Flower colours through the lens: Quantitative measurement with visible and ultraviolet digital photography

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2014, Pages

  Garcia, Jair E ^a   Greentree, Andrew D ^a   Shrestha, Mani ^b   Dorin, Alan ^b   Dyer, Adrian G ^a  

^a RMIT UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; CAMERA; COLOR; COLORIMETRY; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIGITAL IMAGING; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FLOWER; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGE PROCESSING; IMAGING SYSTEM; LINEAR SYSTEM; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; NONHUMAN; OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION; OPTICAL RESOLUTION; PHOTOGRAPHY; PROCESS CONTROL; PROCESS DESIGN; PROCESS DEVELOPMENT; PROCESS TECHNOLOGY; REFERENCE VALUE; REFLECTOMETRY; SIGNAL DETECTION; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; SPECTROPHOTOMETER; STANDARD; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION; ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; DEVICES; FABACEAE; INSECT; LENS; PHYSIOLOGY; POLLINATION; PROCEDURES; SIGNAL PROCESSING; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY;

ANIMALS; COLOR; FABACEAE; FLOWERS; INSECTS; LENS, CRYSTALLINE; PHOTOGRAPHY; POLLINATION; SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

EID: 84901313423     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096646     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Barth FG (1985) Insects and owners: the biology of a partnership. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
2. Waddington KD (1983) Foraging behaviour of pollinators. In: Real L, editor, Pollination biology, New York: Academic Press. 213-239.
3. Chittka L, Spaethe J, Schmidt A, Hickelsberger A (2001) Adaptation, constraint, and chance in the evolution of owner colour and pollinator colour vision. In: Chittka L, Thomson D, editors, Cognitive ecology of pollination, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 106-126.
4. Chittka L, Thomson JD, Waser NM (1999) Flower constancy, insect psychology, and plant evolution. Naturwissenschaften 86: 361-377. (Pubitemid 29399546)
5. Darwin C (1876) On the effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom. London: Murray.
6. Streisfeld MA, Kohn JR (2007) Environment and pollinator-mediated selection on parapatric oral races of Mimulus aurantiacus. J Evol Biol 20: 122-132. (Pubitemid 44968162)
7. Lubbock SJ (1881) Observations on ants, bees and wasps. ix. color of owners as an attraction to bees: Experiments and considerations thereon. J Linn Soc Lond (Zool) 16: 110-112.
8. Strutt JW (Lord Rayleigh) (1874) Insects and the colours of owners. Nature 11: 6.
9. Autrum H, von Zwehl V (1964) Spektrale Empfindlichkeit einzelner Sehzellen des Bienenauges. Z vergl Physiol 48: 357-384.
10. Kühn A (1927) Über den Farbensinn der Bienen. Z Vergl Physiol 41: 762-800.
11. Knuth P (1891) Die Einwirkung der Blütenfarben auf der photographischen Platte. Biol-Centralbl 48: 160-165.
12. Daumer K (1958) Blumenfarben, wie sie die Bienen sehen. Z Vergl Physiol 41: 49-110.
13. Kevan PG (1979) Vegetation and oral colours using ultraviolet light: Interpretational difficulties for functional significance. Am J Bot 66: 749-751.
14. Richtmyer FK (1923) The reflection of ultraviolet by owners. J Opt Soc Am 7: 151-156.
15. Kevan PG, Chittka L, Dyer AG (2001) Limits to the salience of ultraviolet: Lessons from colour vision in bees and birds. J Exp Biol 204: 2571-2580. (Pubitemid 34869483)
16. Lythgoe JN (1979) The ecology of vision. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
17. Endler JA (1990) On the measurement and classification of colour in studies of animal colour patterns. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 41: 315-352.
18. Chittka L, Menzel R (1992) The evolutionary adaptation of owner colours and the insect pollinator's colour vision. J Comp Physiol A 171: 171-181.
19. Dyer AG, Boyd-Gerny S, McLoughlin S, Rosa MGP, Simonov V, et al. (2012) Parallel evolution of angiosperm colour signals: common evolutionary pressures linked to hymenopteran vision. Proc R Soc B 279: 3606-3615.
20. Bischoff M, Lord JM, Robertson AW, Dyer AG (2013) Hymenopteran pollinators as agents of selection on owner colour in New Zeland mountains: salient chromatic signals enhance owner discrimination. New Zeal J Bot 51: 181-193.
21. Shrestha M, Dyer AG, Bhattarai P, Burd M (2013) Flower colour and phylogeny along an altitudinal gradient in the Himalayas of Nepal. J Ecol 102: 126-135.
22. Shrestha M, Dyer AG, Boyd-Gerny S, Wong BBM, Burd M (2013) Shades of red: Bird pollinated owners target the specific colour discrimination abilities of avian vision. New Phytol 198: 301-307.
23. Kendal D, Hauser CE, Garrard GE, Jellinek S, Giljohann KM, et al. (2013) Quantifying plant colour and colour difference as perceived by humans using digital images. PLoS ONE 8: e72296.
24. Morawetz L, Svoboda A, Spaethe J, Dyer AG (2013) Blue colour preference in honey bees distract visual attention for learning closed shapes. J Comp Physiol A doi:10.1007/s00359-013-0843-5.
25. Dafni A, Lehrer M, Kevan PG (1997) Spatial owner parameters and insect spatial vision. Biol Rev 72: 239-282. (Pubitemid 27207610)
26. Stevens M, Parraga CA, Cuthill I, Partridge J, Troscianko T (2007) Using digital photography to study animal coloration. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 90: 211-237. (Pubitemid 46192765)
27. Westland S, Ripamonti C, Cheung V (2012) Color Science using MATLAB. Chichester: John Wiley, second edition.
28. Vorobyev M, Gumbert A, Kunze J, Giurfa M, Menzel R (1997) Flowers through insects eyes. Israel J Plant Sci 45: 93-101.
29. Williams S, Dyer AG (2007) A photographic simulation of insect vision. J Ophthalmic Photogr 29: 10-14.
30. Chiao CC, Wu WY, Chen SH, Yang EC (2009) Visualization of the spatial and spectral signals of orb-weaving spiders Nephila pilipes, through the eyes of a honeybee. J Exp Bio 212: 2269-2278.
31. Garcia JE, Dyer AG, Greentree AD, Spring G, Wilksch PA (2013) Linearisation of RGB cameras for quantitative image analysis of visible and uv photography: A comparison of two techniques. PLoS ONE 8: e79534.
32. Pike T (2010) Using digital cameras to investigate animal colouration: estimating sensior sensitivity functions. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 65: 849-858.
33. Garcia JE, Wilksch P, Spring G, Philp P, Dyer AG (2014) Characterisation of digital cameras for reflected ultraviolet photography; implications for qualitative image analysis during forensic examination. J Forensic Sci 59: 117-122.
34. Chittka L, Shmida A, Troje N, Menzel R (1994) Ultraviolet as a component of flower reflections, and the colour perception of hymenoptera. Vis Res 34: 1489-1508. (Pubitemid 24150026)
35. Peitsch D, Fietz A, Hertel H, Souza J, Ventura D, et al. (1992) The spectral input systems of hymenopteran insects and their receptor-based colour vision. J Comp Phys A 170: 23-40.
36. Young MJ, Simmons LW, Evans JP (2011) Predation is associated with variation in colour pattern, but not body shape or colour reflectance, in a rainbowfish (Melanotaenia australis). J Anim Ecol 80: 183-191.
37. Garcia JE, Rohr D, Dyer AG (2013) Trade-off between camouflage and sexual dimorphism revealed by UV digital imaging: the case of australian mallee dragons (Ctenophorus fordi). J Exp Bio 216: 4290-4298.
38. Lutz FE (1924) The colors of owners and the vision of insects, with special reference to ultraviolet. Ann New York Acad Sci 29: 233-283.
39. Menzel R (1990) Color Vision in owner visiting Insects. Berlin: Freien Universität Berlin.
40. Dyer AG (1996) Measurement of reflected near-ultraviolet and visible radiations recorded on a two-dimensional radiation sensitive surface. J BioMed Imag 2: 6-10.
41. Indsto JO, Weston PH (2000) Near-ultraviolet reflectance in Dendrobium (Orchidaceae). In: Wilson K, Morrison D, editors, Monocots Systematics and Evolution, Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing. 326-334.
42. Wyszecki G, Stiles WS (2000) Color Science Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae. New York: John Wiley & Sons, second edition.
43. Kelber A, Vorobyev M, Osorio D (2003) Animal colour vision - behavioural tests and physiological concepts. Biol Rev 78: 81-118. (Pubitemid 36253947)
44. Holst GC, Lomheim TS (2007) CMOS/CCD sensors and Camera Systems. Bellingham: SPIE Press.
45. Ray S (2011) Photographic light sources. In: Allen E, Triantaphillidou S, editors, The Manual of Photography, Burlington: Focal Press, chapter 3. Tenth edition, 43-57.
46. Dyer AG, Muir L, Muntz W (2004) A calibrated grey scale for forensic ultraviolet photography. J Forensic Sci 190: 105-114.
47. Myers RD (2010) Colorchecker passport technical review. Technical report, Robin Myers Imaging.
48. Adobe Systems Incorporated (2005) Adobe RGB 1998 color image encoding. Technical report, Adobe Incorporated, San Jose.
49. Endler JA, Mielke PW (2005) Comparing entire colour patterns as birds see them. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 86: 405-431. (Pubitemid 41783968)
50. Endler JA (2012) A framework for analysing colour pattern geometry: Adjacent colours. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 107: 233-253.
51. Whitney HM, Kolle M, Piers A, Chittka L, Steiner U, et al. (2009) Floral iridescence, produced by diffractive optics, acts as a cue for animal pollinators. Science 323: 130-133.
52. Vukusic P, Sambles RJ (2003) Photonic structures in biology. Nature 424: 852-860.
53. Vignolini S, Moyroud E, Glover BJ, Steiner U (2013) Analysing photonic structures in plants. J R Soc Interface 10.
54. Vukusic P, Stavenga DG (2009) Physical methods for investigating structural colours in biological systems. J R Soc Interface 6: S133-S148.
55. Roujean JL, Leroy M, Deschamps PY (1992) A bidirectional reflectance model of the Earth's surface for the correction of remote sensing data. J Geophys Res 97: 20,455-20,468.
56. Gao F, Schaaf CB, Strahler AH, Jin Y, Li X (2003) Detecting vegetation structure using a kernel-based BRDF model. Remote Sens Environ 86: 198-205. (Pubitemid 37143214)
57. Barnard K, Funt B (2001) Camera characterisation for colour research. Color Res Appl 27: 152-163.
58. Salvaggio N (2009) Basic photographic materials and processes. Burlington: Elsevier, third edition.
59. Alsam A, Finlayson GD (2007) Metamer sets without spectral calibration. J Opt Soc Am A 24: 2505-2512. (Pubitemid 350161985)
60. Martínez-Verdú F, Pujol J, Capilla P (2002) Calculation of the color matching functions of digital cameras from their complete spectral sensitivities. J Imag Sci Tech 46: 15-25. (Pubitemid 34247526)
61. Stockman A, Sharpe LT (2000) The spectral sensitivities of the middle- and long- wavelength sensitive cones derived from measurements in observers of known genotype. Vis Res 40: 1711-1737. (Pubitemid 30257817)