in Proc. Millennium Conf. Antennas Propagat., 2000, paper p1111.pdf.
14. G. Waldschmidt and A. Taflove "The determination of the effective radius of a filamentary source in the FDTD mesh," IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett., vol. 10, pp. 217-219, June 2000.
15. User's Manual for XFDTD the Finite Difference Time Domain Graphical User Interface for Electromagnetic Calculations, Version 5.04, Remcom, State College, PA, 1999.
16. H. Q. Wooddard and D. R. White "The composition of body tissues," British J. Radiol., vol. 59, pp. 1209-1219, Dec. 1986.
17. D. R. White, H. Q. Woodard, and S. M. Hammond "Average soft-tissue and bone models for use in radiation dosimetry," British J. Radiol., vol. 60, pp. 907-913, Sept. 1987.
18. "European Specification (ES 59 005) Considerations for the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) From mobile telecommunication equipment (MTE) in the frequency range 30 MHz-6 GHz," CENELEC, Brussels, Belgium, 1998.
19. J. T. Rowley and R. B. Waterhouse "Performance of shorted microstrip patch antennas for mobile communications handsets at 1800 MHz," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 47, pp. 815-822, May 1999.
20. "Recipes for brain tissue simulating liquids," Schmid & Partner Engineering AG, Zurich, Switzerland, 1999.
21. Q. Yu, O. P. Gandhi, M. Aronsson, and D. Wu "An automated SAR measurement system for compliance testing of personal wireless devices," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 41, pp. 234-245, Aug. 1999.
22. H. Arai Measurement of Mobile Antenna Systems. Boston, MA: Artech House, 2001, pp. 56-57.
23. A. G. Derneryd "The circular microstrip antenna element," in Proc. Int. Conf. Antennas Propagation, 1978 pp. 307-311.
24. R. E. Collin Antennas and Radiowave Propagation. Singapore: McGraw-Hill, 1985, pp. 35-38.
25. V. Hombach, K. Meier, M. Burkhardt, E. Kühn, and N. Kuster "The dependence of EM energy absorption upon human head modeling at 900 MHz," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 44, pp. 1865-1873, Oct. 1996.
26. K. Meier, V. Hombach, R. Kästle, R. Y.-S. Tay, and N. Kuster "The dependence of electromagnetic energy absorption upon human-head modeling at 1800 MHz," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 45, pp. 2058-2062, Nov. 1997.
27. M. Geissler, D. Heberling, and I. Wolff, "Properties of integrated handset antennas," in Proc. Millennium Conf. Antennas Propagation, 2000, paper p0526.pdf.
28. IEEE Standard for Safety Levels With Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields 3 kHz to 300 GHz, ANSI/IEEE Standard C95.1, 1999.