Fetal optimization during maternal sepsis: Relevance and response of the obstetric anesthesiologist

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 259-266

  Chau, Anthony ^a,b   Tsen, Lawrence C ^a,c  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^c HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Fetus; obstetric anesthesia; pregnancy; sepsis

Indexed keywords

CATECHOLAMINE;

ACIDOSIS; ANESTHESIST; DISEASE SEVERITY; FETUS ACIDOSIS; FETUS HYPOXIA; FETUS MONITORING; FETUS OUTCOME; HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INCIDENCE; INFLAMMATION; INTRAUTERINE INFECTION; MATERNAL SEPSIS; OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PLACENTA CIRCULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESUSCITATION; REVIEW; SEPSIS; UTERUS VASCULARIZATION; VASCULARIZATION; ADULT; FEMALE; FETAL DISEASES; FETUS; IMMUNOLOGY; PREGNANCY; PROCEDURES;

ADULT; ANESTHESIA, OBSTETRICAL; FEMALE; FETAL DISEASES; FETUS; HUMANS; PREGNANCY; SEPSIS;

EID: 84900450897     PISSN: 09527907     EISSN: 14736500     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000077     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. Bauer ME, Bateman BT, Bauer ST, et al. Maternal sepsis mortality and morbidity during hospitalization for delivery. Anesthesiology 2013; 117:944-950. The first population-based epidemiologic study of sepsis during hospitalization for delivery in the United States, with data from 1998 to 2008.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pregnancy mortality surveillance system. http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/MaternalInfantHealth/ PMSS. html#5. [Accessed 14 J anuary 2014] The most recent pregnancy-related mortality data collected by the CDC from 52 reporting areas within the United States (all states, New York City, and Washington DC).
3. Cantwell R, Clutton-Brock T, Cooper G, et al. saving mothers' lives: Reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006 - 2008. The Eighth Report of the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 118:1.
4. Barton JR, Sibai BM. severe sepsis and septic shock in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2012; 120:689-706.
5. Neligan PJ, Laffey JG. Clinical review: Special populations: Critical illness and pregnancy. Crit Care 2011; 15:227.
6. Tita ATN, Andrews WW. Diagnosis and management of clinical chorioamnionitis. Clin Perinatol 2010; 37:339-354.
7. Goldenberg RL, Hauth JC, Andrews WW. Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1500-1507.
8. Cornette L. Fetal and neonatal inflammatory response and adverse outcome. Semin Fetal Neonat Med 2004; 9:459-470.
9. Romero R, Espinoza J, Gonc ̧alves L, et al. The role of inflammation and infection in preterm birth. Semin Reproduct Med 2007; 25:021-39.
10. Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet 2008; 371:75-84.
11. Camacho-Gonzalez A, Spearman PW, St oll BJ. Neonatal infectious diseases: Evaluation of neonatal sepsis. Pediatr Clin North Am 2013; 60:367-389.
12. Kuypers E, Ophelders D, Jellema RK, et al. early human development. Early Hum Dev 2012; 88:931-936.
13. Hofer N, Kothari R, Morris N, et al. The fetal inflammatory response syndrome is a risk factor for morbidity in preterm neonates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 209:542e1-542e11.
14. Liu Z, Tang Z, Li J, Yang Y. effects of placental inflammation on neonatal outcome in preterm infants. Pediatr Neonatol 2014; 1-6.
15. Hallman M. The surfactant system protects both fetus and newborn. Neonatology 2013; 103:320-326.
16. Malek A. Role of IgG antibodies in association with placental function and immunologic diseases in human pregnancy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2013; 9:235-249.
17. Loubert C. Fluid and vasopressor management for Cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Can J Anesth 2012; 59:604-619.
18. Greiss FC. Pressure-flow relationship in the gravid uterine vascular bed. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1966; 96:41-47.
19. Wilkening RB, Meschia G. Fetal oxygen uptake, oxygenation, and acid-base balance as a function of uterine blood flow. Am J Physiol 1983; 244:H749-H755.
20. Rosenfeld CR, DeS pain K, Liu XT. Defining the differential sensitivity to norepinephrine and angiotensin II in the ovine uterine vasculature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 302:R59-R67.
21. Segal S, W ang SY. The effect of maternal catecholamines on the caliber of gravid uterine microvessels. Anesthesiology 2008; 106:888-892.
22. Martin CB Jr. normal fetal physiology and behavior, and adaptive responses with hypoxemia. Semin Perinatol 2008; 32:239-242.
23. Meschia G. Fetal oxygenation and maternal ventilation. Clin Chest Med 2011; 32:; 15-9-vii.
24. Blechner JN. Mater nal-fetal acid-base physiology. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993; 36:3-12.
25. Bennet L, Booth LC, Drury PP, et al. Preterm neonatal cardiovascular instability: Does understanding the fetus help evaluate the newborn Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 39:965-972.
26. Newton ER. Chorioamnionitis and intraamniotic infection. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1993; 36:795-808.
27. Afors K, Chandraharan E. use of continuous electronic fetal monitoring in a preterm fetus: Clinical dilemmas and recommendations for practice. J Pregnancy 2011; 2011:1-7.
28. Moaveni DM, Birnbach DJ, Ranasinghe JS, Yasin SY. fetal assessment for anesthesiologists. Anesthesiol ogy 2013; 116:1278-1292. Excellent review of the current antepartum and intrapartum fetal assessment modalities, including their physiologic basis and utility to clinical practice.
29. Baser I, Johnson TR, Pa ine LL. Coupling of fetal movement and fetal heart rate accelerations as an indicator of fetal health. Obstet Gynecol 1992; 80:62-66.
30. Mangesi L, Hofmeyr GJ. Fetal movement counting for assessment of fetal well being. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; CD004909.
31. Christensen FC, Rayburn WF. Fetal movement counts. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1999; 26:607-621.
32. Walton JR, Peaceman AM. identification, assessment and management of fetal compromise. Clin Perinatol 2012; 39:753-768.
33. Choe R, Durduran T, Yu G, et al. Transabdominal near infrared oximetry of hypoxic stress in fetal sheep brain in utero. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100:12950-12954.
34. Bakker PCAM, Colenbrander GJ, Verstraeten AA, Van Geijn HP. The quality of intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004; 116:22-27.
35. Halem KV, Bakker JJH, Verhoeven CJ, et al. Does use of an intrauterine catheter during labor increase risk of infection J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25:415-418.
36. Committee A. Utility of antepartum umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry in intrauterine growth restriction. Number 188, October 1997 (replaces no. 11 6, November 1992). Committee on Obstetric Practice. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1997; 59:269-270.
37. McEvoy C, Kollef MH. determinants of hospital mortality among patients with sepsis or septic shock receiving appropriate antibiotic treatment. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2013; 15:400-406.
38. Angus DC, Van Der Poll T. severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:840-851. A comprehensive review of the cause, diagnosis, and current treatment of sepsis.
39. Bieniarz J, Fernandez Sepulveda R, Caldeyro Barcia R. effects of maternal hypotension on the human fe tus. I. Fetal heart rate during normal labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1965; 92:821-831.
40. Myburgh J.A. Mythen MG.Resuscitation fluids. N Engl J Med 2013 369 1243-1251. A comprehensive review of the benefits and risks associated with select resuscitation fluids.
41. Faber JJ, Anderson DF. The placenta in the integrated physiology of fetal volume control. Int J Dev Biol 2010; 54:391-396.
42. Crino JP, Harris AP, Parisi VM, Johnson TR. Effect of rapid intravenous crystalloid infusion on uteroplacental blood flow and placental implantation-site oxygen delivery in the pregnant ewe. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168:1603-1609.
43. Ralston DH, Shnider SM, DeLorimier AA. Uterine blood flow and fetal acidbase changes after bicarbonate administration to the pregnant ewe. Anesthesiology 1974; 40:348-353.
44. Ngan Kee WD, Lee A, Khaw KS, et al. A randomized double-blinded comparison of phenylephrine and ephedrin e infusion combinations to maintain blood pressure during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: The effects on fetal acid-base status and hemodynamic control. Anesthesiology 2008; 107:1295-1302.
45. Ngan Kee W D, Khaw KS, Tan PE, et al. Placental transfer and fetal metabolic effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology 2009; 111:506-512.
46. Stev ens AD, Lumbers ER. Effects of intravenous infusions of noradrenaline into the pregnant ewe on uterine blood flow, fetal renal function, and lung liquid flow. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1995; 73:202-208.
47. Alahuhta S, Räsänen J, Jouppila P, et al. Uteroplacental and fetal circulation during extradural bupivacaine-adrenaline and bupivacaine for caesarean section in hypertensive pregnancies with chronic fetal asphyxia. BJA 1993; 71:348-353.
48. Pacifici GM. Placental transfer of antibiotics administered to the mother: A review. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006; 44:57-63.
49. Jenkins TM, Troiano NH , Graves CR, et al. Mechanical ventilation in an obstetric population: Characteristics and delivery rates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188:549-552.
50. Tomlinson MW, Caruthers TJ, Whitty JE, Gonik B. Does delivery improve maternal condition in the respiratory-compromised gravida Obstet Gynecol 1998; 91:108-111.
51. Roberts D, Dalziel S. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; CD004454.
52. Brownfoot FC, Gagliardi DI, Bain E, et al. Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung m aturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews 2013; 8:CD006764.
53. Danesh A, Janghorbani M, Khalatbari S. Effects of antenatal corticosteroids on maternal serum indi cators of infection in women at risk for preterm delivery: A randomized trial comparing betamethasone and dexamethasone. J Res Med Sci 2012; 17:911-917.
54. Patel GP, Balk RA. systemic steroids in severe sepsis and septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185:133-139.
55. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, et al. surviving sepsis campaign. Crit Care Med 2013; 41:580-637. An international update to the ? Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock?.
56. Doyle LW, Crowther CA, Middl eton P, Marret S. Antenatal magnesium sulfate and neurologic outcome in preterm infants: A systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 113:1327-1333.
57. Flierl MA, Rittirsch D, Weckbach S, et al . Disturbances of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis and plasma electrolytes during experimental sepsis. Ann Intensive Care 2011; 1:53.