메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 490-500

Perioperative epidural or intravenous ketamine does not improve the effectiveness of thoracic epidural analgesia for acute and chronic pain after thoracotomy

Author keywords

Hyperalgesia; Persistent postsurgical pain; Plasma ketamine levels; Quantitative Sensory Testing; Racemic ketamine; Thoracic epidural analgesia; Thoracotomy

Indexed keywords

FENTANYL; KETAMINE; ROPIVACAINE; ANALGESIC AGENT;

EID: 84900544850     PISSN: 07498047     EISSN: 15365409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (36)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 84884249156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent post-surgical pain following anterior thoracotomy for lung cancer: A cross-sectional study of prevalence, characteristics and interference with functioning
    • Grosen K, Laue Petersen G, Pfeiffer-Jensen M, et al. Persistent post-surgical pain following anterior thoracotomy for lung cancer: A cross-sectional study of prevalence, characteristics and interference with functioning. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;43:95-103.
    • (2013) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.43 , pp. 95-103
    • Grosen, K.1    Laue Petersen, G.2    Pfeiffer-Jensen, M.3
  • 2
    • 33646111455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A questionnaire study investigating the prevalence of the neuropathic component of chronic pain after thor acic surgery
    • Maguire MF, Ravenscroft A, Beggs D, et al. A questionnaire study investigating the prevalence of the neuropathic component of chronic pain after thor acic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006;29:800-805.
    • (2006) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.29 , pp. 800-805
    • Maguire, M.F.1    Ravenscroft, A.2    Beggs, D.3
  • 3
    • 67349119884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic post-thoracotomy pain: A critical review of pathogenic mechanisms and strategies for prevention
    • Wildgaard K, Ravn J, Kehlet H. Chronic post-thoracotomy pain: A critical review of pathogenic mechanisms and strategies for prevention. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2009;36:170-180.
    • (2009) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.36 , pp. 170-180
    • Wildgaard, K.1    Ravn, J.2    Kehlet, H.3
  • 4
    • 0036172401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary findings in the neurophysiological assessment of intercostal nerve injury during thoracotomy
    • Rogers ML, Henderson L, Mahajan RP, et al. Preliminary findings in the neurophysiological assessment of intercostal nerve injury during thoracotomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002;21:298-301.
    • (2002) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.21 , pp. 298-301
    • Rogers, M.L.1    Henderson, L.2    Mahajan, R.P.3
  • 5
    • 33645530741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing and treating pain after thoracic surgery
    • Gottschalk A,Cohen SP,Yang S,et al, Preventing and treating pain after thoracic surgery, Anesthesiology,2006,104, 594-600.
    • (2006) Anesthesiology , vol.104 , pp. 594-600
    • Gottschalk, A.1    Cohen, S.P.2    Yang, S.3
  • 6
    • 26244446561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative epidural analgesia combined with ketamine provides effective preventive analgesia in patients undergoing major digestive surgery
    • Lavand? homme P, De Kock M, Waterloos H. Intraoperative epidural analgesia combined with ketamine provides effective preventive analgesia in patients undergoing major digestive surgery. Anesthesiology. 2005;103:813-820.
    • (2005) Anesthesiology , vol.103 , pp. 813-820
    • Lavand Homme, P.1    De Kock, M.2    Waterloos, H.3
  • 7
    • 0029929541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute pain after thoracic surgery predicts long-term post-thoracotomy pain
    • Katz J, Jackson M, Kavanagh BP, et al. Acute pain after thoracic surgery predicts long-term post-thoracotomy pain. Clin J Pain. 1996;12:50-55.
    • (1996) Clin J Pain , vol.12 , pp. 50-55
    • Katz, J.1    Jackson, M.2    Kavanagh, B.P.3
  • 8
    • 77950859330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive risk factors for persistent postherniotomy pain
    • Aasvang EK, Gmaehle E, Hansen JB, et al. Predictive risk factors for persistent postherniotomy pain. Anesthesiology. 2010;112:957-969.
    • (2010) Anesthesiology , vol.112 , pp. 957-969
    • Aasvang, E.K.1    Gmaehle, E.2    Hansen, J.B.3
  • 9
    • 33646344701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent postsurgical pain: Risk factors and prevention
    • Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ. Persistent postsurgical pain: Risk factors and prevention. Lancet. 2006;367:1618-1625.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 1618-1625
    • Kehlet, H.1    Jensen, T.S.2    Woolf, C.J.3
  • 11
    • 33847720955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain relief after thoracotomy is epidural analgesia the optimal technique
    • Swanevelder J. Pain relief after thoracotomy: Is epidural analgesia the optimal technique Br J Anaesth. 2007;98:159-162.
    • (2007) Br J Anaesth , vol.98 , pp. 159-162
    • Swanevelder, J.1
  • 12
    • 20444459753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of NMDA receptor phosphorylation of the spinal dorsal horn and nucleus gracilis neurons in neuropathic rats
    • Gao X, Kim HK, Chung JM, et al. Enhancement of NMDA receptor phosphorylation of the spinal dorsal horn and nucleus gracilis neurons in neuropathic rats. Pain. 2005;116:62-72.
    • (2005) Pain , vol.116 , pp. 62-72
    • Gao, X.1    Kim, H.K.2    Chung, J.M.3
  • 13
    • 0027466924 scopus 로고
    • Intra thecal treatment with dextrorphan or ketamine potently reduces pain-related behaviors in a rat model of peripheral mononeuropathy
    • Mao J, Price DD, Hayes RL, et al. Intra thecal treatment with dextrorphan or ketamine potently reduces pain-related behaviors in a rat model of peripheral mononeuropathy. Brain Res. 1993;605:164-168.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.605 , pp. 164-168
    • Mao, J.1    Price, D.D.2    Hayes, R.L.3
  • 14
    • 0035065337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of MK-801, ketamine and memantine on responses of spinal dorsal horn neurones in a rat model of mononeuropathy
    • Suzuki R, Matthews EA, Dickenson AH. Comparison of the effects of MK-801, ketamine and memantine on responses of spinal dorsal horn neurones in a rat model of mononeuropathy. Pain. 2001;91:101-109.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.91 , pp. 101-109
    • Suzuki, R.1    Matthews, E.A.2    Dickenson, A.H.3
  • 15
    • 11044227346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine and postoperative pain-A quantitative systematic review of randomised trials
    • Elia N, Tramè r MR. Ketamine and postoperative pain-A quantitative systematic review of randomised trials. Pain. 2005;113:61-70.
    • (2005) Pain , vol.113 , pp. 61-70
    • Elia, N.1    Tramer, M.R.2
  • 16
    • 0032980878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use and efficacy of low-dose ketamine in the management of acute postoperative pain: A review of current techniques and outcomes
    • Ho-Geol R, Schmid RL, Sandler AN, et al. Use and efficacy of low-dose ketamine in the management of acute postoperative pain: A review of current techniques and outcomes. Pain. 1999;82:111-125.
    • (1999) Pain , vol.82 , pp. 111-125
    • Ho-Geol, R.1    Schmid, R.L.2    Sandler, A.N.3
  • 17
    • 0033124206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-thoracotomy analgesia and perioperative outcome
    • Sandler AN. Post-thoracotomy analgesia and perioperative outcome. Minerva Anestesiol. 1999;65:267-274.
    • (1999) Minerva Anestesiol , vol.65 , pp. 267-274
    • Sandler, A.N.1
  • 18
    • 79954884852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preemptive lowdose epidural ketamine for preventing chronic postthoracotomy pain: A prospective, double -blinded, randomized, clinical trial
    • Chul-Joong L, Young-Tae K, Jae-Hyon B. Preemptive lowdose epidural ketamine for preventing chronic postthoracotomy pain: A prospective, double -blinded, randomized, clinical trial. Clin J Pain. 2011;27:304-308.
    • (2011) Clin J Pain , vol.27 , pp. 304-308
    • Chul-Joong, L.1    Young-Tae, K.2    Jae-Hyon, B.3
  • 19
    • 84864461322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S+ -ketamine for control of perioperative pain and prevention of post thoracotomy pain syndrome: A randomized, double-blind study
    • Mendola C, Cammarota G, Netto R, et al. S+ -ketamine for control of perioperative pain and prevention of post thoracotomy pain syndrome: A randomized, double-blind study. Minerva Anestesiol. 2012;78:757-766.
    • (2012) Minerva Anestesiol , vol.78 , pp. 757-766
    • Mendola, C.1    Cammarota, G.2    Netto, R.3
  • 20
    • 84856250308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of epidural ketamine for postoperative analgesia after upper abdominal surgery
    • Sethi M, Sethi N, Jain P. Role of epidural ketamine for postoperative analgesia after upper abdominal surgery. Indian J Anaesth. 2011;55:141-145.
    • (2011) Indian J Anaesth , vol.55 , pp. 141-145
    • Sethi, M.1    Sethi, N.2    Jain, P.3
  • 21
    • 84864764004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of epidural and intrathecal opioids used in the management of postoperative pain
    • Bujedo BM, Santos SG, Azpiazu AU. A review of epidural and intrathecal opioids used in the management of postoperative pain. J Opioid Manag. 2012;8:177-192.
    • (2012) J Opioid Manag , vol.8 , pp. 177-192
    • Bujedo, B.M.1    Santos, S.G.2    Azpiazu, A.U.3
  • 22
    • 12144288164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory
    • Bouhassiraa D, Attala N, Fermanianc J, et al. Development and validation of the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory. Pain. 2004;108:248-257.
    • (2004) Pain , vol.108 , pp. 248-257
    • Bouhassiraa, D.1    Attala, N.2    Fermanianc, J.3
  • 23
    • 0029584617 scopus 로고
    • The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation
    • Sullivan MJL, Bishop S, Pivik J. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1995;7: 432-524.
    • (1995) Psychol Assess , vol.7 , pp. 432-524
    • Sullivan, M.J.L.1    Bishop, S.2    Pivik, J.3
  • 24
    • 0242668722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative sensory testing and human surgery: Effects of analgesic management on postoperative neuroplasticity
    • Wilder-Smith OH, Tassonyi E, Crul BJ, et al. Quantitative sensory testing and human surgery: Effects of analgesic management on postoperative neuroplasticity. Anesthesiology. 2003;98:1214-1222.
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.98 , pp. 1214-1222
    • Wilder-Smith, O.H.1    Tassonyi, E.2    Crul, B.J.3
  • 25
    • 0030661767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping of punctuate hyperalgesia around a surgical incision demonstrates that ketamine is a powerful suppressor of central sensitization to pain following surgery
    • Stubhaug A, Breivik H, Eide PK, et al. Mapping of punctuate hyperalgesia around a surgical incision demonstrates that ketamine is a powerful suppressor of central sensitization to pain following surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997;41: 1124-1132.
    • (1997) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.41 , pp. 1124-1132
    • Stubhaug, A.1    Breivik, H.2    Eide, P.K.3
  • 26
    • 27444438595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of a von Frey device for evaluation of the antinociceptive effects of morphine and its application in pharmacodynamic modeling of morphine in dogs
    • KuKanich B, Lascelles BD, Papich MG. Assessment of a von Frey device for evaluation of the antinociceptive effects of morphine and its application in pharmacodynamic modeling of morphine in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2005;66 :1616-1622.
    • (2005) Am J Vet Res , vol.66 , pp. 1616-1622
    • Kukanich, B.1    Lascelles, B.D.2    Papich, M.G.3
  • 27
    • 84859639690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of electronic von frey and von frey monofilaments testing
    • Tena B, Escobar B, Arguis MJ, et al. Reproducibility of Electronic Von Frey and Von Frey monofilaments testing. Clin J Pain. 2012;28:318-323.
    • (2012) Clin J Pain , vol.28 , pp. 318-323
    • Tena, B.1    Escobar, B.2    Arguis, M.J.3
  • 28
    • 0033795027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine (a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist) in the treatment of neuropathic pain after amputation or surgery: A randomized, double-blinded, cross over study
    • Ni kolajsen L, Gottrup H, Kristensen A, et al. Memantine (a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist) in the treatment of neuropathic pain after amputation or surgery: A randomized, double-blinded, cross over study. Anesth Analg. 20 00;91: 960-966.
    • (2000) Anesth Analg , vol.91 , pp. 960-966
    • Nikolajsen, L.1    Gottrup, H.2    Kristensen, A.3
  • 29
    • 27644568268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the potentiation of the analgesic effects of fentanyl by ketamine in humans: A double-blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study of experimental pain
    • Tucker AP, Kim YI, Nadeson R, et al. Investigation of the potentiation of the analgesic effects of fentanyl by ketamine in humans: A double-blinded, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study of experimental pain. BMC Anesthesiol. 2005;5:2-14.
    • (2005) BMC Anesthesiol , vol.5 , pp. 2-14
    • Tucker, A.P.1    Kim, Y.I.2    Nadeson, R.3
  • 30
    • 80052691562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of chronic pain after thoracotomy: A 1-year prevalence study
    • Mongardon N, Pinton-Gonnet C, Szekely B, et al. Assessment of chronic pain after thoracotomy: A 1-year prevalence study. Clin J Pain. 2011;27:677-681.
    • (2011) Clin J Pain , vol.27 , pp. 677-681
    • Mongardon, N.1    Pinton-Gonnet, C.2    Szekely, B.3
  • 31
    • 84855855383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological characterization of persistent postthoracotomy pain
    • Wildgaard K, Ringsted TK, Aasvang EK, et al. Neurophysiological characterization of persistent postthoracotomy pain. Clin J Pain. 2012;28:136-142.
    • (2012) Clin J Pain , vol.28 , pp. 136-142
    • Wildgaard, K.1    Ringsted, T.K.2    Aasvang, E.K.3
  • 32
    • 33645511866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effect of ketamine and lidocaine on spontaneous and mechanical evoked pain in patients with nerve injury pain
    • Gott rup H, Bach FW, Juhl G, et al. Differential effect of ketamine and lidocaine on spontaneous and mechanical evoked pain in patients with nerve injury pain. Anesthesiology. 2006;104:527-536.
    • (2006) Anesthesiology , vol.104 , pp. 527-536
    • Gottrup, H.1    Bach, F.W.2    Juhl, G.3
  • 33
    • 33646549893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study exploring the role of intercostal nerve damage in chronic pain after thoracic surgery
    • Ma guire MF, Latter JA, Mahajan R, et al. A study exploring the role of intercostal nerve damage in chronic pain after thoracic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006;29:873-879.
    • (2006) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.29 , pp. 873-879
    • Maguire, M.F.1    Latter, J.A.2    Mahajan, R.3
  • 34
    • 6444234168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a new animal model for evaluation of persistent postthoracotomy pain
    • Buvanendran A, Kroin JS, Kerns JM, et al. Characterization of a new animal model for evaluation of persistent postthoracotomy pain. Anesth Analg. 2004;99:1453-1460.
    • (2004) Anesth Analg , vol.99 , pp. 1453-1460
    • Buvanendran, A.1    Kroin, J.S.2    Kerns, J.M.3
  • 35
    • 79954884852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preemptive low-dose epidural ketamine for preventing chronic postthoracotomy pain: A prospective, double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial
    • Ho-Geol R, Chul-Joong L, Young-Ta e K, et al. Preemptive low-dose epidural ketamine for preventing chronic postthoracotomy pain: A prospective, double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial. Clin J Pain. 2011;27:304-308.
    • (2011) Clin J Pain , vol.27 , pp. 304-308
    • Ho-Geol, R.1    Chul-Joong, L.2    Young-Tae, K.3
  • 36
    • 38749092640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised double blind trial of the effect of pre-emptive epidural ketamine on persistent pain after lower limb amputation
    • Wilson JA, Nimmo AF, Fleetwood-Walker SM, et al. A randomised double blind trial of the effect of pre-emptive epidural ketamine on persistent pain after lower limb amputation. Pain. 2008;135:108-118.
    • (2008) Pain , vol.135 , pp. 108-118
    • Wilson, J.A.1    Nimmo, A.F.2    Fleetwood-Walker, S.M.3
  • 37
    • 0037385887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute pain management for patients undergoing thoracotomy
    • Soto RG, Fu ES. Acute pain management for patients undergoing thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75: 1349-1357.
    • (2003) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.75 , pp. 1349-1357
    • Soto, R.G.1    Fu, E.S.2
  • 38
    • 0034625770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal plasticity: Increasing the gain in pain
    • Woolf CJ, Salter MW. Neuronal plasticity: Increasing the gain in pain. Science. 2000;288:1765-1769.
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 1765-1769
    • Woolf, C.J.1    Salter, M.W.2
  • 39
    • 0025980364 scopus 로고
    • Neurokinin and NMDA antagonists (but not a kainic acid antagonist) are antinociceptive in the mouse formalin model
    • Murray CW, Cowan A, Larson AA. Neurokinin and NMDA antagonists (but not a kainic acid antagonist) are antinociceptive in the mouse formalin model. Pain. 1991;44:179-185.
    • (1991) Pain , vol.44 , pp. 179-185
    • Murray, C.W.1    Cowan, A.2    Larson, A.A.3
  • 40
    • 70350731773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative sensory testing in measurement of neuropathic pain phenomena and other sensory abnormalities
    • Backonja MM, Walk D, Edwards RR, et al. Quantitative sensory testing in measurement of neuropathic pain phenomena and other sensory abnormalities. Clin J Pain. 2009;25: 641-647.
    • (2009) Clin J Pain , vol.25 , pp. 641-647
    • Backonja, M.M.1    Walk, D.2    Edwards, R.R.3
  • 41
    • 33745294656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative sensory testing in the german research network on neuropathic pain (DFNS): Standardized protocol and reference values
    • Rolke R, Baron R, Maier C, et al. Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): Standardized protocol and reference values. Pain. 2006;123:231-243.
    • (2006) Pain , vol.123 , pp. 231-243
    • Rolke, R.1    Baron, R.2    Maier, C.3
  • 42
    • 77956462639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditioned pain modulation (the diffuse noxious inhibitory control-like effect): Its relevance for acute and chronic pain states
    • Yarnitsky D. Conditioned pain modulation (the diffuse noxious inhibitory control-like effect): Its relevance for acute and chronic pain states. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2010;23: 611-615.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Anaesthesiol , vol.23 , pp. 611-615
    • Yarnitsky, D.1
  • 43
    • 78651232062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread mechanical pain hypersensitivity as a sign of central sensitization after breast cancer surgery: Comparison between mastectomy and lumpectomy
    • Ferná ndez-Lao C, Cantarero-Villanueva I, Ferná ndez-de-las- Pen? as C, et al. Widespread mechanical pain hypersensitivity as a sign of central sensitization after breast cancer surgery: Comparison between mastectomy and lumpectomy. Pain Med. 2011;12:72-78.
    • (2011) Pain Med , vol.12 , pp. 72-78
    • Fernandez-Lao, C.1    Cantarero-Villanueva, I.2    Fernandez-De-Las-Penas, C.3
  • 44
    • 42149156797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contralateral neuropathic pain following a surgical model of unilateral nerve injury in rats
    • Arguis MJ, Perez J, Martínez G, et al. Contralateral neuropathic pain following a surgical model of unilateral nerve injury in rats. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2008;33:211-216.
    • (2008) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.33 , pp. 211-216
    • Arguis, M.J.1    Perez, J.2    Martinez, G.3
  • 45
    • 67649515522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we predict persistent postoperative pain by testing preoperative experimental pain
    • Granot M. Can we predict persistent postoperative pain by testing preoperative experimental pain Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2009;22:425-430.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Anaesthesiol , vol.22 , pp. 425-430
    • Granot, M.1
  • 46
    • 81855183871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanosensitivity before and after hysterectomy: A prospective study on the prediction of acute and chronic postoperative pain
    • Brandsborg B, Dueholm M, Kehlet H, et al. Mechanosensitivity before and after hysterectomy: A prospective study on the prediction of acute and chronic postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth. 2011;107:940-947.
    • (2011) Br J Anaesth , vol.107 , pp. 940-947
    • Brandsborg, B.1    Dueholm, M.2    Kehlet, H.3
  • 47
    • 0034485556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between mechanical sensitivity and postamputation pain: A prospective study
    • Nikolajsen L, I lkjaer S, Jensen TS. Relationship between mechanical sensitivity and postamputation pain: A prospective study. Eur J Pain. 2000;4:327-334.
    • (2000) Eur J Pain , vol.4 , pp. 327-334
    • Nikolajsen, L.1    Ilkjaer, S.2    Jensen, T.S.3
  • 48
    • 80755182356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of intravenous ketamine for postoperative analgesia
    • Laskowski K,Stirling A,Mc Kay W,et al. A systematic review of intravenous ketamine for postoperative analgesia , Can J Anesth ,2011,58, 911-923.
    • (2011) Can J Anesth , vol.58 , pp. 911-923
    • Laskowski, K.1    Stirling, A.2    Mc Kay, W.3
  • 49
    • 77949395183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adding ketamine to morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for acute postoperative pain: A qualitative review of randomized trials
    • Carstensen M, Mø ller AM. Adding ketamine to morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for acute postoperative pain: A qualitative review of randomized trials. Br J Anaesth. 2010;104:401-406.
    • (2010) Br J Anaesth , vol.104 , pp. 401-406
    • Carstensen, M.1    Møller, A.M.2
  • 50
    • 38449103314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-incisional epidural ropivacaine, suf entanil, clonidine, and (S)+ -ketamine does not provide pre-emptive analgesia in patients undergoing major pancreatic surgery
    • Gottschalk A, Freitag M, Steinacker E, et al. Pre-incisional epidural ropivacaine, suf entanil, clonidine, and (S)+ -ketamine does not provide pre-emptive analgesia in patients undergoing major pancreatic surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2008; 100:36-41.
    • (2008) Br J Anaesth , vol.100 , pp. 36-41
    • Gottschalk, A.1    Freitag, M.2    Steinacker, E.3
  • 51
    • 79954884852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pr eemptive low-dose epidural ketamine for preventing chronic postthoracotomy pain: A prospective, double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial
    • Ryu HG, Lee CJ, Kim YT, et al. Pr eemptive low-dose epidural ketamine for preventing chronic postthoracotomy pain: A prospective, double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial. Clin J Pain. 2011;27:304-308.
    • (2011) Clin J Pain , vol.27 , pp. 304-308
    • Ryu, H.G.1    Lee, C.J.2    Kim, Y.T.3
  • 52
    • 4444243328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pre-emptive ketamine on sensory changes and postoperative pain after thoracotomy: Comparison of epidural and intramuscular routes
    • Ozyalcin NS, Yucel A, Camlica H, et al. Effect of pre-emptive ketamine on sensory changes and postoperative pain after thoracotomy: Comparison of epidural and intramuscular routes. Br J Anaesth. 2004;93:356-361.
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.93 , pp. 356-361
    • Ozyalcin, N.S.1    Yucel, A.2    Camlica, H.3
  • 53
    • 33947607998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical role of NMDA receptor antagonists for the treatment of postoperative pain
    • De Kock MF, Lavand?homme PM. The clinical role of NMDA receptor antagonists for the treatment of postoperative pain. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2007; 21:85-98.
    • (2007) Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol , vol.21 , pp. 85-98
    • De Kock, M.F.1    Lavandhomme, P.M.2
  • 54
    • 33748124596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of canine meninges after repeated epidural injection of S(+) ?ketamine
    • Acosta A, Gomar C, Bomb ́ JA, et al. Ultrastructure of canine meninges after repeated epidural injection of S(+) -ketamine. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2006;31:438-444.
    • (2006) Reg Anesth Pain Med , vol.31 , pp. 438-444
    • Acosta, A.1    Gomar, C.2    Bomb, J.A.3
  • 55
    • 0034578867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural toxicity of ketamine and other NMDA antagonists
    • De Lima J, Beggs S, Howard R. Neural toxicity of ketamine and other NMDA antagonists. Pain. 2000;88:311-312.
    • (2000) Pain , vol.88 , pp. 311-312
    • De Lima, J.1    Beggs, S.2    Howard, R.3
  • 56
    • 0028303717 scopus 로고
    • Histopathology after repeated intrathecal injections of preservative-free ketamine in the rabbit: A light and elec tron microscopic examination
    • Borgbjerg FM, Svensson BA, Frigast C, et al. Histopathology after repeated intrathecal injections of preservative-free ketamine in the rabbit: A light and elec tron microscopic examination. Anesth Analg. 1994;79:105-111.
    • (1994) Anesth Analg , vol.79 , pp. 105-111
    • Borgbjerg, F.M.1    Svensson, B.A.2    Frigast, C.3
  • 57
    • 33749167722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe toxic damage to the rabbit spinal cord after intrathecal administration of preservative-free S(+) -ketamine
    • Vranken JH, Troost D, de Haan P, et al. Severe toxic damage to the rabbit spinal cord after intrathecal administration of preservative-free S(+) -ketamine. Anesthesiology. 2006;105: 813-818.
    • (2006) Anesthesiology , vol.105 , pp. 813-818
    • Vranken, J.H.1    Troost, D.2    De Haan, P.3
  • 58
    • 0034757520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative epidural ketamine in combination with morphine does not have a clinically relevant intra- and postoperative opioidsparing effect
    • Subramaniam B, Subramaniam K, Pawar DK, et al. Preoperative epidural ketamine in combination with morphine does not have a clinically relevant intra- and postoperative opioidsparing effect. Anesth Analg. 2001;93:1321-1326.
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.93 , pp. 1321-1326
    • Subramaniam, B.1    Subramaniam, K.2    Pawar, D.K.3
  • 60
    • 44649105730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative ketamine administration decreases morphine consumption in major abdominal surgery: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study
    • Zakine J, Samarcq D, Lorne E, et al. Postoperative ketamine administration decreases morphine consumption in major abdominal surgery: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2008;106:1856-1861.
    • (2008) Anesth Analg , vol.106 , pp. 1856-1861
    • Zakine, J.1    Samarcq, D.2    Lorne, E.3
  • 61
    • 0032980878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use and efficacy of low-dose ketamine in the management of acute postoperative pain: A review of current techniques and outcomes
    • S chmid RL, Sandler AN, Katz J. Use and efficacy of low-dose ketamine in the management of acute postoperative pain: A review of current techniques and outcomes. Pain. 1999;82: 111-125.
    • (1999) Pain , vol.82 , pp. 111-125
    • Schmid, R.L.1    Sandler, A.N.2    Katz, J.3
  • 62
    • 0019391698 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effect of ketamine in man
    • Clements JA , Nimmo WS. Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effect of ketamine in man. Br J Anaesth. 1981;53:27-30.
    • (1981) Br J Anaesth , vol.53 , pp. 27-30
    • Clements, J.A.1    Nimmo, W.S.2
  • 63
    • 0032848429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postoperative analgesia with I.V. Patient controlled morphine: Effect of adding ketamine
    • Adriaenssens G, Vermeyen KM, Hoffmann VL, et al. Postoperative analgesia with i.v. patient controlled morphine: Effect of adding ketamine. Br J Anaesth. 1999;83:393-396.
    • (1999) Br J Anaesth , vol.83 , pp. 393-396
    • Adriaenssens, G.1    Vermeyen, K.M.2    Hoffmann, V.L.3
  • 64
    • 0036139161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration-effect relationships for intravenous alfentanil an d ketamine infusions in human volunteers: Effects on acute thresholds and capsaicinevoked hyperpathia
    • Wallace MS, Ridgeway B, Leung A, et al. Concentration-effect relationships for intravenous alfentanil an d ketamine infusions in human volunteers: Effects on acute thresholds and capsaicinevoked hyperpathia. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42:70-80.
    • (2002) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.42 , pp. 70-80
    • Wallace, M.S.1    Ridgeway, B.2    Leung, A.3
  • 65
    • 0035056590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration-e ffect relationship of intravenous alfentanil and ketamine on peripheral neurosensory thresholds, allodynia and hyperalgesia of neuropathic pain
    • Leung A, Wallace MS, Ridgeway B, et al. Concentration-e ffect relationship of intravenous alfentanil and ketamine on peripheral neurosensory thresholds, allodynia and hyperalgesia of neuropathic pain. Pain. 2001;91:177-187.
    • (2001) Pain , vol.91 , pp. 177-187
    • Leung, A.1    Wallace, M.S.2    Ridgeway, B.3
  • 66
    • 23944463476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining the plasma concentration of ketamine that enhances epidural bupivacaine-and-morphine-induced analgesia
    • Suzuki M, Kinoshita T, Kikutani T, et al. Determining the plasma concentration of ketamine that enhances epidural bupivacaine-and-morphine- induced analgesia. Anesth Analg. 2005;101:777-784.
    • (2005) Anesth Analg , vol.101 , pp. 777-784
    • Suzuki, M.1    Kinoshita, T.2    Kikutani, T.3
  • 67
    • 70349122557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of N-methyl-D-asparta te receptor antagonists in postoperative pain management
    • Suzuki M. Role of N-methyl-D-asparta te receptor antagonists in postoperative pain management. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2009;22:618-622.
    • (2009) Curr Opin Anaesthesiol , vol.22 , pp. 618-622
    • Suzuki, M.1
  • 68
    • 0042693076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesic effects and pharmacokinetics of a low dose of ketamine preoperatively administered epidurally or intravenously
    • Xie H, Wang X, Liu G, et al. Analgesic effects and pharmacokinetics of a low dose of ketamine preoperatively administered epidurally or intravenously. Clin J Pain. 2003; 19:317-322.
    • (2003) Clin J Pain , vol.19 , pp. 317-322
    • Xie, H.1    Wang, X.2    Liu, G.3
  • 69
    • 0034899042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute phase responses following minimal access and conventional thoracic surgery
    • Craig SR,Leaver HA,Yap PL,et al, Acute phase responses following minimal access and conventional thoracic surgery, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2001,20, 455-463.
    • (2001) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.20 , pp. 455-463
    • Craig, S.R.1    Leaver, H.A.2    Yap, P.L.3
  • 70
    • 30144445704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of site and type of nerve injury on the expression of brain-d erived neurotrophic factor in the dorsal root ganglion and on neuropathic pain behavior
    • Obata K, Yamanaka H, Kobayashi K, et al. The effect of site and type of nerve injury on the expression of brain-d erived neurotrophic factor in the dorsal root ganglion and on neuropathic pain behavior. Neuroscience. 2006;137:961-970.
    • (2006) Neuroscience , vol.137 , pp. 961-970
    • Obata, K.1    Yamanaka, H.2    Kobayashi, K.3
  • 71
    • 85027918720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidural fentanyl for postoperative analgesia after lumbar canal decompression: A randomized controlled trial
    • Guilfoyle MR, Mannion RJ, Mitchell P, et al. Epidural fentanyl for postoperative analgesia after lumbar canal decompression: A randomized controlled trial. Spine J. 2012; 12:646-651.
    • (2012) Spine J , vol.12 , pp. 646-651
    • Guilfoyle, M.R.1    Mannion, R.J.2    Mitchell, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.