Improvement of transparent silver thin film anodes for organic solar cells with a decreased percolation threshold of silver

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Volumn 127, Issue , 2014, Pages 193-200

  Wang, Zhizhe ^a   Zhang, Chunfu ^a   Gao, Rui ^a   Chen, Dazheng ^a   Tang, Shi ^a   Zhang, Jincheng ^a   Wang, Dong ^a   Lu, Xiaoli ^a   Hao, Yue ^a  

^a XIDIAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Ag thin film; Organic solar cells; Percolation threshold; Transparent electrode

Indexed keywords

ELECTRODES; FILM GROWTH; MOLYBDENUM OXIDE; PERCOLATION (COMPUTER STORAGE); PERCOLATION (FLUIDS); SOLAR CELLS; SUBSTRATES; THIN FILMS;

AG THIN FILMS; ORGANIC SOLAR CELL; PERCOLATION THRESHOLDS; TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE;

SILVER;

EID: 84901391406     PISSN: 09270248     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.04.024     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. C.J. Brabec Organic photovoltaics: technology and market Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 83 2004 273 292
2. P. Peumans, A. Yakimov, and S.R. Forrest Small molecular weight organic thin-film photodetectors and solar cells J. Appl. Phys. 93 2003 3693 3723
3. R. Søndergaard, M. Helgesen, M. Jørgensen, and F.C. Krebs Fabrication of polymer solar cells using aqueous processing for all layers including the metal back electrode Adv. Energy Mater. 1 2011 68 71
4. F.C. Krebs Fabrication and processing of polymer solar cells: a review of printing and coating techniques Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93 2009 394 412
5. H.F. Dam, and F.C. Krebs Simple roll coater with variable coating and temperature control for printed polymer solar cells Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 97 2012 191 196
6. C.W. Tang Two-layer organic photovoltaic cell Appl. Phys. Lett. 48 1986 183 185
7. S. Schubert, J. Meiss, L. Müller-Meskamp, and K. Leo Improvement of transparent metal top electrodes for organic solar cells by introducing a high surface energy seed layer Adv. Energy Mater. 3 2013 438 443
8. M.A. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, W. Warta, and E.D. Dunlop Solar cell efficiency tables (version 40) Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl. 20 2012 606 614
9. D.S. Hecht, L. Hu, and G. Irvin Emerging transparent electrodes based on thin films of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and metallic nanostructures Adv. Mater. 23 2011 1482 1513
10. J.-Y. Lee, S.T. Connor, Y. Cui, and P. Peumans Solution-processed metal nanowire mesh transparent electrodes Nano Lett. 8 2008 689 692 (Pubitemid 351346040)
11. H. Chen, A. Du Pasquier, G. Saraf, J. Zhong, and Y. Lu Dye-sensitized solar cells using ZnO nanotips and Ga-doped ZnO films Semicond. Sci. Technol. 23 2008 045004
12. H.-K. Park, J.-W. Kang, S.-I. Na, D.-Y. Kim, and H.-K. Kim Characteristics of indium-free GZO/Ag/GZO and AZO/Ag/AZO multilayer electrode grown by dual target DC sputtering at room temperature for low-cost organic photovoltaics Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93 2009 1994 2002
13. N. Sun, G. Fang, P. Qin, Q. Zheng, M. Wang, X. Fan, F. Cheng, J. Wan, and X. Zhao Bulk heterojunction solar cells with NiO hole transporting layer based on AZO anode Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94 2010 2328 2331
14. J. Van De Lagemaat, T.M. Barnes, G. Rumbles, S.E. Shaheen, T.J. Coutts, C. Weeks, I. Levitsky, J. Peltola, and P. Glatkowski Organic solar cells with carbon nanotubes replacing InO: Sn as the transparent electrode Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 2006 233503
15. W. Cao, Y. Zheng, Z. Li, E. Wrzesniewski, W.T. Hammond, and J. Xue Flexible organic solar cells using an oxide/metal/oxide trilayer as transparent electrode Org. Electron. 13 2012 2221 2228
16. S.D. Yambem, A. Haldar, K.-S. Liao, E.P. Dillon, A.R. Barron, and S.A. Curran Optimization of organic solar cells with thin film Au as anode Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 2011 2424 2430
17. S.D. Yambem, K.-S. Liao, and S.A. Curran Flexible Ag electrode for use in organic photovoltaics Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 2011 3060 3064
18. S. Lim, D. Han, H. Kim, S. Lee, and S. Yoo Cu-based multilayer transparent electrodes: a low-cost alternative to ITO electrodes in organic solar cells Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 101 2012 170 175
19. D. Ghosh, R. Betancur, T. Chen, V. Pruneri, and J. Martorell Semi-transparent metal electrode of Cu-Ni as a replacement of an ITO in organic photovoltaic cells Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 2011 1228 1231
20. 3 multilayer and application as anode in organic solar cells Thin Solid Films 518 2010 4560 4563
21. 3 transparent electrode Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 100 2012 226 230
22. S. Schubert, M. Hermenau, J. Meiss, L. Müller-Meskamp, and K. Leo Oxide sandwiched metal thin-film electrodes for long-term stable organic solar cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 2012 4993 4999
23. C. Zhang, J. Zhang, Y. Hao, Z. Lin, and C. Zhu A simple and efficient solar cell parameter extraction method from a single current-voltage curve J. Appl. Phys. 110 2011 064504
24. R. Sennett, and G. Scott The structure of evaporated metal films and their optical properties J. Opt. Soc. Am. A: Opt. Image Sci. Vis. 40 1950 203 210
25. S.-K. Kim, H.-S. Ee, W. Choi, S.-H. Kwon, J.-H. Kang, Y.-H. Kim, H. Kwon, and H.-G. Park Surface-plasmon-induced light absorption on a rough silver surface Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 2011 011109
26. M. Wang, J.-P. Sun, S. Suei, and I.G. Hill Optimizing the photovoltage of polymer/zinc oxide hybrid solar cells by calcium doping J. Appl. Phys. 112 2012 044511
27. N.P. Sergeant, A. Hadipour, B. Niesen, D. Cheyns, P. Heremans, P. Peumans, and B.P. Rand Design of transparent anodes for resonant cavity enhanced light harvesting in organic solar cells Adv. Mater. 24 2012 728 732
28. L. Vitos, A. Ruban, H.L. Skriver, and J. Kollar The surface energy of metals Surf. Sci. 411 1998 186 202 (Pubitemid 128431152)
29. S. Overbury, P. Bertrand, and G. Somorjai Surface composition of binary systems. Prediction of surface phase diagrams of solid solutions Chem. Rev. 75 1975 547 560
30. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092702480400100X doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2004.02.030.
31. http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/93/7/10.1063/1.1534621 doi:10.1063/1.1534621.
32. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201000007/full doi:10.1002/aenm.201000007.
33. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024808003486 doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2008.10.004.
34. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024811004867 doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2011.08.027.
35. http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/48/2/10.1063/1.96937 doi:10.1063/1.96937.
36. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aenm.201200903/abstract? deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false doi:10.1002/aenm.201200903.
37. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.2267/abstract doi:10.1002/pip.2267.
38. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201003188/abstract? deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false doi:10.1002/adma.201003188.
39. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl073296g doi:10.1021/nl073296g.
40. http://iopscience.iop.org/0268-1242/23/4/045004 doi:10.1088/0268-1242/23/ 4/045004.
41. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024809002840 doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2009.07.016.
42. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024810004587 doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2010.08.002.
43. http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/88/23/10.1063/1.2210081 doi:10.1063/1.2210081.
44. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1566119912002479.
45. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024811002340 doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2011.04.019.
46. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024811003722 doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2011.06.033.
47. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024812000177 doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2012.01.016.
48. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024810007324 doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2010.12.040.
49. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040609009020136 doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2009.12.031.
50. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024812000372 doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2012.01.021.
51. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.201201592/ abstract;jsessionid=2B35718F4D63F3B99E0E2017E9E7E318.f01t03? deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false doi:10.1002/adfm.2012;01592.
52. http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/110/6/10.1063/1.3632971 doi:10.1063/1.3632971.
53. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/josa/abstract.cfm?id=76911.
54. http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/98/1/10.1063/1.3537812 doi:10.1063/1.3537812.
55. http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/112/4/10.1063/1.4748059 doi:10.1063/1.4748059.
56. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201104273/abstract? deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false doi:10.1002/adma.201104273.
57. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003960289800363X.
58. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cr60297a001?journalCode=chreay doi:10.1021/cr60297a001.