After the crime: The power of restorative justice dialogues between victims and violent offenders

After the Crime: The Power of Restorative Justice Dialogues between Victims and Violent Offenders

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-265

  Miller, Susan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

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EID: 84900569904     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

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109. Timothy Beneke (1983), Men on Rape: What They Have to Say about Sexual Violence, New York: St. Martin's
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113. Florence Rush [1980], The Best-Kept Secret: Sexual Child Abuse of Children, New York: McGraw-Hill.
114. Herman [1981].
115. Groth [1979]).
116. See Rush (1980).
117. Herman (1981). Research also reveals that often the general public assumes that in cases of incest, the entire family is dysfunctional and the mother must be blameworthy if she knows on some level what is going on and does not intervene and/or is in denial of the situation
118. T. Trepper and M. J. Barrett, eds. [1986], Treating Incest: A Multiple Systems Perspective, New York: Haworth.
119. T. Toray, C. Coughlin, S. Vuchinich, and P. Patricelli (1991), "Gender Differences Associated with Adolescent Substance Abuse: Comparisons and Implications for Treatment," Family Relations 49 (3): 338-344.
120. See both of Judith Herman's books on this subject: (1992), Trauma and Recovery, New York: Basic Books;
121. (1981), Father-Daughter Incest, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
122. John Crewdson [1988], By Silence Betrayed: Sexual Abuse of Children in America, Boston: Little, Brown.
123. See Scully (1990).
124. See Rush (1980)
125. Katherine Brady (1979), Father's Days: A True Story of Incest, New York: Dell
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133. Herman (1981).
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143. Esteban Parra [2010], "Board Recommends Chance at Parole for Woman Who Killed Husband," News Journal, July 3, A1-2.
144. Kathleen Daly (2002), "Restorative Justice: The Real Story," Punishment and Society 4: 55.
145. Kathleen Daly (2006), "The Limits of Restorative Justice," in Dennis Sullivan and Larry Tifft, eds., Handbook of Restorative Justice: A Global Perspective, New York: Routledge, 134
146. A. Cretney and G. Davis (1995), Punishing Violence, London: Routledge, 178.
147. [1998], "The Past, Present, and Future of Restorative Justice: Some Critical Reflections," Contemporary Justice Review 1:32-33).
148. O'Hara (2006), 134-135.
149. Zehr (2002), 71.
150. [2004], "An Expansive Transformative View of Restorative Justice," Contemporary Justice Review 7 [1]: 134).
151. Paul A. Miler and Nancy Eisenberg (1988), "The Relation of Empathy to Aggressive and Externalizing/Antisocial Behavior," American Psychological Association 103 (3): 324-344
152. M. S. Umbreit, R. B. Coates, and A. Roberts (2000), "Impact of Victim-Offender Mediation: A Cross-National Perspective," Mediation Quarterly 17 (3): 215-226
153. Nancy Weinberg (1995), "Does Apologizing Help? The Role of Self-Blame and Making Amends in Recovery from Bereavement," Health and Social Work 20 (4): 194-300.
154. Cathy Spatz Widom (2000), "Motivation and Mechanisms in the 'Cycle of Violence,'" in David H. Hansen, ed., Motivation and Child Maltreatment, 1-38, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
155. Diane English, Cathy Spatz Widom, and Carol Brandford (2001), Childhood Victimization and Delinquency, Adult Criminality, and Violent Criminal Behavior, Final Report, NCJ 19221, Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
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158. Tom R. Tyler, Robert J. Boeckmann, Heather J. Smith, and Yuen J. Huo [1997], Social Justice in a Diverse Society, Boulder, CO: Westview.
159. Kathleen Daly (2006) Contends that victims perceived high levels of fairness, or procedural justice, in restorative justice studies in Australia, New Zealand, and England, which is attributed mostly to their active engagement with fashioning case outcomes rather than to evidence of restorativeness.
160. See Umbreit et al. (2003).
161. Kimberly J. Cook and Chris Powell [2006], "Emotionality, Rationality and Restorative Justice," in Walter S. DeKeseredy and Barbara Perry, eds., Advancing Critical Criminology: Theory and Application, 83-100, New York: Lexington, 93.
162. S. Williams [1988], "Modernity and the Emotions: Corporeal Reflections on the (Ir) rational," Sociology 32:747-769.
163. Beth Richie ([2001], "Challenges Incarcerated Women Face as They Return to Their Communities: Findings from Life History Interviews," Crime and Delinquency 47 [3]: 370
164. Kamala Mallik-Kane and Christy A. Visher [2008], Health and Prisoner Reentry: How Physical, Mental, and Substance Abuse Conditions Shape the Process of Reintegration, Washington, DC: Urban Institute
165. Jeremy Travis [2005], But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry, Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
166. See Daly (2002)
167. see also John Braithwaite (2007), "Encourage Restorative Justice," Criminology and Public Policy 6 (4): 689-696.
168. See Nils Christie (1977), "Conflicts as Property," British Journal of Criminology 17:1-15.
169. For instance, see Robert Elias (1993), Victims Still: The Political Manipulation of Crime Victims, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
170. For example, see E. Villmoare and V. Neto (1987), NIJ Research in Brief: Victim Appearances at Sentencing under California's Victims' Bill of Rights, NCJ 106774, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice
171. R. Davis, N. Henderson, and C. Rabbitt (2002), Effects of State Victim Rights Legislation on Local Criminal Justice Systems, New York: Vera Institute of Justice.
172. See Tobolowsky (1999).
173. J. Brienza (1999), "Crime Victims' Laws Sometimes Ignored," Trial 35:103-105
174. National Center for Victims of Crime (1999), "The NCVC Does Not Support the Current Language of the Proposed Crime Victims' Rights Constitutional Amendment," Arlington, VA: NCVC.
175. See Heather Strang (2002), Repair or Revenge: Victims and Restorative Justice, Oxford, UK: Clarendon.
176. See Braithwaite and Strang (2002).
177. See Daly (2002).
178. For examples of such programs, see James Ptacek's book: (2009), Restorative Justice and Violence against Women, New York: Oxford University Press.
179. (C. Q. Hopkins and M. P. Koss [2005], "Incorporating Feminist Theory and Insights into a Restorative Justice Response to Sex Offenses," Violence against Women 11 (5): 693-723).
180. Sharon Lamb (1996), The Trouble with Blame: Victims, Perpetrators, and Responsibility, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 161.
181. T. Marshall (2003), "Restorative Justice: An Overview," in Gerry Johnstone, ed., A Restorative Justice Reader, 28-45, Cullompton, UK: Willan
182. see also S. Curtis-Fawley and K. Daly (2005), "Gendered Violence and Restorative Justice: The Views of Victim Advocates," Violence against Women 11 (5): 603-638.
183. see Guy Masters and David Smith (1998), "Portia and Persephone Revisited: Thinking about Feeling in Criminal Justice," Theoretical Criminology 2 (1): 5-27.
184. Bruce Archibald and Jennifer Llewellyn [2006], "The Challenges of Institutionalizing Comprehensive Restorative Justice: Theory and Practice in Nova Scotia," Dalhousie Law Journal 29:297-343
185. see also J. Llewellyn and R. House [1998], Restorative Justice-A Conceptual Framework, Ottawa: Law Commission of Canada, 1-107.
186. G. Bazemore and M. S. Umbreit [2001], "A Comparison of Four Restorative Conferencing Models," Juvenile Justice Bulletin, February, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention).
187. L. Kurki (2000), "Restorative and Community Justice in the United States," in M. Tonry, ed., Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, 235-303, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
188. M. Kilchling and M. Loschnig-Gspandl [2000], "Legal and Practice Perspectives on Victim/Offender Mediation in Austria and Germany," International Review of Victimology 7:305-332).
189. Daly ([2006], "Restorative Justice and Sexual Assault: An Archival Study of Court and Conference Cases," British Journal of Criminology 46:334-356).
190. See Kurki (2000).
191. M. S. Umbreit and J. Greenwood (1999), "National Survey of VOM Programs in the U.S.," Mediation Quarterly 16:235-251.
192. Umbreit and Greenwood (1999).
193. M. Umbreit (1994), "Victim Empowerment through Mediation: The Impact of Victim Offender Mediation in Four Cities," Special Issue of Perspectives (American Probation and Parole Association), 25-28.
194. Jeff Latimer, Craig Dowden, and Danielle Muise (2005), "The Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Practices: A Meta-Analysis," Prison Journal 85 (2): 127-144;
195. Strang (2002);
196. Umbreit et al. (2003).
197. K. De Bues and Nancy Rodriguez (2007), "Restorative Justice Practice: An Examination of Program Completion and Recidivism," Journal of Criminal Justice 35 (3): 337-347
198. Nancy Rodriguez (2005), "Restorative Justice at Work: Examining the Impact of Restorative Justice Resolutions on Juvenile Recidivism," Crime and Delinquency 49:1-24
199. S. Truesdale (2005), "Family Bonding and Delinquency: A Multivariate Analysis Examining Minor and Serious Delinquency among United States Youth," Dissertation Abstracts International 65 (9): 3590-A
200. David Karp, Matthew Sweet, Andrew Kirshenbaum, and Gordon Bazemore (2004), "Reluctant Participants in Restorative Justice? Youthful Offenders and Their Parents," Contemporary Justice Review 7 (2): 199-216
201. M. S. Probanz (2001), "Using Protective Factors to Enhance the Prediction of Negative Short-Term Outcomes of First-Time Juvenile Offenders," Dissertation Abstracts International 62 (5): 1948-A
202. William R. Nugent, Mark S. Umbreit, Lizabeth Wiinamaki, and Jeff Paddock (2001), "Participation in Victim-Offender Mediation and Reoffense: Successful Replications?" Research on Social Work Practices 11 (1): 5-23
203. Morgan Reynolds (2001), "Restorative Justice, American Style," Intellectual Ammunition (Heartland Institute), March/April
204. J. Katz (2000), Victim Offender Mediation in Missouri's Juvenile Courts: Accountability, Restitution, and Transformation, Jefferson City: Missouri Department of Public Safety
205. M. S. Umbreit (1995), "Restorative Justice through Mediation: The Impact of Offenders Facing Their Victims in Oakland," Journal of Law and Social Work 5 (1): 1-13.
206. Mark S. Umbreit, B. Vos, R. B. Coates, and M. Armour (2006), "Victims of Severe Violence in Mediated Dialogue with Offender: The Impact of the First Multi-site Study in the U.S." International Review of Victimology 13 (1): 27-48.
207. Zehr (2002).
208. D. Dyck (2006), "Reaching toward a Structurally Responsive Training and Practice of Restorative Justice," in D. Sullivan and L. Tift, eds., Handbook of Restorative Justice, 527-545, New York: Routledge
209. see also L. Presser and E. Gaardner (2004), "Can Restorative Justice Reduce Battering?" in B. R. Price and N. J. Sokoloff, eds., The Criminal Justice System and Women, 403-418, New York: McGraw-Hill.
210. Kathleen Daly and Julie Stubbs (2006), "Feminist Engagement with Restorative Justice," Theoretical Criminology 10 (1): 9-28.
211. Rashmi Goel (2005), "Sita's Trousseau: Restorative Justice, Domestic Violence, and South Asian Culture," Violence against Women 11 (5): 639-665.
212. Kimberly J. Cook (2006), "Doing Difference and Accountability in Restorative Justice Conferences," Theoretical Criminology 10 (1): 107-124.
213. Cook (2006), 121
214. see also John Braithwaite and Stephen Mugford (1994), "Conditions of Reintegration Ceremonies: Dealing with Juvenile Offenders," British Journal of Criminology 34 (2): 139-171.
215. Donna Coker (2006), "Restorative Justice, Navajo Peacemaking and Domestic Violence," Violence against Women 10 (1): 67-85 (quotation on p. 69).
216. See Daly (2002)
217. K. Daly and H. Hayes (2003), "Youth Justice Conferencing and Re-offending," Justice Quarterly 20 (4): 725-264
218. Stubbs (2002).
219. Hopkins and Koss (2005).
220. Umbreit et al. (2003).
221. Mary P. Koss (2000), "Blame, Shame and Community: Justice Responses to Violence against Women," American Psychologist 55 (11): 1332-1343
222. Mary P. Koss, Karen Bachar, and C. Quince Hopkins (2003a), "Restorative Justice for Sexual Violence: Repairing Victims, Building Community, and Holding Offenders Accountable," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 989:384-396
223. Mary P. Koss, Karen Bachar, and C. Quince Hopkins (2003b), "Expanding a Community's Justice Response to Sex Crimes through Advocacy, Prosecutorial, and Public Health Collaboration: Introducing the RESTORE Program," Journal of Interpersonal Violence 19:1435-1463;
224. Hopkins and Koss (2005).
225. Hopkins and Koss (2005), 696.
226. see Jo-Anne Wemmers (2002), "Restorative Justice for Victims of Crime: A Victim-Oriented Approach to Restorative Justice," International Review of Victimology 9:43-59.
227. Hopkins and Koss (2005), 697.
228. See Stubbs (2002).
229. Hopkins and Koss (2005), 709.
230. See H. Astor (1991), "Mediation and Violence against Women," paper prepared for the National Committee on Violence Against Women, available from Violence Against Women and Legal Matters Section of the Office of the Status of Women, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, 3-5 National Circuit, Barton, Australia
231. H. Astor (1994), "Swimming against the Tide: Keeping Violent Men Out of Mediation," in J. Stubbs, ed., Women, Male Violence, and the Law, 147-173, Sydney, Australia: Institute of Criminology.
232. See also Strang and Braithwaite (2002).
233. J. Davies, E. Lyon, and D. Monti-Catania, (1998), Safety Planning with Battered Women: Complex Lives, Difficult Choices, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 33.
234. Stubbs (2002), 45.
235. See Adam Crawford and Todd Clear (2001), "Community Justice: Transforming Communities through Restorative Justice?" in G. Bazemore and M. Schiff, eds., Restorative Community Justice: Repairing Harm and Transforming Communities, 101-126, Cincinnati, OH: Anderson
236. as discussed in Stubbs (2002), 54.
237. Richard Tolman (1996), "Expanding Sanctions for Batterers: What Can We Do Besides Jailing and Counseling Them?" in J. Edleson and Z. Eisikovitz, eds., Future Interventions with Battered Women and Their Families, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
238. Mildred Pagelow (1981), Woman Battering: Victims and Their Experiences, Newbury Park, CA: Sage; Stubbs (2002).
239. Stubbs (2002).
240. W. Stewart, A. Huntley, and F. Blaney (2001), The Implications of Restorative Justice for Aboriginal Women and Children Survivors of Violence: A Comparative Overview of Five Communities in British Columbia, Ottawa, Ontario: Law Commission of Canada.
241. Julie Stubbs (2004), "Restorative Justice, Domestic Violence and Family Violence," Australian Domestic and Family Violence Clearinghouse, Issues Paper 9, http://www.austdvclearinghouse.unsw.edu.au/PDF%20files/Issues_Paper_9.pdf.
242. N. Johnson, D. Saccuzzo, and W. Koen (2005), "Child Custody Mediation in Cases of Domestic Violence: Empirical Evidence of a Failure to Protect," Violence against Women 11 (8): 1022-1059.
243. See L. Newmark, A. Harrell, and R. Salem (1995), "Domestic Violence and Empowerment in Custody and Vindication Cases," Family and Conciliation Courts Review 33 (1): 30-62.
244. Aileen Cheon and Cheryl Regehr (2006), "Restorative Justice Models in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence: Reviewing the Evidence," Victims and Offenders 1:369-394.
245. See L. Feder and L. Dugan (2002), "A Test of the Efficacy of Court-Mandated Counseling for Domestic Violence Offenders: The Broward Experiment," Justice Quarterly 19 (2): 343-375
246. Hooper and Busch (1996).
247. Koss et al. (2003a, 2003b)
248. Shirley Julich (2006), "Views of Justice among Survivors of Historical Child Sexual Abuse: Implications for Restorative Justice in New Zealand," Theoretical Criminology 10 (1): 125-138.
249. Hopkins and Koss (2005).
250. See Kay Pranis (2002), "Restorative Values and Confronting Family Violence," in H. Strang and J. Braithwaite, eds., Restorative Justice and Family Violence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
251. See work by J. Pennell and G. Burford (2000a), "Family Group Decision Making: Protecting Children and Women," Child Welfare 79:131-158
252. J. Pennell and G. Burford (2000b), "Family Group Decision Making and Family Violence," in G. Burford and J. Hudson, eds., Family Group Conferences: New Directions in Community-Centered Child and Family Practice, 171-185, Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter
253. J. Pennell and S. Francis (2005), "Safety Conferencing: Toward a Coordinated and Inclusive Response to Safeguard Women and Children," Violence against Women 11:666-692.
254. See Michael Q. Patton (2002), Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods, 3rd ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 46.
255. For example, see Saundra D. Westervelt and Kimberly J. Cook ([2007], "Feminist Research Methods in Theory and Action: Learning from Death Row Exonerees," in Susan L. Miller, ed., Criminal Justice Research and Practice: Diverse Voices from the Field, 38-54, Boston: Northeastern University Press).
256. Patton (2002), 504.
257. Patton (2002), 226.
258. Patton (2002), 437.
259. See Clifford Geertz (1973), The Interpretation of Cultures, New York: Basic Books, 412-453
260. Norman K. Denzin (2001), Interpretive Interactionism, 2nd ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
261. Norman K. Denzin (1989), Interpretive Interactionism, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 83.
262. John Lofland and Lyn H. Lofland (1995), Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 79-88.
263. Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss (1967), The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Chicago: Aldine.
264. Patton (2002), 235.
265. see also J. Brewer and A. Hunter (1989), Multimethod Research: A Synthesis of Styles, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
266. For further reading about qualitative methodology and triangulation, see Bruce L. Berg (2007), Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences, 6th ed., Boston: Pearson.
267. Patton (2002), 293
268. see also Michael R. Hill (1993), Archival Strategies and Techniques: Analytical Field Research, Qualitative Research Methods Series 31, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
269. See Patton (2002), 261-264.
270. Lois Presser ([2008], Been a Heavy Life: Stories of Violent Men, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 7).
271. see also L. Presser (2009), "The Narratives of Offenders," Theoretical Criminology 13 (2): 177-200.
272. Nine Lives: Adolescent Masculinities, the Body and Violence, Boulder, CO: Westview
273. [2004], Flesh and Blood: Adolescent Gender Diversity and Violence, Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield).
274. See Anselm L. Strauss and Juliet Corbin (1998), Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 2nd ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 223.
275. See Lofland and Lofland (1995).
276. Patton (2002), 438.
277. see Glaser and Strauss (1967).
278. Strauss and Corbin (1998), 22.
279. Denzin (1989).
280. See Kathleen Daly (2008), "Girls, Peer Violence, and Restorative Justice," Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology 41 (1): 109-137.