Lipids and lipid management in diabetes

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 325-338

  Jaiswal, Mamta ^a   Schinske, Ashley ^a   Pop Busui, Rodica ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

cardiovascular disease; dyslipidemia; fibrates; lifestyle intervention; statins; type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN B100; ATORVASTATIN; CHYLOMICRON; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; FLUINDOSTATIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LIPID; LIPOPROTEIN; LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; MEVINOLIN; NICOTINIC ACID; PITAVASTATIN; PRAVASTATIN; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ADIPOCYTE; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHOLESTEROL INTAKE; COMORBIDITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC DYSLIPIDEMIA; DIET THERAPY; DYSLIPIDEMIA; FAT INTAKE; FOLLOW UP; GENE EXPRESSION; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE REVASCULARIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; INCIDENCE; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; INTRAABDOMINAL FAT; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NEOVASCULARIZATION (PATHOLOGY); NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; POSTPRANDIAL STATE; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RISK REDUCTION; SCREENING; SECONDARY PREVENTION; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; WEIGHT REDUCTION; ADULT; BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COMPLICATION; DIABETES COMPLICATIONS; DYSLIPIDEMIAS;

ADULT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES COMPLICATIONS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DYSLIPIDEMIAS; HUMANS; LIPIDS; PREVALENCE;

EID: 84901346709     PISSN: 1521690X     EISSN: 15321908     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.12.001     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. D.R. Whiting, L. Guariguata, and C. Weil et al. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030 Diabetes Res Clin Pract 94 3 2011 311 321
2. I.J. Goldberg Diabetic Dyslipidemia: Causes and Consequences J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 3 2001 965 971
3. S.R. Preis, S.J. Hwang, and S. Coady et al. Trends in all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among women and men with and without diabetes mellitus in the Framingham Heart Study, 1950 to 2005 Circulation 119 2009 1728 1735
4. P. Libby, P.M. Ridker, and G.K. Hansson Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis Nature 473 7347 2011 19 317 325
5. D.H. Blankenhorn, S.A. Nessim, and R.L. Johnson et al. Beneficial effects of combined colestipol-niacin therapy on coronary atherosclerosis and coronary venous bypass grafts J Am Med Assoc 257 23 1987 19 3233 3240
6. M.H. Frick, O. Elo, and K. Haapa et al. Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease N Engl J Med 317 20 1987 12 1237 1245
7. J. Stamler, O. Vaccaro, J.D. Neaton for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group Diabetes, other risk factors and 12-year cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the multiple risk factor intervention trial Diabetes Care 16 1993 434 444
8. W.B. Kannel Lipids, diabetes, and coronary heart disease: insights from the Framingham Study Am Heart J 110 1985 1100 1107
9. S.M. Grundy Diabetes and coronary risk equivalency: what does it mean? Diabetes Care 29 2006 457 460
10. D.M. Maahs, D. Dabelea, and R.B. D'Agostino Jr. SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Glucose control predicts 2-year change in lipid profile in youth with type 1 diabetes J Pediatr 162 1 2013 101 107
11. M.J. Jacobs, T. Kleisli, and J.R. Pio et al. Prevalence and control of dyslipidemia among persons with diabetes in the United States Diabetes Res Clin Pract 70 3 2005 263 269
12. T.J. Chahil, and H.N. Ginsberg Diabetic dyslipidemia Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 35 3 2006 491 510
13. B. Conway, R.G. Miller, and T. Costacou et al. Temporal patterns in overweight and obesity in Type 1 diabetes Diabet Med 27 4 2010 398 404
14. K. Arai, H. Yokoyama, F. Okuguchi Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management Study Group Association between body mass index and core components of metabolic syndrome in 1486 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Japan (JDDM 13) Endocr J 55 6 2008 1025 1032
15. B.V. Howard, L.D. Cowan, and O. Go et al. Adverse effects of diabetes on multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors in women. The Strong Heart Study Diabetes Care 21 8 1998 1258 1265
16. P.W. Wilson, W.B. Kannel, and K.M. Anderson Lipids, glucose intolerance and vascular disease: the Framingham Study Monogr Atheroscler 13 1985 1 11
17. R.M. Krauss Lipids and lipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 27 6 2004 1496 1504
18. J.D. Brunzell Increased ApoB in small dense LDL particles predicts premature coronary artery disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25 3 2005 474 475
19. F.M. Sacks, and H. Campos Clinical review 163: cardiovascular endocrinology: low-density lipoprotein size and cardiovascular disease: a reappraisal J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 10 2003 4525 4532
20. S.M. Haffner, L. Mykkanen, and A. Festa et al. Insulin-resistant prediabetic subjects have more atherogenic risk factors than insulin-sensitive prediabetic subjects: implications for preventing coronary heart disease during the prediabetic state Circulation 101 2000 975 980
21. G.F. Lewis, and G. Steiner Acute effects of insulin in the control of VLDL production in humans. Implications for the insulin-resistant state Diabetes Care 19 1996 390 393
22. M. Merkel, R.H. Eckel, and I.J. Goldberg Lipoprotein lipase: genetics, lipid uptake, and regulation Lipid Res 43 12 2002 1997 2006
23. J.S. Cohn, B.W. Patterson, and K.D. Uffelman et al. Rate of production of plasma and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein C-III is strongly related to the concentration and level of production of VLDL triglyceride in male subjects with different body weights and levels of insulin sensitivity J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 8 2004 3949 3955
24. M.A. Austin, and R.M. Krauss LDL density and atherosclerosis J Am Med Assoc 273 2 1995 11 115
25. J.M. Schwarz, P. Linfoot, and D. Dare et al. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis in normo-insulinemic and hyperinsulinemic subjects consuming high-fat, low-carbohydrate and low-fat, high-carbohydrate isoenergetic diets Am J Clin Nutr 77 1 2003 43 50
26. K.L. Donnelly, C.I. Smith, and S.J. Schwarzenberg et al. Sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease J Clin Invest 115 5 2005 1343 1351
27. N.M. Boyer, W.K. Laskey, and M. Cox et al. Trends in clinical, demographic, and biochemical characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarction from 2003 to 2008: a report from the american heart association get with the guidelines coronary artery disease program J Am Heart Assoc 1 4 2012 e001206
28. G.G. Schwartz, A.G. Olsson, and M. Szarek et al. Relation of characteristics of metabolic syndrome to short-term prognosis and effects of intensive statin therapy after acute coronary syndrome: an analysis of the Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) trial Diabetes Care 28 10 2005 2508 2513
29. D. Aguilar, M.R. Fisher, and C.M. O'Connor Investigators in the Weekly Intervention with Zithromax for Atherosclerosis and its Related Disorder study Metabolic syndrome, C-reactive protein, and prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease Am Heart J 152 2 2006 298 304
30. P. Deedwania, P. Barter, and R. Carmena Treating to New Targets Investigators Reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: analysis of the treating to new targets study Lancet 368 9539 2006 919 928
31. C.S. Fox, S. Coady, and P.D. Sorlie et al. Increasing cardiovascular disease burden due to diabetes mellitus: the Framingham Heart Study Circulation 115 2007 1544 1550
32. L. Park, K.G. Raman, and K.J. Lee et al. Suppression of accelerated diabetic atherosclerosis by the soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts Nat Med 4 9 1998 1025 1031
33. P. Reaven, S. Merat, and F. Casanada et al. Effect of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia on lipid profiles, formation of advanced glycation endproducts in lesions, and extent of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17 10 1997 2250 2256
34. J.L. Dixon, J.D. Stoops, and J.L. Parker et al. Dyslipidemia and vascular dysfunction in diabetic pigs fed an atherogenic diet Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19 12 1999 2981 2992
35. R.C. Turner, H. Millns, H.A.W. Neil for the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom prospective diabetes study BMJ 316 1998 823 828
36. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection E, And treatment of high blood cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) J Am Med Assoc 285 2001 2486 2497
37. J.D. Brunzell, M. Davidson, and C.D. Furberg American Diabetes Association; American College of Cardiology Foundation Lipoprotein management in patients with cardiometabolic risk: consensus statement from the American diabetes association and the American college of cardiology foundation Diabetes Care 31 2008 4,811 4,822
38. N.J. Stone, J. Robinson, and A.H. Lichtenstein et al. ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults a report of the american college of Cardiology/American heart association Task Force on Practice guidelines Circulation 2013 10.1161/01.cir. 0000437738.63853.7a [in Press]
39. E. Selvin, S. Marinopoulos, and G. Berkenblit et al. Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus Ann Intern Med 141 6 2004 21 421 431
40. H.C. Gerstein, J. Pogue, and J.F. Mann HOPE Investigators The relationship between dysglycaemia and cardiovascular and renal risk in diabetic and non-diabetic participants in the HOPE study: a prospective epidemiological analysis Diabetologia 48 9 2005 1749 1755
41. I.M. Stratton, A.I. Adler, and H.A. Neil et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study BMJ 321 7258 2000 405 412
42. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group Lancet 352 9131 1998 837 853
43. A. Patel, S. MacMahon, J. Chalmers ADVANCE Collaborative Group Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes N Engl J Med 358 24 2008 2560 2572
44. H.C. Gerstein, M.E. Miller, R.P. Byington Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes N Engl J Med 358 24 2008 2545 2559
45. D.M. Nathan, P.A. Cleary, and J.Y. Backlund Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes N Engl J Med 353 25 2005 2643 2653
46. R.R. Holman, S.K. Paul, and M.A. Bethel et al. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes N Engl J Med 359 15 2008 1577 1589
47. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group BMJ 317 7160 1998 12 703 713
48. G. Steiner Lipid intervention trials in diabetes Diabetes Care 23 Suppl. 2 2000 B49 B53
49. P. Gaede, P. Vedel, and N. Larsen et al. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes N Engl J Med 348 5 2003 30 383 393
50. H.N. Ginsberg, M.B. Elam, L.C. Lovato ACCORD Study Group Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus N Engl J Med 362 17 2010 1563 1574
51. S.M. Haffner, and American Diabetes Association Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes Diabetes Care 26 Suppl. 1 2003 S83 S86
52. E.J. Mills, P. Wu, and G. Chong et al. Efficacy and safety of statin treatment for cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis of 170,255 patients from 76 randomized trials QJM - Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians 104 2 2011 109 124
53. K. Pyrälä, T.R. Pedersen, and J. Kjekshus et al. Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin improves prognosis of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. A subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) Diabetes Care 20 4 1997 614 620
54. R. Collins, J. Armitage, S. Parish Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial Lancet 361 9374 2003 14 2005 2016
55. H.M. Colhoun, D.J. Betteridge, and P.N. Durrington CARDS Investigators Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial Lancet 364 9435 2004 685 696
56. R.H. Knopp, M. d'Emden, and J.G. Smilde et al. Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in the prevention of cardiovascular end points in subjects with type 2 diabetes: the Atorvastatin Study for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Endpoints in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (ASPEN) Diabetes Care 29 7 2006 1478 1485
57. P.S. Sever, N.R. Poulter, and B. Dahlöf et al. Reduction in cardiovascular events with atorvastatin in 2,532 patients with type 2 diabetes: Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-lipid-lowering arm (ASCOT-LLA) Diabetes Care 28 5 2005 1151 1157
58. C.A. Arampatzis, D. Goedhart, and P.W. Serruys LIPS Investigators Fluvastatin reduces the impact of diabetes on long-term outcome after coronary intervention-a Lescol Intervention Prevention Study (LIPS) substudy Am Heart J 149 2 2005 329 335
59. J. Shepherd, P. Barter, and R. Carmena et al. Effect of lowering LDL cholesterol substantially below currently recommended levels in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes: the Treating to New Targets (TNT) study Diabetes Care 29 6 2006 1220 1226
60. C.P. Cannon, E. Braunwald, and C.H. McCabe Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 Investigators Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes N Engl J Med 350 15 2004 8 1495 1504
61. Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J Cholesterol Treatment Trialists'(CTT) Collaboration Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials Lancet 376 2010 1670 1681
62. N. Sattar, D. Preiss, and H.M. Murray et al. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials Lancet 375 9716 2010 735 742
63. D. Preiss, S.R. Seshasai, and P. Welsh et al. Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis J Am Med Assoc 305 24 2011 2556 2564
64. P.M. Ridker, E. Danielson, F.A. Fonseca JUPITER Study Group Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein N Engl J Med 359 21 2008 2195 2207
65. P.M. Ridker, A. Pradhan, and J.G. MacFadyen et al. Cardiovascular benefits and diabetes risks of statin therapy in primary prevention: an analysis from the JUPITER trial Lancet 380 9841 2012 565 571
66. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators B. Mihaylova, J. Emberson, and L. Blackwell et al. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials Lancet 380 9841 2012 581 590
67. R. Huxley, F. Barzi, and M. Woodward Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies BMJ 332 2006 73 78
68. C. Meek, A.S. Wierzbicki, and C. Jewkes et al. Daily and intermittent rosuvastatin 5 mg therapy in statin intolerant patients: an observational study Curr Med Res Opin 28 3 2012 371 378
69. D.C. Goff Jr., D.M. Lloyd-Jones, and G. Bennett et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the american college of Cardiology/American heart association Task Force on Practice Guidelines J Am Coll Cardiol 2013 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.005 S0735-1097(13)06031-2
70. M.H. Frick, O. Elo, and K. Haapa et al. Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease N Engl J Med 317 20 1987 1237 1245
71. H.B. Rubins, S.J. Robins, and D. Collins et al. Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group N Engl J Med 341 6 1999 410 418
72. Report from the Committee of Principal Investigators A co-operative trial in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate. Report from the Committee of Principal Investigators Br Heart J 40 10 1978 1069 1118
73. Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) Study Secondary prevention by raising HDL cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease Circulation 102 1 2000 21 27
74. L. Tenkanen, M. Mänttäri, and V. Manninen Some coronary risk factors related to the insulin resistance syndrome and treatment with gemfibrozil. Experience from the Helsinki Heart Study Circulation 92 7 1995 1779 1785
75. P.J. Barter, and K.A. Rye Cardioprotective properties of fibrates: which fibrate, which patients, what mechanism? Circulation 113 12 2006 1553 1555
76. A. Tenenbaum, M. Motro, and E.Z. Fisman et al. Bezafibrate for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with metabolic syndrome Arch Intern Med 165 10 2005 1154 1160
77. A. Keech, R.J. Simes, and P. Barter FIELD Study Investigators Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial Lancet 366 9500 2005 1849 1861
78. R. Klempfner, I. Goldenberg, and E.Z. Fisman et al. Comparison of statin alone versus bezafibrate and statin combination in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome Am J Cardiol 2013 S0002-9149(13)01917-6. 10.1016
79. P.L. Canner, K.G. Berge, and N.K. Wenger et al. Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacin J Am Coll Cardiol 8 6 1986 1245 1255
80. M.B. Elam, D.B. Hunninghake, and K.B. Davis et al. Effect of niacin on lipid and lipoprotein levels and glycemic control in patients with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease: the ADMIT study: a randomized trial. Arterial Disease Multiple Intervention Trial J Am Med Assoc 284 10 2000 1263 1270
81. S.M. Grundy, G.L. Vega, M.E. McGovern Diabetes Multicenter Research Group Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of once-daily niacin for the treatment of dyslipidemia associated with type 2 diabetes: results of the assessment of diabetes control and evaluation of the efficacy of niaspan trial Arch Intern Med 162 14 2002 1568 1576
82. AIM-HIGH Investigators, W.E. Boden, and J.L. Probstfield et al. Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy N Engl J Med 365 24 2011 2255 2267