Environment and pollinator-mediated selection on parapatric floral races of Mimulus aurantiacus

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 122-132

  Streisfeld, M A ^a,b   Kohn, J R ^a  

^a University of California at San Diego   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Flower colour; Mimulus; Natural selection; Pollination; Reciprocal transplant

Indexed keywords

FITNESS; FLORAL TRAIT; FLOWER VISITING; LOCAL ADAPTATION; NATURAL SELECTION; PARAPATRY; PLANT-POLLINATOR INTERACTION; TRANSPLANTATION;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIRD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; ECOSYSTEM; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FLOWER; GENETIC SELECTION; GENETICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MIMULUS; MOTH; PHYSIOLOGY; PIGMENTATION; POLLEN; POPULATION DENSITY; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL MODEL; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALS; BIRDS; CALIFORNIA; DEMOGRAPHY; ECOSYSTEM; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FLOWERS; LINEAR MODELS; MIMULUS; MOTHS; PIGMENTATION; POLLEN; POPULATION DENSITY; SELECTION (GENETICS); SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

DIPLACUS AURANTIACUS; MIMULUS (ANGIOSPERM); PHRYMACEAE; SPHINGIDAE; TROCHILIDAE;

EID: 33845686387     PISSN: 1010061X     EISSN: 14209101     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01216.x     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Adler, L.S., Karban, R. & Strauss, S.Y. 2001. Direct and indirect effects of alkaloids on plant fitness via herbivory and pollination. Ecology 82: 2032-2044.
2. Antonovics, J. & Bradshaw, A.D. 1971. Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations. VIII. Clinal patterns at a mine boundary. Heredity 25: 349-362.
3. Armbruster, W.S. 2002. Can indirect selection and genetic context contribute to trait diversification? A transition-probability study of blossom-colour evolution in two genera. J. Evol. Biol. 15: 468-486.
4. Beeks, R.M. 1962. Variation and hybridization in southern California populations of Diplacus scrophulariaceae. Aliso 5: 83-122.
5. Bennington, C.C. & McGraw, J.B. 1995. Natural selection and ecotypic differentiation in Impatiens pallida. Ecol. Monogr. 65: 303-323.
6. Bolger, D.T., Scott, T.A. & Rotenberry, J.T. 1997. Breeding bird abundance in an urbanizing landscape in coastal southern California. Conserv. Biol. 11: 406-421.
7. Bradshaw, A.D. 1984. Ecological significance of genetic variation between populations. In: Perspectives in Plant Population Biology (R. Dirzo & J. Sarukhan, eds), pp. 213-228. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA, USA.
8. Bradshaw, H.D., Jr & Schemske, D.W. 2003. Allele substitution at a flower color locus produces a pollinator shift in monkey-flowers. Nature 426: 126-128.
9. Campbell, D.R., Waser, N.M. & Wolf, P.G. 1998. Pollen transfer by natural hybrids and parental species in an Ipomopsis hybrid zone. Evolution 52: 1602-1611.
10. Castellanos, M.C., Wilson, P. & Thomson, J.D. 2003. Pollen transfer by hummingbirds and bumblebees, and the divergence of pollination modes in Penstemon. Evolution 57: 2743-2752.
11. Chitka, L., Spaethe, J., Schmidt, A. & Hickelsberger, A. 2001. Adaptation, constraint, and chance in the evolution of flower color and pollinator color vision. In: Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behavior and Floral Evolution (L. Chitka, & J. D. Thomson, eds), pp. 106-126. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
12. Clausen, J., Keck, D.D. & Hiesey, W.M. 1940. Experimental Studies on the Nature of Species I. The Effects of Varied Environments on Western American Plants. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. No. 520.
13. Clausen, J., Keck, D.D. & Hiesey, W.M. 1948. Experimental Studies on the Nature of Species III. Environmental Responses of Climatic Races of Achillea. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. No. 581.
14. Coberly, L.C. & Rausher, M.D. 2003. Analysis of a chalcone synthasemutantin Ipomoea purpurea reveals a novel function for flavonoids: amelioration of heat stress. Mol. Ecol. 12: 1113-1124.
15. Conner, J.K. 2002. Genetic mechanisms of floral trait correlations in a natural plant population. Nature 420: 407-410.
16. Endler, J.A. 1977. Geographic Variation, Speciation, and Clines. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
17. Faegri, K. & Van der Pijl, L. 1971. The Principles of Pollination Ecology. 2nd edn. Pergamon, Oxford.
18. Fenster, C.B., Armbruster, W.S., Wilson, P., Dudash, M.R. & Thomson, J.D. 2004. Pollination syndromes and floral specialization. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 35: 375-403.
19. Fineblum, W.L. & Rausher, M.D. 1997. Do floral pigmentation genes also influence resistance to enemies? The W locus in Ipomoea purpurea. Ecology 78: 1646-1654.
20. Frey, F.M. 2004. Opposing natural selection from herbivores and pathogens may maintain floral-color variation in Claytonia viginica (Portulacaceae). Evolution 58: 2426-2437.
21. Grant, V. 1949. Pollination systems as isolating mechanisms in angiosperms. Evolution 3: 82-97.
22. Grant, V. 1981. Plant Speciation, 2nd edn. Columbia University Press, New York, USA.
23. Grant, V. 1993. Origin of floral isolation between ornithophilous and sphingophilous plant species. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90: 7729-7733.
24. Harborne, J.B. 1976. Functions of flavonoids in plants. In: Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigments (T. W. Goodwin, ed), pp. 736-778. Academic Press, London.
25. Hare, J.D. 2002. Geographic and genetic variation in the leaf surface resin components of Mimulus aurantiacus from southern California. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30: 281-296.
26. Healy, S.D. & Hurley, A.T. 2001. Foraging and spatial learning in hummingbirds. In: Cognitive Ecology of Pollination: Animal Behavior and Floral Evolution (L. Chitka & J. D. Thomson, eds), pp. 127-147. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
27. Hiesey, W.M., Nobs, M.A. & Bjorkman, O. 1971. Experimental Studies on the Nature of Species V. Biosystematics, Genetics, and Physiological Ecology of the Erythranthe Section of Mimulus. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. No. 628.
28. Irwin, R.E., Strauss, S.Y., Storz, S., Emerson, A. & Guibert, G. 2003. The role of herbivores in the maintenance of a flower color polymorphism in wild radish. Ecology 84: 1733-1743.
29. Jewell, J., McKee, J. & Richards, A.J. 1994. The keel colour polymorphism in Lotus corniculatus L.: differences in internal flower temperatures. New Phytol. 128: 363-368.
30. Johnson, S.D. & Steiner, K.E. 2000. Generalization versus specialization in plant pollination systems. Trends Ecol. Evol. 15: 140-143.
31. Kelber, A., Balkenius, A. & Warrant, E.J. 2002. Scotopic colour vision in nocturnal hawkmoths. Nature 419: 922-925.
32. Koes, R.E., Quattrocchio, R. & Mol, J.N.M. 1994. The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in plants: function and evolution. Bioessays 16: 123-132.
33. Lande, R. & Arnold, S.J. 1983. The measurement of selection correlated characters. Evolution 37: 1210-1226.
34. Lincoln, D.E. 1980. Leaf resin flavonoids of Diplacus aurantiacus. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 8: 397-400.
35. Lincoln, D.E. & Walla, M.D. 1986. Flavonoids from Diplacus aurantiacus leaf resin. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 14: 195-198.
36. Littell, R.C., Milliken, G.A., Stroup, W.W. & Wolfinger, R.D. 1996. SAS System for Mixed Models. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA.
37. Mayfield, M.M., Waser, N.M. & Price, M.V. 2001. Exploring the 'most effective pollinator principle' with complex flowers: bumblebees and Ipomopsis aggregata. Ann. Bot. 88: 591-596.
38. McMinn, H.E. 1951. Studies in the genus Diplacus, Scrophulariaceae. Madroño 11: 1-32.
39. Meléndez-Ackerman, E., Campbell, D.R. & Waser, N.M. 1997. Hummingbird behavior and mechanisms of selection on flower color in Ipomopsis. Ecology 78: 2532-2541.
40. Munz, P.A. 1973. A California Flora and Supplement. University of. California Press, Los Angeles, California, USA.
41. National Audubon Society. 2002. The Christmas Bird Count Historical Results [Online]. Available at http://www.audubon.org/bird/cbc/hr.
42. Ollerton, J. 1996. Reconciling ecological processes with phylogenetic patterns: the apparent paradox of plant-pollinator systems. J. Ecol. 84: 767-769.
43. Schemske, D.W. & Bradshaw, H.D., Jr 1999. Pollinator preference and the evolution of floral traits in monkey flower Mimulus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96: 11910-11915.
44. Schemske, D.W. & Horvitz, C.C. 1984. Variation among floral visitors in pollination ability: a precondition for mutualism specialization. Science 225: 519-521.
45. Shirley, B.W. 1996. Flavonoid biosynthesis: new functions for an old pathway. Trends Plant Sci. 1: 377-382.
46. Slatkin, M. 1985. Gene flow in natural populations. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 16: 393-430.
47. Slatkin, M. 1987. Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations. Science. 236: 787-792.
48. Stebbins, G.L., Jr 1970. Adaptive radiation of reproductive characteristics in Angiosperms I: pollination mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1: 327-354.
49. Strauss, S.Y., Irwin, R.E. & Lambrix, V.M. 2004. Optimal defense theory and flower petal colour predict variation in the secondary chemistry of wild radish. J. Ecol. 92: 132-141.
50. Streisfeld, M.A. & Kohn, J.R. 2005. Contrasting patterns of floral and molecular variation across a cline in Mimulus aurantiacus. Evolution 59: 2548-2559.
51. Thompson, D.M. 1993. Mimulus. In: The Jepson Manual; Higher Plants of California (J. C. Hickman, ed.), pp. 1037-1047. University of California Press, Los Angeles, California, USA.
52. Thomson, J.D. 2003. When is it mutualism? 2001 presidential address, American Society of Naturalists. Am. Nat. 162: S1-S9.
53. Thomson, J.D., Wilson, P., Valenzuela, M. & Malzone, M. 2000. Pollen presentation and pollination syndromes, with special reference to Penstemon. Plant Species Biol. 15: 11-29.
54. Tulig, M. 2000. Morphological variation in Mimulus section Diplacus (Scrophulariaceae). MSc Thesis, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona.
55. Unitt, P. 2004. San Diego County Bird Atlas. Ibis Publishing Co., San Diego, California, USA.
56. Waayers, G.M. 1996. Hybridization, introgression, and selection in Mimulus aurantiacus ssp. australis and Mimulus puniceus. MSc Thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego.
57. Waser, N.M. 1998. Pollination, angiosperm speciation, and the nature of species boundaries. Oikos 81: 198-201.
58. Waser, N.M. & Price, M.V. 1985. Reciprocal transplant experiments with Delphinium nelsonii (Ranunculaceae): evidence for local adaptation. Am. J. Bot. 72: 1726-1732.
59. Waser, N.M., Chitka, L., Price, M.V., Williams, N.M. & Ollerton, J. 1996. Generalization in pollination systems, and why it matters. Ecology 77: 1043-1060.
60. Wilson, P., Castellanos, M.C., Hogue, J.N., Thomson, J.D. & Armbruster, W.S. 2004. A multivariate search for pollination syndromes among penstemons. Oikos 104: 345-361.