Skin tone stratification among black Americans, 2001-2003

Social Forces

Volumn 92, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 1313-1337

  Monk, Ellis P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84900829119     PISSN: 00377732     EISSN: 15347605     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/sf/sou007     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Anderson, C., and R. L. Cromwell. 1977. "'Black Is Beautiful' and the Color Preferences of Afro-American Youth." Journal of Negro Education 46(1):76-88.
2. Blair, Irene, Charles Judd, and Kristine Chapleau. 2004. "The Influence of Afrocentric Facial Features in Criminal Sentencing." Psychological Science 15(10):674-79.
3. Bobo, Lawrence, et al. 2012. "The Real Record on Racial Attitudes." Pp. 38-83 in Social Trends in American Life: Findings from the General Social Survey since 1972, edited by Peter V. Marsden. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
4. Bodenhorn, Howard. 2006. "Colorism, Complexion Homogamy, and Household Wealth: Some Historical Evidence." American Economic Review 96(2):256-60.
5. Bodenhorn, Howard, and Christopher S. Ruebeck. 2007. "Colourism and African-American Wealth: Evidence from the Nineteenth-Century South." Journal of Population Economics 20:599-620.
6. Bond, Selena, and Thomas F. Cash. 1992. "Black Beauty: Skin Color and Body Images among African-American College Women." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 22:874-88.
7. Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2006. "Racism Without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States." Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
8. Bowman, P., R. Muhammad, and M. Ifatunji. 2004. "Skin Tone, Class, and Racial Attitudes among African Americans." In Skin Deep: How Race and Complexion Matter in the "Color-Blind" Era, edited by Cedric Herring, Verna Keith, and H. Horton, 128-58. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
9. Clark, K. B., and Lawrence Summers. 1979. "Labor Market Dynamics and Unemployment: A Reconsideration." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1:13-72.
10. Conley, Dalton. 2010[1999]. Being Black, Living in the Red: Race, Wealth, and Social Policy in America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
11. Dixon, Travis, and Keith B. Maddox. 2005. "Skin Tone, Crime News, and Social Reality Judgments: Priming the Stereotype of the Dark and Dangerous Black Criminal." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 35:1555-70.
12. Drake, St. Clair, and Horace Cayton. 1993[1945]. Black Metropolis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13. Eberhardt, Jennifer L., et al. 2004. "Seeing Black: Race, Crime, and Visual Processing." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87(6):876-93.
14. Eberhardt, Jennifer L. 2006. "Looking Deathworthy: Perceived Stereotypicality of Black Defendants Predicts Capital-Sentencing Outcomes." Psychological Science 17:383-86.
15. Faught, James, and Margaret Hunter. 2012. "Latinos and the Skin Color Paradox: Skin Color, National Origin, and Political Attitudes." Sociological Quarterly 53:676-701.
16. Frazier, E. Franklin. 1957. The Black Bourgeoisie. New York: Free Press.
17. Frazier, E. Franklin. 1963. The Negro Church in America. New York: Schocken Books.
18. Gatewood, Willard. 2000. Aristocrats of Color: The Black Elite 1880-1920. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.
19. Goldsmith, Arthur, Jonathan Veum, and William Darity Jr. 1995. "Are Being Unemployed and Being Out of the Labor Force Distinct States? A Psychological Approach." Journal of Economic Psychology 16:275-95.
20. Gullickson, Aaron. 2005. "The Significance of Color Declines: A Re-Analysis of Skin Tone Differentials in Post-Civil Rights America." Social Forces 84(1):157-80.
21. Gyimah-Brempong, K., and G. N. Price. 2006. "Crime and Punishment: And Skin Hue Too?" American Economic Association 96(2):246-50.
22. Hamilton, Darrick, Arthur Goldsmith, and William Darity Jr. 2009. "Shedding 'Light' on Marriage: The Influence of Skin Shade on Marriage for Black Females." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 72(1):30-50.
23. Hannerz, Ulf. 2004[1969]. Soulside: Inquiries into Ghetto Culture and Community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
24. Harburg, Ernest, et al. 1978. "Skin Color, Ethnicity, and Blood Pressure I: Detroit Blacks." American Journal of Public Health 68(12):1177-83.
25. Herring, Cedric. 2002. "Bleaching Out the Color Line? The Skin Color Continuum and the Tripartite Model of Race." Race and Society 5:17-31.
26. Hersch, Joni. 2006. "Skin Tone Effects among African Americans: Perceptions and Reality." Discussion Paper, Harvard Law School John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business, Series Paper 545.
27. Hill, Mark E. 2002. "Race of the Interviewer and Perception of Skin Color: Evidence from the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality." American Sociological Review 67:99-108.
28. Hochschild, Jennifer, and Vesla M. Weaver. 2007a. "The Skin Color Paradox and the American Racial Order." Social Forces 86(2):643-70.
29. Hochschild, Jennifer. 2007b. "Policies of Racial Classification and the Politics of Racial Inequality." In Remaking America, edited by Joe Soss, Jacob S. Hacker, and Suzanne Mettler, 159-82. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press.
30. Hughes, M., and B. R. Hertel. 1990. "The Significance of Color Remains: A Study of Life Chances, Mate Selection, and Ethnic Consciousness among Black Americans." Social Forces 68(4):1105-20.
31. Hunter, Margaret L. 2002. "'If You're Light You're Alright': Light Skin Color as Social Capital for Women of Color." Gender & Society 16(2):175-93.
32. Hunter, Margaret L. 2005. Race, Gender, and the Politics of Skin Tone. New York: Routledge.
33. Iyengar, Shanto, and Kyu S. Hahn. 2007. "Natural Disasters in Black and White: How Racial Cues Influenced Public Response to Hurricane Katrina." Unpublished paper.
34. Jackson, J. S., M. Torres, C. H. Caldwell, H. W. Neighbors, R. M. Nesse, R. J. Taylor, et al. 2004. "The National Survey of American Life: A Study of Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Influences on Mental Disorders and Mental Health." International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 13(4):196-207.
35. Johnson, Charles S. 1934. Shadow of the Plantation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
36. Johnson, J. J., W. J. Farrell, and J. Stoloff. 1998. "The Declining Social and Economic Fortunes of African American Males: A Critical Assessment of Four Perspectives." Review of Black Political Economy 25(4):17-40.
37. Jones, Trina. 2009. "The Case for Legal Recognition of Colorism Claims." Pp. 223-35 in Shades of Difference: Why Skin Color Matters, edited by Evelyn Nakano Glenn. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
38. Keith, Verna, and Cedric Herring. 1991. "Skin Tone and Stratification in the Black Community." American Journal of Sociology 97(3):760-78.
39. Keith, Verna, Karen D. Lincoln, Robert Joseph Taylor, and James S. Jackson. 2010. "Discriminatory Experiences and Depressive Symptoms among African American Women: Do Skin Tone and Mastery Matter?" Sex Roles 62(1):48-59.
40. Krieger, Nancy, Stephen Sidney, and Eugenie Coakley. 1998. "Racial Discrimination and Skin Color in the CARDIA Study: Implications for Public Health Research." American Journal of Public Health 99:1308-13.
41. Maddox, K. B., and S. Gray. 2002. "Cognitive Representations of Black Americans: Reexploring the Role of Skin Tone." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28(2):250-59.
42. Massey, Douglas. 2008. Categorically Unequal: The American Stratification System. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
43. Monk, Ellis Jr. 2013. Color, Bodily Capital, and Ethnoracial Division in the U.S. and Brazil. PhD diss., Department of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley.
44. Murguia, E., and E. E. Telles. 1996. "Phenotype and Schooling among Mexican Americans." Sociology of Education 69(4):276-89.
45. Oliver, Melvin, and Thomas Shapiro. 1995. Black Wealth/White Wealth: A New Perspective on Racial Inequality. New York: Routledge.
46. Pager, Devah. 2003. "The Mark of a Criminal Record." American Journal of Sociology 108:937-75.
47. Powdermaker, Hortense. 1939. After Freedom: A Cultural Study in the Deep South. New York: Viking Press.
48. Reuter, Edward Byron. 1917. The Mulatto in the United States. New York: Negro Universities Press.
49. Schwartz, Christine R. 2010. "Pathways to Educational Homogamy in Marital and Cohabiting Unions." Demography 47:735-53.
50. Schwartz, Christine R., and Robert D. Mare. 2005. "Trends in Educational Assortative Marriage from 1940 to 2003." Demography 42:621-46.
51. Seltzer, Richard, and Robert C. Smith. 1991. "Color Differences in the Afro-American Community and the Differences They Make." Journal of Black Studies 21(3):279-86.
52. Viglione, Jill, Lance Hannon, and Robert DeFina. 2011. "The Impact of Light Skin on Prison Time for Black Female Offenders." Social Science Journal 48:250-58.
53. Wacquant, Loïc. 1997. "For an Analytic of Racial Domination." (Symposium on "Rethinking Race" with Ann Laura Stoler, Patricia Dominguez, David Roediger, and Uday Singh Mehta): Political Power and Social Theory 11: 221-234.
54. Wade, Joel T., Melanie Romano, and Leslie Blue. 2004. "The Effect of African American Skin Color on Hiring Preferences." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 34(12):2550-58.
55. Wallace, Scyatta, et al. 2011. "Gold Diggers, Video Vixens, and Jezebels: Stereotype Images and Substance Use among Urban African American Girls." Journal of Women's Health 20(9):1315-24.
56. Waters, Mary. 1999. Black Identities: West Indian Immigrant Dreams and American Realities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
57. Weaver, Vesla M. 2012. "The Electoral Consequences of Skin Color: The 'Hidden' Side of Race in Politics." Political Behavior 34:159-92.
58. Western, Bruce. 2006. Punishment and Inequality in America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
59. Williamson, Joel. 1980. New People: Miscegenation and Mulattoes in the United States. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
60. Yinger, John. 1995. Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost: The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.