Flexible Ag electrode for use in organic photovoltaics

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Volumn 95, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 3060-3064

  Yambem, Soniya D ^a   Liao, Kang Shyang ^a   Curran, Seamus A ^a  

^a University of Houston   (United States)

Author keywords

Organic photovoltaics; Thin metal films; Transparent electrode

Indexed keywords

AG ELECTRODE; BENDING STRESS; FLEXIBLE ELECTRODES; GLASS SUBSTRATES; HIGH EFFICIENCY; INDIUM TIN OXIDE; ORGANIC LAYERS; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; ORGANIC SOLAR CELL; THIN METAL FILMS; TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE OXIDES; TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE; ULTRATHIN LAYERS;

CONDUCTIVE FILMS; ELECTRIC RESISTANCE; FRACTURE MECHANICS; INDIUM; INDIUM COMPOUNDS; OXIDE FILMS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; SUBSTRATES; TIN; TIN OXIDES;

PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECTS;

EID: 80051550328     PISSN: 09270248     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2011.06.033     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. J.H. Burroughes, D.D.C. Bradley, A.R. Brown, R.N. Marks, K. Mackay, R.H. Friend, P.L. Burns, and A.B. Holmes Light-emitting-diodes based on conjugated polymers Nature 347 1990 539 541
2. S.R. Forrest The path to ubiquitous and low-cost organic electronic appliances on plastic Nature 428 2004 911 918 (Pubitemid 38568095)
3. S. Roth, S. Blumentritt, M. Burghard, E. Cammi, D. Carroll, S. Curran, G. Düsberg, K. Liu, J. Muster, G. Philipp, and T. Rabenau Molecular rectifiers and transistors based on π-conjugated materials Synth. Met. 94 1998 105 110 (Pubitemid 128399437)
4. S.A. Curran, P.M. Ajayan, W.J. Blau, D.L. Carroll, J.N. Coleman, A.B. Dalton, A.P. Davey, A. Drury, B. McCarthy, S. Maier, and A. Strevens A composite from poly(m- phenylenevinylene-co-2,5-dioctoxy-p-phenylenevinylene) and carbon nanotubes: a novel material for molecular optoelectronics Adv. Mater. 10 1998 1091 1093 (Pubitemid 128535027)
5. T. Kamata, S. Curran, S. Roth, T. Fukaya, H. Matsuda, and F. Mizukami Third-order nonlinear optical properties of evaporated thin films of platinumalkyldionedioxime complexes: effects of metalmetal distance Synth. Met. 83 1996 267 271 (Pubitemid 126366017)
6. S.H. Park, A. Roy, S. Beaupre, S. Cho, N. Coates, J.S. Moon, D. Moses, M. Leclerc, K. Lee, and A.J. Heeger Bulk heterojunction solar cells with internal quantum efficiency approaching 100% Nat. Photon. 3 2009 297 302
7. G. Li, V. Shrotriya, J.S. Huang, Y. Yao, T. Moriarty, K. Emery, and Y. Yang High-efficiency solution processable polymer photovoltaic cells by self-organization of polymer blends Nat. Mater. 4 2005 864 868
8. S. Curran, J. Talla, S. Dias, and J. Dewald Microconcentrator photovoltaic cell (the m-C cell): modeling the optimum method of capturing light in an organic fiber based photovoltaic cell J. Appl. Phys. 104 2008 064305-1 064305-6
9. M.P. de Jong, L.J. van Ijzendoorn, and M.J.A. de Voigt Stability of the interface between indiumtin-oxide and poly(34-ethylenedioxythiophene)/ poly(styrenesulfonate) in polymer light-emitting diodes Appl. Phys. Lett 77 2000 2255 2257
10. Y.H. Kim, S.H. Lee, J. Noh, and S.H. Han Performance and stability of electroluminescent device with self-assembled layers of poly(3.4- ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrenesulfonate) and polyelectrolytes Thin Solid Films 510 2006 305 310 (Pubitemid 44262060)
11. M.C.R. Tria, K.-S. Liao, N.J. Alley, R.C. Advincula, and S.A. Curran P3HT:PCBM based organic photovoltaics using surface grafted PVK brushes as the hole transport layer J. Mater. Chem. 2011 10.1039/c1jm11068c
12. B. OConnor, C. Haughn, K.H. An, K.P. Pipe, and M. Shtein Transparent and conductive electrodes based on unpatterned, thin metal films Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 2008 223304-1 223304-3
13. A. Haldar, S.D. Yambem, K.S. Liao, N.J. Alley, E.P. Dillon, A.R. Barron, and S.A. Curran Organic photovoltaics using thin gold film as an alternative anode to indium tin oxide Thin Solid Films 519 2011 6169 6173
14. S.D. Yambem, A. Haldar, K.S. Liao, E.P. Dillon, A.R. Barron, and S.A. Curran Optimization of organic solar cells with thin film Au as anode Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 2011 2424 2430
15. M.G. Kang, T. Xu, H.J. Park, X.G. Luo, and L.J. Guo Efficiency enhancement of organic solar cells using transparent plasmonic Ag nanowire electrodes Adv. Mater. 22 2010 4378 4383
16. F.C. Krebs All solution roll-to-roll processed polymer solar cells free from indiumtin-oxide and vacuum coating steps Org. Electron. 10 2009 761 768
17. F.C. Krebs, and K. Norrman Using light-induced thermocleavage in a roll-to-roll process for polymer solar cells ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2 2010 877 887
18. 3 multilayer and application as anode in organic solar cells Thin Solid Films 518 2010 4560 4563
19. B. Winther-Jensen, and F.C. Krebs High-conductivity large-area semi-transparent electrodes for polymer photovoltaics by silk screen printing and vapour-phase deposition Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 90 2006 123 132 (Pubitemid 41653204)
20. M. Strange, D. Plackett, M. Kaasgaard, and F.C. Krebs Biodegradable polymer solar cells Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 92 2008 805 813
21. F.C. Krebs Roll-to-roll fabrication of monolithic large-area polymer solar cells free from indiumtin-oxide Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93 2009 1636 1641
22. M. Manceau, D. Angmo, M. Jorgensen, and F.C. Krebs ITO-free flexible polymer solar cells: from small model devices to roll-to-roll processed large modules Org. Electron. 12 2011 566 574
23. K.S. Liao, S. Dias, N.J. Alley, S.D. Yambem, A. Haldar, and S.A. Curran Design and fabrication of linear pixel arrays for organic photovoltaic modules to achieve scalable power output Thin Solid Films 519 2011 3264 3267
24. S.J. Wakeham, M.J. Thwaites, B.W. Holton, C. Tsakonas, W.M. Cranton, D.C. Koutsogeorgis, and R. Ranson Low temperature remote plasma sputtering of indium tin oxide for flexible display applications Thin Solid Films 518 2009 1355 1358
25. G.P. Zhigalskii, and B.K. Jones The Physical Properties of Thin Metal Films 2003 Taylor & Francis London
26. K. Fuchs The conductivity of thin metallic films according to the electron theory of metals Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 34 1938 100 108
27. E.H. Sondheimer The mean free path of electrons in metals Adv. Phys. 1 1952 1 42
28. A.F. Mayadas, M. Shatzkes, and J.F. Janak Electrical resistivity model for polycrystalline films - case of specular reflection at external surfaces Appl. Phys. Lett. 14 1969 345 347
29. J.M. Camacho, and A.I. Oliva Surface and grain boundary contributions in the electrical resistivity of metallic nanofilms Thin Solid Films 515 2006 1881 1885 (Pubitemid 44716160)
30. R.B. Belser Electrical resistances of thin metal films before and after artificial aging by heating J. Appl. Phys. 28 1957 109 116
31. J.P. Thost, W. Krieger, N. Kroo, Z. Szentirmay, and H. Walther Determination of the propagation length of surface plasmons with the scanning tunneling microscope Opt. Commun. 103 1993 194 200