Context, electoral rules, and party systems

Annual Review of Political Science

Volumn 17, Issue , 2014, Pages 421-439

  Ferree, Karen E ^a   Powell, G Bingham ^b   Scheiner, Ethan ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Duverger; First past the post; Proportional representation; Strategic incentives

Indexed keywords

EID: 84901030003     PISSN: 10942939     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-polisci-102512-195419     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Alvarez M, Hall T, Hyde S, eds. 2008. Election Fraud: Detecting and Deterring Electoral Manipulation. Washington, DC: Brookings Inst.
2. Alvarez RM, Boehmke FJ, Nagler J. 2006. Strategic voting in British elections. Elect. Stud. 25: 1-19 (Pubitemid 43285717)
3. Amorim Neto O, Cox GW. 1997. Electoral institutions, cleavage structures, and the number of parties. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 41: 149-74
4. Arriola L. 2012. Multiethnic Coalitions in Africa: Business Financing of Opposition Election Campaigns. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
5. Birch S. 2012. Electoral Malpractice. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
6. Chhibber P, Kollman K. 1998. Party aggregation and the number of parties in India and the United States. Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 92: 329-42
7. Chhibber P, Kollman K. 2004. The Formation of National Party Systems: Federalism and Party Competition in Canada, Great Britain, India, and the United States. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press
8. ClarkW, Golder M. 2006. Rehabilitating Duverger's theory: testing the mechanical and strategic modifying effects of electoral laws. Comp. Polit. Stud. 39: 679-708 (Pubitemid 43953766)
9. Cox GW. 1997. Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
10. Cox GW, Kousser JM. 1981. Turnout and Rural Corruption: New York as a Test Case. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 25: 646-63
11. Crisp BF, Santiago O, Potter JD. 2012. Electoral Contexts that Impede Voter Coordination. Elect. Stud. 31: 143-58
12. Dickson E, Scheve K. 2010. Social identity, electoral institutions, and the number of candidates. Br. J. Polit. Sci. 40: 349-75
13. DuvergerM. 1954. Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in theModern State. NewYork: JohnWiley
14. Ferree K. 2011. Framing the Race in South Africa: the Political Origins of Racial-Census Elections. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
15. Ferree K, Gibson C, Hoffman B. 2013a. Electoral institutions and social diversity: testing the interactive hypothesis in South Africa and Ghana. Unpublished manuscript, Univ. Calif., San Diego
16. Ferree K, Powell GB, Scheiner E. 2013b. How context shapes the effects of electoral rules. In Political Science, Electoral Rules, and Democratic Governance, Rep. APSA Task Force on Electoral Rules and Democratic Governance, ed. M Htun, GB Powell Jr., pp. 14-30. Washington, DC: Am. Polit. Sci. Assoc.
17. Filippov M, Ordeshook P, Shvetsova O. 1999. Party fragmentation and presidential elections in postcommunist democracies. Const. Polit. Econ. 10: 1-24
18. Golder M. 2006. Presidential coattails and legislative fragmentation. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 50: 34-48 (Pubitemid 43395949)
19. Greene KF. 2007. Why Dominant Parties Lose: Mexico's Democratization in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
20. Grofman B, Bowler S, Blais A. 2009. Introduction: evidence for Duverger'sLaw in four countries. In Duverger's Law of Plurality Elections: The Logic of Party Competition in Canada, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States, ed. B Grofman, A Blais, S Bowler, pp. 1-11. New York: Springer
21. Hicken A. 2009. Building Party Systems in Developing Nations. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
22. Hicken A, Stoll H. 2011. Presidents and parties: how presidential elections shape coordination in legislative elections. Comp. Polit. Stud. 44: 854-83
23. Hicken A, Stoll H. 2013. Are all presidents created equal? Presidential powers and the shadow of presidential elections. Comp. Polit. Stud. 46: 291-319
24. Horowitz J, Long J. 2013. Ethnicity and strategic voting in Kenya. Work. pap., Dartmouth Coll. and Univ. Washington
25. Hug S. 2001. Altering Party Systems: Strategic Behavior and the Emergence of New Political Parties in Western Democracies. Ann Arbor: Univ. Mich. Press
26. Ignacio L, Martnez I, Coma F. 2012. Forgetting to make votes count: the role of previous democratic experience. Elect. Stud. 31: 413-21
27. Kitschelt H, Wilkinson SI. 2007. A research agenda for the study of citizen-politician linkages and democratic accountability. In Patrons or Policies? Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition, ed. H Kitschelt, SI Wilkinson, pp. 322-43. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
28. Krook ML, Moser RG. 2013. Electoral rules and political inclusion. In Political Science, Electoral Rules, and Democratic Governance, Rep. APSA Task Force on Electoral Rules and Democratic Governance, ed. M Htun, GB Powell Jr., pp. 31-37. Washington, DC: Am. Polit. Sci. Assoc.
29. Laakso M, Taagepera R. 1979. 'Effective' number of parties: a measure with application to West Europe. Comp. Polit. Stud. 12: 3-27
30. LeBas A. 2011. From Protest to Parties: Party-Building and Democratization in Africa. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
31. Lehoucq F. 2003. Electoral fraud: causes, types, and consequences. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 6: 233-56 (Pubitemid 37395353)
32. Lijphart A. 1994. Electoral Systems and Party Systems. New York: Oxford Univ. Press
33. Magaloni B. 2006. Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and ItsDemise inMexico. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
34. Makumba J. 2002. Zimbabwe's hijacked election. J. Democr. 13: 87-101
35. Meguid B. 2008. Party Competition between Unequals: Strategies and Electoral Fortunes in Western Europe. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
36. Mill JS. 1958 (1861). Considerations on Representative Government, ed. CV Shields. New York: Liberal Arts Press
37. Morgenstern S, Vasquez-D'Ela J. 2007. Electoral laws, parties, and party systems in Latin America. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 2007: 143-68
38. MoserRG. 1999. Electoral systems and the number of parties in post-communist states. World Polit. 51: 359-84 (Pubitemid 29312167)
39. MoserRG. 2001. UnexpectedOutcomes: Electoral Systems, Political Parties, and Representation in Russia. Pittsburgh, PA: Univ. Pittsburg Press
40. Moser RG, Scheiner E. 2012. Electoral Systems and Political Context: How the Effects of Rules Vary Across New and Established Democracies. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
41. Moser RG, Scheiner E, Milazzo C. 2011. Social diversity affects the number of parties even under first-past-the-post rules. Unpublished manuscript, Univ. Calif. Davis
42. Mozaffar S. 2010. Electoral rules and post-civil war conflict management: the limitations of institutional design. In Strengthening Peace in Post-Civil War States: Transforming Spoilers into Stakeholders, ed. M Hoddie, CA Hartzell, pp. 79-104. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press
43. Mozaffar S, Scarritt Jr. 2005. The puzzle of African party systems. Party Polit. 11: 399-421 (Pubitemid 40937797)
44. Norris P. 2004. Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior. New York: CambridgeUniv. Press
45. Ordeshook P, Shvetsova O. 1994. Ethnic heterogeneity, district magnitude, and the number of parties. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 38: 100-23
46. Powell GB. 2004. Political representation in comparative politics. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 7: 273-96
47. Powell GB, Vanberg G. 2000. Election laws, disproportionality and median correspondence. Br. J. Polit. Sci. 30: 383-411
48. Rae D. 1967. The Political Consequences of Electoral Laws. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press
49. RikerWH. 1976. The number of political parties: a reexamination of Duverger's Law. Comp. Polit. 9: 93-106
50. Riker WH. 1982. The two-party system and Duverger's Law: an essay on the history of political science. Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 76: 753-66
51. Schaffer FC. 1998. Democracy in Translation: Understanding Politics in an Unfamiliar Culture. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press
52. Schaffer FC. 2007. What is vote buying? In Elections for Sale: The Causes and Consequences of Vote Buying, ed. FC Schaffer, pp. 17-32. Boulder, CO: Lynn Rienner
53. Schedler A. 2002. The menu of manipulation. J. Democr. 13: 36-50
54. Scheiner E. 2008. Does electoral system reform work? Electoral system lessons from reforms of the 1990s. Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 11: 161-81
55. Shugart MS. 2005. Comparative electoral systems research: thematuration of a field and new challenges ahead. In The Politics of Electoral Systems, ed. M Gallagher, P Mitchell, pp. 25-56. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
56. Simpser A. 2013. Why Governments and Parties Manipulate Elections: Theory, Practice, and Implications. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
57. Singer MM. 2013. Was Duverger correct? Single-member district election outcomes in 53 countries. Br. J. Polit. Sci. 43: 201-20
58. Singer MM, Stephenson L. 2009. The political context and Duverger's theory: evidence at the district level. Elect. Stud. 28: 480-91
59. Stokes S. 2005. Perverse accountability: a formal model of machine politics with evidence from Argentina. Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 99: 315-26
60. Stoll H. 2013. Changing Societies, Changing Party Systems. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press
61. Taagepera R. 2007. Predicting Party Sizes: The Logic of Simple Electoral Systems. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press
62. Taagepera R, Shugart MS. 1989. Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press
63. Tavits M, Annus T. 2006. Learning to make votes count: the role of democratic experience. Elect. Stud. 25: 72-90 (Pubitemid 43285721)
64. van Dijk R. 2000. Secret worlds, democratization and election observation in Malawi. In Election Observation and Democratization in Africa, ed. J Abbink, G Hesseling, pp. 180-210. London: Palgrave Macmillan