The effectiveness of cool and green roofs as urban heat island mitigation strategies

Environmental Research Letters

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2014, Pages

  Li, Dan ^a,c   Bou Zeid, Elie ^a   Oppenheimer, Michael ^b,c  

^a Princeton University   (United States)

^b PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

cool roof; green roof; urban canopy model; urban heat island mitigation; WRF

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; RURAL AREAS; SOIL MOISTURE; SOLAR RADIATION; THERMAL POLLUTION; URBAN PLANNING; WEATHER FORECASTING;

COOL ROOFS; GREEN ROOF; URBAN CANOPY MODELS; URBAN HEAT ISLAND; WRF;

ROOFS;

ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE; GREENSPACE; HEAT ISLAND; METROPOLITAN AREA; MITIGATION; SOIL MOISTURE; URBAN AREA; URBAN-RURAL MIGRATION;

BALTIMORE; MARYLAND; UNITED STATES; WASHINGTON [UNITED STATES];

ZEIDAE;

EID: 84901765336     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17489326     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/5/055002     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Akbari H, Matthews H D and Seto D 2012 The long-term effect of increasing the albedo of urban areas Environ. Res. Lett. 7 024004
2. Akbari H, Menon S and Rosenfeld A 2009 Global cooling: increasing world-wide urban albedos to offset CO2 Clim. Change 94 275-86
3. Arnfield A J 2003 Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island Int. J. Climatol. 23 1-26 (Pubitemid 36196164)
4. Baik J J, Kim Y H and Chun H Y 2001 Dry and moist convection forced by an urban heat island J. Appl. Meteorol. 40 1462-75
5. Berndtsson J C 2010 Green roof performance towards management of runoff water quantity and quality: a review Ecol. Eng. 36 351-60
6. Bornstein R and Lin Q L 2000 Urban heat islands and summertime convective thunderstorms in Atlanta: three case studies Atmos. Environ. 34 507-16 (Pubitemid 32210636)
7. Bou-Zeid E, Meneveau C and Parlange M B 2004 Large-eddy simulation of neutral atmospheric boundary layer flow over heterogeneous surfaces: blending height and effective surface roughness Water Resour. Res. 40 W02505
8. Bou-Zeid E, Parlange M B and Meneveau C 2007 On the parameterization of surface roughness at regional scales J. Atmos. Sci. 64 216-27 (Pubitemid 46152685)
9. Bretz S E and Akbari H 1997 Long-term performance of high-albedo roof coatings Energy Build. 25 159-67 (Pubitemid 127416835)
10. Brutsaert W 1982 Evaporation Into the Atmosphere: Theory, History, and Applications (Dordrecht, Holland: Reidel)
11. Brutsaert W 1998 Land-surface water vapor and sensible heat flux: spatial variability, homogeneity, and measurement scales Water Resour. Res. 34 2433-42 (Pubitemid 28451047)
12. Chen F et al 2011 The integrated WRF/urban modelling system: development, evaluation, and applications to urban environmental problems Int. J. Climatol. 31 273-88
13. Chen F and Zhang Y 2009 On the coupling strength between the land surface and the atmosphere: from viewpoint of surface exchange coefficients Geophys. Res. Lett. 36 L10404
14. Eumorfopoulou E and Aravantinos D 1998 The contribution of a planted roof to the thermal protection of buildings in Greece Energy Build. 27 29-36 (Pubitemid 128391444)
15. Gaffin S R, Imhoff M, Rosenzweig C, Khanbilvardi R, Pasqualini A, Kong A Y Y, Grillo D, Freed A, Hillel D and Hartung E 2012 Bright is the new black-multi-year performance of high-albedo roofs in an urban climate Environ. Res. Lett. 7 014029
16. Gaffin S R, Rosenzweig C, Eichenbaum-Pikser J, Khanbilvardi R and Susca T 2010 A Temperature and Seasonal Energy Analysis of Green, White, and Black Roofs (New York: Columbia University, Center for Climate Systems Research) 19
17. Gaffin S R, Rosenzweig C, Parshall L, Beattie D, Berghage R, O'Keeffe G and Braman D 2005 Energy balance modeling applied to a comparison of green and white roof cooling efficiency Proc. of the 3rd Annual Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Cities Conf. (Washington, DC,)
18. Green Roofs for Healthy Cities (GRHC) 2012 Annual Green Roof Industry Survey for 2011 http://chesapeakestormwater.net/wp-content/uploads/downloads/ 2012/05/2012GreenRoofIndustrySurvey.pdf (accessed on 27 March 2013)
19. Grimm N B, Faeth S H, Golubiewski N E, Redman C L, Wu J G, Bai X M and Briggs J M 2008 Global change and the ecology of cities Science 319 756-60 (Pubitemid 351225834)
20. Grimmond C S B et al 2011 Initial results from phase 2 of the international urban energy balance model comparison Int. J. Climatol. 31 244-72
21. Grimmond C S B et al 2010 The international urban energy balance models comparison project: first results from phase 1 J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 49 1268-92
22. Grimmond S 2007 Urbanization and global environmental change: local effects of urban warming Geogr. J. 173 83-8 (Pubitemid 46562824)
23. Haeger-Eugensson M and Holmer B 1999 Advection caused by the urban heat island circulation as a regulating factor on the nocturnal urban heat island Int. J. Climatol. 19 975-88 (Pubitemid 29530877)
24. Hidalgo J, Masson V and Gimeno L 2010 Scaling the daytime urban heat island and urban-breeze circulation J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 49 889-901
25. Hidalgo J, Masson V and Pigeon C 2008a Urban-breeze circulation during the CAPITOUL experiment: numerical simulations Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 102 243-62
26. Hidalgo J, Pigeon G and Masson V 2008b Urban-breeze circulation during the CAPITOUL experiment: observational data analysis approach Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 102 223-41
27. Irvine P J, Ridgwell A and Lunt D J 2011 Climatic effects of surface albedo geoengineering J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 116 D24112
28. Jacobson M Z and Ten Hoeve J E 2012 Effects of urban surfaces and white roofs on global and regional climate J. Clim. 25 1028-44
29. Jaffal I, Ouldboukhitine S E and Belarbi R 2012 A comprehensive study of the impact of green roofs on building energy performance Renew. Energy 43 157-64
30. Jim C Y and Peng L L H 2012 Weather effect on thermal and energy performance of an extensive tropical green roof Urban For Urban Gree. 11 73-85
31. Klein P 2012 Metropolitan effects on atmospheric patterns: important scales Metropolitan Sustainability: Understanding and Improving the Urban Environment ed F Zeeman (Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Limited) 776
32. Krayenhoff E S and Voogt J A 2010 Impacts of urban albedo increase on local air temperature at daily-annual time scales: model results and synthesis of previous work J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 49 1634-48
33. Lemonsu A and Masson V 2002 Simulation of a summer urban breeze over Paris Bound-Layer Meteorol. 104 463-90 (Pubitemid 34961604)
34. Li D and Bou-Zeid E 2013 Synergistic interactions between urban heat islands and heat waves: the impact in cities is larger than the sum of its parts J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 52 2051-64
35. Li D and Bou-Zeid E 2014 Quality and sensitivity of high-resolution numerical simulation of urban heat islands Environ. Res. Lett. 9 055001
36. Li D, Bou-Zeid E, Baeck M L, Jessup S and Smith J A 2013a Modeling land surface processes and heavy rainfall in urban environments: sensitivity to urban surface representations J. Hydrometeorol. 14 1098-118
37. Li H, Harvey J T, Holland T J and Kayhanian M 2013b The use of reflective and permeable pavements as a potential practice for heat island mitigation and stormwater management Environ. Res. Lett. 8 015023
38. Li J F, Wai O W H, Li Y S, Zhan J M, Ho Y A, Li J and Lam E 2010 Effect of green roof on ambient CO2 concentration Build. Environ. 45 2644-51
39. Mackey C W, Lee X and Smith R B 2012 Remotely sensing the cooling effects of city scale efforts to reduce urban heat island Build. Environ. 49 348-58
40. Millstein D and Menon S 2011 Regional climate consequences of large-scale cool roof and photovoltaic array deployment Environ. Res. Lett. 6 034001
41. NYC °CoolRoofs 2012 Annual Review 2011 (http://www.nyc.gov/html/ coolroofs/downloads/pdf/annual-report-2011.pdf>http://www.nyc.gov/html/ coolroofs/downloads/pdf/annual-report-2011.pdf>(http://www.nyc.gov/html/ coolroofs/downloads/pdf/annual-report-2011.pdf accessed on 27 March 2013) - ref-separator -
42. Oke T R 1982 The energetic basis of the urban heat-island Q J R Meteorol. Soc. 108 1-24
43. Oleson K W, Bonan G B and Feddema J 2010 Effects of white roofs on urban temperature in a global climate model Geophys. Res. Lett. 37 L03701
44. Ryu Y H, Baik J J and Lee S H 2011 A new single-layer urban canopy model for use in mesoscale atmospheric models J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 50 1773-94
45. Shepherd J M 2005 A review of current investigations of urban-induced rainfall and recommmendations for the future Earth Interact. 9 1-27
46. Skamarock W C and Klemp J B 2008 A time-split nonhydrostatic atmospheric model for weather research and forecasting applications Int. J. Climatol. 227 3465-85
47. Sun T, Bou-Zeid E and Ni G-H 2014 To irrigate or not to irrigate: analysis of green roof performance via a vertically-resolved hygrothermal model Build. Environ. 73 127-37
48. Sun T, Bou-Zeid E, Wang Z-H, Zerba E and Ni G-H 2013 Hydrometeorological determinants of green roof performance via a vertically-resolved model for heat and water transport Build. Environ. 60 211-24
49. Susca T, Gaffin S R and Dell'Osso G R 2011 Positive effects of vegetation: urban heat island and green roofs Environ. Pollut. 159 2119-26
50. Synnefa A, Dandou A, Santamouris M, Tombrou M and Soulakellis N 2008 On the use of cool materials as a heat island mitigation strategy J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 47 2846-56
51. Taha H 2008a Episodic performance and sensitivity of the urbanized MM5 (uMM5) to perturbations in surface properties in houston texas Bound-Layer Meteorol. 127 193-218
52. Taha H 2008b Meso-urban meteorological and photochemical modeling of heat island mitigation Atmos. Environ. 42 8795-809
53. Taha H 2008c Urban surface modification as a potential ozone air-quality improvement strategy in california: a mesoscale modelling study Bound-Layer Meteorol. 127 219-39
54. Taha H, Konopacki S and Gabersek S 1999 Impacts of large-scale surface modifications on meteorological conditions and energy use: a 10-region modeling study Theor. Appl. Climatol. 62 175-85 (Pubitemid 29375653)
55. Takane Y, Ohashi Y, Kusaka H, Shigeta Y and Kikegawa Y 2013 Effects of synoptic-scale wind under the typical summer pressure pattern on the mesoscale high-temperature events in the osaka and kyoto urban areas by the WRF Model J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 52 1764-78
56. Takebayashi H and Moriyama M 2007 Surface heat budget on green roof and high reflection roof for mitigation of urban heat island Build. Environ. 42 2971-9 (Pubitemid 46464480)
57. Talbot C, Bou-Zeid E and Smith J 2012 Nested mesoscale large-eddy simulations with wrf: performance in real test cases J. Hydrometeorol. 13 1421-41
58. Wang Z H, Bou-Zeid E, Au S K and Smith J A 2011a Analyzing the sensitivity of WRF's single-layer urban canopy model to parameter uncertainty using advanced monte carlo simulation J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim. 50 1795-814
59. Wang Z H, Bou-Zeid E and Smith J A 2011b A spatially-analytical scheme for surface temperatures and conductive heat fluxes in urban canopy models Bound-Layer Meteorol. 138 171-93
60. Wang Z H, Bou-Zeid E and Smith J A 2013 A coupled energy transport and hydrological model for urban canopies evaluated using a wireless sensor network Q J R Meteorol. Soc. 139 1643-57
61. Wong N H, Chen Y, Ong C L and Sia A 2003 Investigation of thermal benefits of rooftop garden in the tropical environment Build. Environ. 38 261-70 (Pubitemid 35182080)
62. Yang J, Yu Q and Gong P 2008 Quantifying air pollution removal by green roofs in Chicago Atmos. Environ. 42 7266-73