Agriculture and EU environmental law

Agriculture and EU Environmental Law

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 1-273

  Jack, Brian ^a  

^a QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84900086608     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (539)

1. Grant, W. (1997), The Common Agricultural Policy (London: Macmillan) 63.
2. Ackrill, R. (2000), The Common Agricultural Policy (Sheffield: Sheffield University Press) 39.
3. Fennell, R. (1997), The Common Agricultural Policy: Continuity and Change (Oxford: Clarendon Press) 13.
4. Fearne, A. (1997), The History and Development of the CAP 1945-1990, in Ritson, C. and Harvey D.R., (eds) The Common Agricultural Policy, 2nd ed. (Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International) 12
5. Tracey, M. (1982). Government and Agriculture in Western Europe 1880-1988 (Brighton: Harvester Wheatsheaf) 243
6. Ritson, C. (1971), Agricultural Policy and the Common Market (London: Chatham House Press) 104.
7. Neville-Rolfe, E. (1984), The Politics of Agriculture in the European Community (London: Policy Studies Institute) 195.
8. Tracey, M. (1982), Agriculture in Western Europe (St Albans: Granada Publishing) 269.
9. Fennell, R. The Common Agricultural Policy: Continuity and Change, footnote 2 above, 17.
10. Fearne, R. The History and Development of the CAP 1945-1990 in Ritson, C., and Harvey, D.R. (eds) The Common Agricultural Policy, at footnote 3 above, 16.
11. McMahon, J.A. (1999), Law of the Common Agricultural Policy (Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd) 24.
12. Beus v Hauptzollamt München [1968] ECR 83 at 98.
13. Balkan-Import-Export GmbH v Hauptzollamt Berlin-Packhof [1973] ECR 1091 at 1112.
14. Snyder, F.G. (1985), Law of the Common Agricultural Policy (London: Sweet and Maxwell Ltd) 20
15. Usher, J.A. (2001), EC Agricultural Law, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 34.
16. Westzucker GmbH v Einfuhr und Vorratsstelle für Zucker [1973] ECR 321 at 340
17. DeUKa, Deutsche Kraftfutter GmbH and B.J. Stolp v Einfuhr und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel [1975] ECR 421 at 432.
18. J.A. McMahon, The Common Agricultural Policy: From Quantity to Quality. [2002] 53 Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 9.
19. Snyder F.G. (1990), New Directions in European Community Law (London: George Weidenfield & Nicholson Ltd) 105.
20. Hauptzollamt Bielefeld v König [1974] ECR 607.
21. Barents, R. (1994), The Agricultural Law of the EC (Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers) 74.
22. European Commission (1982), The Agricultural Policy of the European Community, 3rd ed. (Brussels: European Commission) 14.
23. Ritson, C. and Swinbank, A. (1997), Europe's Green Money, in Ritson, C. and Harvey, D.R., The Common Agricultural Policy, 2nd ed. (Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International) 115.
24. Melchoir, M. (1983), The Common Agricultural Policy, in European Commission, Thirty Years of Community Law (Luxembourg: The Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 73.
25. Usher, J.A. (1988), Legal Aspects of Agriculture in the European Community (Oxford: Clarendon Press) chapter 4.
26. Marsh, J.S., Ritson, C. (1971), Agricultural Policy and the Common Market (London: Chatham House Press) 15.
27. European Economic Community Commission (1960), Proposals For The Working Out and Putting into Effect of the Common Agricultural Policy in Application of Article 43 of the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community (Brussels: European Economic Community Commission) chapter 1.
28. European Economic Community Commission (1960), Proposals For The Working Out and Putting into Effect of the Common Agricultural Policy in Application of Article 43 of the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community (Brussels: European Economic Community Commission) chapter 1. 10.
29. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (1961), Economic Survey of Europe in 1960 Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) 27.
30. Milward, A.S. (1995), The European Rescue of the Nation State (London: Routledge) 225
31. Bowler, I.R. (1985), Agriculture under the Common Agricultural Policy, A Geography (Manchester: Manchester University Press) 204.
32. Bowler, I.R. (1985), Agriculture under the Common Agricultural Policy, A Geography (Manchester: Manchester University Press). 35.
33. Hill, B. (1984), The Common Agricultural Policy: Past, Present and Future (London: Methuen & Co. Ltd) 27.
34. Commission of the European Communities (1968), Memorandum on the Reform of Agriculture in the European Economic Community, COM (68) 1000.
35. Cardwell, M. (2004), The European Model of Agriculture (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 26.
36. Marsden, T., Murdoch, J., Lowe, P., Munton, R., Flynn, A. (1993), Constructing the Countryside (London: University College Press) 58.
37. European Commission, Agenda 2000 Volume 1: For a Stronger and Wider Union, COM (97) 2000 Final, 26.
38. Usher, J.A. (1988), Legal Aspects of Agriculture in the European Community (Oxford: Clarendon Press) 104.
39. European Commission, Regional Policy Inforegio [online], http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/atlas2007/UK/index_en.htm [last accessed 28 April 2008].
40. European Commission (2008), The Agricultural Situation in the European Union 2007 Report [on-line], http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/publi/agrep2007/index_en.htm [last accessed 18 February 2009] table 3.4.1.
41. European Commission (1999), Agriculture, Environment, Rural Development: Facts and Figures - A Challenge for Agriculture (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 235.
42. th Report: Agriculture and the Environment, Session 1983-1984, (London: HMSO) paragraph 127.
43. Shoard, M. (1980), The Theft of the Countryside (London: Maurice Temple Smith Ltd).
44. Body, R. (1982), Agriculture - The Triumph and the Shame (London: Maurice Temple Smith Ltd).
45. Rose, C. (1984), Crisis and Conservation: Conflict in the British Countryside (London: Penguin Books Ltd)
46. Lowe, P. et al. (1986), Countryside Conflicts: The Politics of Farming and Forestry Conservation (Aldershot: Gower Publishing)
47. Body, R. (1987), Red or Green for Farmers (Saffron Waldon: Broad Leys)
48. Harvey, G. (1997), The Killing of the Countryside (London: Jonathon Cape).
49. European Environment Agency (2003), Europe's Environment: The Third Assessment (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 43.
50. Fennell, R. (1997), The Common Agricultural Policy: Continuity and Change (Oxford: Clarendon Press) 30.
51. Harvey, D. (1991), The CAP and Green Agriculture (London: Institute for Public Policy Research).
52. Baldock, D. (1984), The CAP Price Policy and the Environment - An Explanatory Essay (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy) 32
53. Cheshire, P. The Environmental Implications of European Agricultural Support Policies in Baldock, D. and Conder, C. (eds) (1985), Can the CAP Fit the Environment? (London: Council for the Protection of Rural England) 12.
54. Nature Conservancy Council (1984), Nature Conservation in Great Britain (Shrewsbury: Nature Conservancy Council) 49-59.
55. Lowe, P. (1986), Countryside Conflicts: The Politics of Farming, Forestry and Conservation (Aldershot: Gower) 55.
56. Green, B.H. Agricultural Intensification and the Loss of Habitat, Species and Amenity in British Grasslands: A Review of Historical Change and Assessment of Future Prospects. 1990 45 Grass and Forage Science 365.
57. Green, B.H. Agricultural Intensification and the Loss of Habitat, Species and Amenity in British Grasslands: A Review of Historical Change and Assessment of Future Prospects. 1990 45 Grass and Forage Science. 368.
58. Morris, M.G. Impacts of Agriculture on Southern Grasslands, in Jenkins, D. (ed.), (1984), Agriculture and the Environment (Cambridge: Institute for Terrestrial Ecology) 95.
59. Nature Conservancy Council (1977), Nature Conservation and Agriculture (London: Nature Conservancy Council) 12.
60. Morris, M.G. footnote 11 above, 96 and Barr et al. (1993), Countryside Survey 1990 Main Report (London: Department of the Environment) 119.
61. O'Connor, R.J., and Shrubb, M. Farming and Birds (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 93.
62. Nature Conservancy Council (1984), Nature Conservation in Great Britain, (Shrewsbury: Nature Conservancy Council).
63. Fuller, R.M., The Changing Extent and Conservation Interest of Lowland Grasslands in England and Wales: A Review of Grassland Surveys 1930-1984, [1987] 40 Biological Conservation 281.
64. Sinclair, G. (1983), The Upland Landscape Survey (Dyfed: Environment Information Services).
65. Beaufoy, G., Baldock D., and Clark, J. (1994), The Nature of Farming in Nine European Countries, (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy) 47.
66. European Commission, (1999), Agriculture, Environment, Rural Development: Facts and Figures - A Challenge for Agriculture (Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 51.
67. Lack, P. (1992), Birds on Lowland Farms (London: HMSO) 32.
68. O'Connor, R.J. The Importance of Hedges to Songbirds, in Jenkins, D. (ed.) (1984), Agriculture and the Environment, (Cambridge: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology) 118.
69. Nature Conservancy Council (1984), Nature Conservation in Great Britain, (Shrewsbury: Nature Conservancy Council).
70. st Report: Environmental Issues in Northern Ireland, Session 1990-1991 (London: HMSO) 171.
71. Green, B. Agriculture and the Environment, [1986] 3.
72. Cadbury, C.J., The Effects of Flood Alleviation and Land Drainage on Birds of Wet Grasslands, in Jenkins D. (ed.) (1984), Agriculture and the Environment, (Cambridge: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology).
73. Nairn, R.G.W., Floodplain Agriculture in Ireland and its Significance for Bird Conservation, in the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (1991), Birds and Pastoral Agriculture in Europe (Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee) 93.
74. Fennessy, S. (1989), Riparian Buffer Strips: Their Effectiveness for the Control of Agricultural Pollution, (London: University College) chapter 2.
75. Tucker, G. Priorities for Bird Conservation in Europe: The Importance of the Farmed Landscape, in Pain D., and Pienkowski, M., (eds) (1997), Farming and Birds in Europe (London: Academic Press) 105.
76. Hill C. and Langford, T. (1992), Dying of Thirst: A Response to the Problem of our Vanishing Wetland (Lincoln: The Wildlife Trusts Partnership) 8.
77. Robins, M., Davies, S.G.F., Biusson, R.S.K. (1991), An Internationally Important Wetland in Crisis: The Somerset Levels and Moors - A Case History of Wetland Destruction (Sandy: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds) 7.
78. Tucker G. and Heath, M. (1994), Birds in Europe: Their Conservation Status (Cambridge: Birdlife International) 47.
79. Nature Conservancy Council (1984), Nature Conservation in Great Britain (Shrewsbury: Nature Conservancy Council) 64.
80. Memorandum of the Fisheries Conservancy Board for Northern Ireland to the House of Commons Environment Committee (1991), First Report: Environmental Issues in Northern Ireland, Session 1990-1991, (London: HMSO) 143.
81. Agra Europe (1991), Special Report No.60: Agriculture and the Environment - How will the EC Resolve the Conflict (London: Agra-Europe Ltd) 20 or Newbould, P.J. Nature Conservation and Agriculture, in Jeffrey, D.W. (ed.) (1984), Nature Conservation in Ireland: Progress and Problems (Dublin: Royal Irish Academy) 103.
82. Milton, K. (1990), Our Countryside, Our Concern: The Policy and Practice of Conservation in Northern Ireland (Belfast: Northern Ireland Environmental Link) 43.
83. Christie, S. (1996), Environmental Strategy for Northern Ireland (Belfast: Northern Ireland Environmental Link) 130
84. Williams, G., Northern Ireland Drainage Policy, [1988] 9 Ecos 43
85. Williams, G., Newson, M., and Browne, D. Land Drainage and Birds in Northern Ireland, [1988] 2 RSPB Conservation Review 76.
86. Hammond, R.F. (1979), The Peatlands of Ireland (Dublin: Soil Survey Bulletin) 35
87. Cruikshank J.G., and Wilcock, D.N. (eds) (1982), Northern Ireland: Environment and Natural Resources (Belfast: Queen's University and New University of Ulster) 185.
88. Doyle, G.J., Progress and Problems in the Conservation of Irish Peatlands 1983 to 1991, in Feehan, J. (ed.) (1991), Environment and Development in Ireland (Dublin: The Environmental Institute, University College Dublin) 511.
89. Boyle, C.J., Bog Conservation in Ireland, in Schouten, M.G.C. and Nooren, M.J. (eds) (1990), Peatlands, Economy and Conservation (The Hague: SPB Academic Publishing) 47.
90. House of Commons Environment Committee (1991), First Report, Environmental Issues in Northern Ireland, Session 1990/91 (London: HMSO) xix.
91. Montgomery, W.I., McAdam, J.H. and Smith, B.J. (eds) (1988), The High Country: The Land Use and Land Use Change in Northern Irish Uplands (Belfast: Institute of Biology and Geological Society of Ireland) 59.
92. Baldock, D. (1990), Agriculture and Habitat Loss in Europe, (Gland, Switzerland: WWF) 20.
93. O'Leary, G. and Gormley, F. (eds) (1998), Towards a Conservation Strategy for the Bogs of Ireland (Dublin: Irish Peatland Conservation Council).
94. European Commission (1999), Agriculture, Environment and Rural Development: Facts and Figures - A Challenge for Agriculture (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 81.
95. European Commission (1999), Agriculture, Environment and Rural Development: Facts and Figures - A Challenge for Agriculture (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities). p. 83.
96. European Commission (1999), Agriculture, Environment and Rural Development: Facts and Figures - A Challenge for Agriculture (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities). p.86.
97. O'Connor, R.J. and Shrubb, M. (1986), Farming and Birds (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 161.
98. Thompson, D.B.A., McDonald, A.J., Marsden, J.H., Galbraith C.A. Upland Heather Moorland in Great Britain: A Review of International Importance, Vegetation Change and Some Objectives for Nature Conservation, [1995] 71 Biological Conservation 163.
99. Bardgett, R.D., Marsden, J.H., Howard, D.C. The Extent and Condition of Heather on Moorland in the Uplands of England and Wales, [1995] 71 Biological Conservation 155.
100. Andrews, J. and Rebane, M. (1994), Farming and Wildlife - A Practical Management Handbook (Sandy: RSPB)
101. Evans, R. (1996), Soil Erosion and its Impact in England and Wales (London: Friends of the Earth) 24.
102. Council for the Protection of Rural England (1994), Down to Earth: Environmental Problems Associated with Soil Degradation in the English Landscape (London: Council for the Protection of Rural England) 17.
103. Sinclair, G., The Uplands Landscape Survey (Dyfed: Environment Information Services).
104. White, B. Natural Resource Management: The Case of Heather Moorland, in Allanson, P. and Whitby, M. (eds) (1996), The Rural Economy and the British Countryside (London: Earthscan Publications Ltd) 69.
105. The Wildlife Trusts (1996), Crisis in the Hills: Overgrazing in the Uplands (Lincoln: The Wildlife Trusts) 6.
106. Lovegrove, R., Shrubb, R., Williams, I. (1995), Silent Fields - The Current Status of Farmland Birds in Wales (Sandy: RSPB) 9
107. Felton, M., Marsden, J. (1990), Scientific and Policy Initiatives: Heather Regeneration in England and Wales (Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council) 16.
108. Nature Conservancy Council (1990), Scientific and Policy Initiative: Heather Regeneration in England and Wales (Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council).
109. Anderson, P. and Yalde, D.W. Increased Sheep Numbers and Loss of Heather Moorland in the Peak District, England, [1981] 20 Biological Conservation 195.
110. Felton, M. and Marsden, J.H. (1990), Heather Regeneration in England and Wales: A Feasibility Study for the Department of the Environment (Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council), estimated that Cumbria had lost 36 per cent of its heather Moorland in the period 1940-1980.
111. Christie, S. (1996), Environmental Strategy for Northern Ireland (Belfast: Northern Ireland Environmental Link) 129.
112. Christie, S. The Influence of Agricultural Practices on Plant Communities in Connemara, in Feehan, J. (ed.) (1991), Environment and Development in Ireland (Dublin: The Environmental Institute, University College) 331.
113. White, B. Natural Resource Management: The Case of Heather Moorland, in Allison, P. and Whitby, M. (eds) (1996), The Rural Economy and the British Countryside (London: Earthscan Publications Ltd) 78.
114. Stanners, D., Bourdeau, P. (eds) (1995), Europe's Environment: The Dobříš Assessment (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 455.
115. Agra-Europe Ltd (1991), Agriculture and the Environment: How will the EC Resolve the Conflict? (London: Agra-Europe Ltd) 12.
116. O'Connor, R.J., Shrubb, M. (1986), Farming and Birds (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 214
117. Fuller, R.M. The Changing Extent and Conservation Interest of Lowland Grasslands in England and Wales: A Review of Grassland Surveys 1930-1984, [1987] 40 Biological Conservation 281 at 291
118. Tallowin, J., Mountford, O., Kirkham, F. Fertilisers on Hay Meadows: a Compromise? [1994] 2 Enact 16.
119. Wells, T.C.E. Responsible Management for Botanical Diversity, in British Grassland Society (1989), Environmentally Responsible Grassland Management (Hurley: The British Grassland Society) 44
120. Baldock, D. (1994), The Nature of Farming: Low Intensity Systems in Nine European Countries (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy) 13.
121. Beintera, A.J., Thissen, J.B.M., Tensen, D., Visser, G.H. Feeding Ecology of Charadriform Chicks in Agricultural Grassland. [1991] 79 Ardea 31.
122. Lovegrove, R., Shrubb, M., Williams, I. (1991), Silent Fields: The Current Status of Farmland Birds in Wales (Sandy: RSPB) 10.
123. Beintera, A.J. Insect Fauna and Grassland Birds, in Joint Nature Conservation Committee (1991), Birds and Pastoral Agriculture in Europe (Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee) 97.
124. European Environment Agency (1998), Europe's Environment: The Second Assessment (Copenhagen: The European Environment Agency) 187.
125. European Environment Agency (1995), Environment in the European Union 1995 (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 81.
126. See Sheail, I. (1985), Pesticides and Nature Conservation (Oxford: Clarendon Press Ltd).
127. Carson, R. (1962), Silent Spring (United States: Houghton Mifflin).
128. European Commission (1999), Agriculture, Environment, Rural Development: Facts and Figures - A Challenge for Agriculture (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 190.
129. Marshall, J. Weeds, in Greg-Smith, P., Frampton, G. and Hardy, T. (eds) (1984), Pesticides, Cereal Farming and the Environment: The Boxworth Project (London: HMSO) 25.
130. Potts, D. Cereal Farming, Pesticides and Grey Partridges, in Pain, D.J. and Pienkowski, M. (eds) (1997), Farming and Birds in Europe: The Common Agricultural Policy and its Implications for Bird Conservation (London: Academic Press) 152.
131. Sotherton, N.W. Conservation Headlands: A Practical Combination of Intensive Cereal Farming and Conservation, in Firbank, L.G., Carter, N., Darbyshire, J.F. and Potts, G.R. (eds) (1991), The Ecology of Temperate Cereal Fields: 32nd Symposium of the British Ecology Society (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications) 384.
132. Pimenta, D. et al., Environmental and Economic Costs of Pesticide Use, [1992] 42 Bioscience 750 at 754.
133. Mars, R.H., Frost, A.J., Plant, R.A. and Lunnis, P. Effects of Herbicides on Vegetation, in English Nature (1993), The Environmental Effects of Pesticide Drift (Peterborough: English Nature) 35,.
134. Davies, B.N.K. et al., Effects of Insecticides on Terrestrial Invertebrates, at 61, report that more toxic insecticides may be effective for 10 to 24 metres from the spraying unit.
135. Collar N.J., Crosby M.J. Statterfield A.J. (1994), Birds to Watch 2: The World List of Threatened Birds (Cambridge: Birdlife International), 77.
136. Batten, L.A., Bibby, C.J., Clement, P., Elliot, G.D., Potter, R.F. (1990), Red Data Birds in Britain: Action for Rare and Important Species (London: Nature Conservancy Council, and Sandy, RSPB) 135.
137. O'Connor R.J., Shrubb, M. (1986), Farming and Birds (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 93.
138. Derwin, J. (1997), Corncrake Fieldwork in North Donegal (Dublin: Birdwatch Ireland) 14.
139. Fuller, R.J. et al. (1995), Population Declines and Range Contractions Among Lowland Farmland Birds in Britain, [1995] 9 Conservation Biology 1425 at 1428.
140. Nature Conservancy Council (1984), Nature Conservation in Great Britain (Shrewsbury: Nature Conservancy Council) 61-64.
141. Green, B. Agriculture and the Environment: A Review of Major Issues in the United Kingdom, [1986] 3 Land Use Policy 193.
142. Fuller, R.J., et al. Population Declines and Range Contractions Amongst Lowland Farmland Birds in Britain, [1995] 9 Conservation Biology 1425.
143. O'Connor, R.J., Shrubb, M. Farming and Birds (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 149-186.
144. WWF, Doomsday for Nature, WWF Press Release 14th December 1998.
145. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1992), Global Diversity: the Status of the Earth's Living Resources (London: Chapman and Hall) 401.
146. Baldock, D. (1994), The Nature of Farming: Low Intensity Farming in Nine European Countries, (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy) 46.
147. Agra-Europe Ltd (1991), Agriculture and the Environment - How will the EC Resolve the Confllict? (London: Agra Europe Ltd) 19.
148. Emerson C., Jenkins R. (1995), Thought for Food (London: SAFE Alliance) 2.
149. National Rivers Authority (1992), The Influence of Agriculture on the Quality of Natural Waters in England and Wales (Almondsbury: National Rivers Authority) 20.
150. European Environment Agency (2003), Europe's Water: An Indicator Based Assessment, (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 44.
151. Maitland, P.S., The Effects of Eutrophication on Aquatic Wildlife, in Jenkins, D. (ed.) (1984), Agriculture and the Environment (Cambridge: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology) 102.
152. Dietz, F.J., Heijnes, H. Nutrient Emissions From Agriculture, in Dietz, F.J., Vollebergh, H.R.J., Varies, J.L. (eds) (1993), Environment, Incentives and the Common Market, (Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Law International).
153. Stanners, D., and Bordeau, P. (1995), Europe's Environment: The Dobris Assessment (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 94.
154. Dudley, N. (1991), Nitrates: The Threat to Food and Water (London: Merlin Press Ltd).
155. Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (1979), 7th Report: Agriculture and Pollution (London: HMSO) 212.
156. European Environment Agency (2003), Europe's Environment: The Third Assessment (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 172.
157. Klein, G., Perera, P. (2000), Eutrophication and Health, (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency).
158. The European Environment Agency (1998), Europe's Environment: The Second Assessment (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 193-202 and 210-214.
159. The European Environment Agency (2003), Europe's Environment, the Third Assessment (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 174-184.
160. European Environment Agency (2000), Nutrients in European Ecosystems (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 21.
161. Agra Europe (1991), Agriculture and the Environment: How Will the EC Resolve the Conflict? (London: Agra Europe Ltd) 16.
162. National Rivers Authority (1992), The Influence of Agriculture on the Quality of Natural Waters in England and Wales (Aldmonsbury: National Rivers Authority) 45.
163. Schneider, A. et al. (1999), Groundwater Quality and Quantity in Europe (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 19.
164. The Pesticides Safety Directorate (1995), Keeping Pesticides Out of Water (London: Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food).
165. Taylor, A. (1995), Environmental Problems Associated with Soil in Britain: A Review (Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage) 36.
166. Evans, R. Overgrazing and Soil Erosion on Hill Pastures With Particular Reference to the Peak District, [1977] 32 Journal of the British Grassland Society 65 at 68.
167. Evans, R. (1996), Soil Erosion and its Impact in England and Wales (London: Friends of the Earth) 23.
168. Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (1996), 19th Report: Sustainable Use of Soil (London: HMSO) 56.
169. Jack, B. Economy and Environment: Shaping the Development of European Agricultural Law, [2001] 2 Web Journal of Current Legal Issues.
170. European Commission (2008), The Agricultural Situation in the European Union: 2007 Report (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications in the European Communities) table 3.1.1. [on-line], http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/publi/agrep/index_en.htm [last accessed 14 May 2008].
171. European Commission (1987), The Agricultural Situation in the European Community: 1986 Report (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications in the European Communities) 344.
172. European Commission (1986), The Agricultural Situation in the European Community: 1985 Report, (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications in the European Communities) 261.
173. Swann D. (1995), The Economics of the Common Market (London: Penguin Books Ltd) 260.
174. Swann D. The EC Budget, in Artis M., Lee N. (eds) (1991), The Economics of the European Union (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 371.
175. Ingersent, K.A., Rayner, A.J., Hine, R.C. Agriculture in the Uruguay Round: An Assessment, in Ingersent, K.A., Rayner, A.J., Hine, R.C. (eds) (1994), Agriculture in the Uruguay Round (London: Macmillan) 260.
176. Josling, T., Tangerman, S., Warley, T. (1996), Agriculture in the GATT (London: Macmillan) 179.
177. Van den Bossche, P. (2005), The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organisation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
178. Legg, W. The Environmental Effects of Reforming Agricultural Policies, in Brouer, F., Lowe, P. (eds) (2000), CAP Regimes and the European Countryside (Wallingford: CAB International) 21.
179. European Commission (1997), The Agricultural Situation in the European Union 1998 Report (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) T24.
180. OECD (1995), Agricultural Policies, Markets and Trade in the Central and Eastern European Countries (Paris: OECD) 65.
181. European Commission (1997), Agenda 2000: The Effects of the Union's Policies of Enlargement to the Applicant Countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Luxembourg: Official Publications of the European Communities) 6.
182. European Commission (1976), The Agricultural Situation in the Community: 1975 Report, (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 140.
183. European Commission (1997), Agenda 2000: For a Stronger and Wider Union (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 26.
184. Baldock, D. and Lowe, P. The Development of European AgriEnvironmental Policy, in Whitby, M. (ed.) (1996), The European Environment and CAP Reform: Policies and Prospects for Conservation (Wallingford: CAB International) 12.
185. Scheele, M. The Agri-Environmental Measures in the Context of CAP Reform, in Whitby, M., (ed.) (1996), The European Environment and CAP Reform: Policies and Prospects for Conservation, (Wallingford: CAB International) 4.
186. European Commission, Environment and Agriculture, COM (1988) 338 Final.
187. European Commission, Environment and Agriculture, COM (1988) 15.
188. European Commission, The Development and Future of the CAP: Reflections Paper of the Commission, COM (1991) 100 Final, 10.
189. European Commission, Directions Towards Sustainable Agriculture, COM (1999) 22 final, 28.
190. Towards Sustainability: A European Community Programme of Policy and Action in Relation to the Environment and Sustainable Development, [1993] OJ C138/1, 28.
191. A Sustainable Europe for a Better World: A European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development, COM(2001) 264,.
192. European Commission, Biodiversity Action Plan for Agriculture, COM(2001) 162.
193. European Commission, Halting the Loss of Biodiversity by 2010 - And Beyond, COM (2006) 216 final.
194. European Commission (2002), Mid-Term Review of the Common Agricultural Policy, COM (2002) 394.
195. European Commission (2007), Preparing for the 'Health Check' of the CAP Reform, COM (2007)722.
196. European Commission (2005), The Agricultural Situation in the European Union, 2004 Report (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities).
197. European Commission, Proposal for a Council Regulation establishing common rules for direct support schemes for farmers under the common agricultural policy and establishing certain support schemes for farmers, COM(2008) 306 (final) 9.
198. Usher, J.A. (1988), Legal Aspects of Agriculture in the European Community (Oxford: Clarendon Press Ltd) 62.
199. European Commission, Agenda 2000: For a Stronger and Wider Union, COM (97) 2000.
200. Harvey, D. (1991), The CAP and Green Agriculture (London: Institute for Public Policy Research: London).
201. Dhondt, N. (2003), Integration of Environmental Protection into other EC Policies (Groningen: Europa Law Publishing) 257.
202. Baldock, D., Beaufoy, G. (1993), Nature Conservation and New Directions in the EC Common Agricultural Policy (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy) 117.
203. Neville, W., Mourdant, F. (1993), Guide to the Reformed Common Agricultural Policy (London: Estates Gazette Ltd) 22.
204. European Commission, Mid Term Review for Sustainable Agriculture, COM (2002) 394.
205. European Commission, Mid Term Review for Sustainable Agriculture, COM (2002) 19.
206. European Commission, Proposals for a Council Regulation establishing common rules for direct support schemes for farmers under the common agricultural policy and establishing certain support schemes for farmers, COM(2008) 306 final, 5.
207. Anderson, E., Rutherford, A. and Winter, M. The Beef Regime, in Brouwer, F. and Lowe, P. (eds) (2000), CAP Regimes and the European Countryside (Wallingford: CABI Publishing) 55.
208. Birdlife International, 1997. A Future for European Rural Environment: Reforming the Common Agricultural Policy (Brussels: Birdlife International), 35, refers to this precise situation occurring on Spanish dehesas. See also Anderson, E., Rutherford, A., Winter, M. footnote 82 at p. 64.
209. Extensification and Payment Schemes in the Common Organisation of the Market for Beef and Veal, [2002] OJ C290/1, 15.
210. Cardwell, M. (2004), The European Model of Agriculture (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 195.
211. European Commission, Mid Term Review for Sustainable Agriculture, COM (2002) 394 at 8.
212. Potter, C. (1996), Decoupling by Degrees? Agricultural Liberalisation and its Implications for Nature Conservation in Britain, Research Paper 196, (Peterborough: English Nature) 13.
213. Council of the European Community, Fifth Environmental Action Programme in Relation to the Environment and Sustainable Development. Official Journal [1993] C168/38.
214. United Kingdom Government (1990), This Common Inheritance: Britain's Environmental Strategy, Cm.1200 (London: HMSO) 99.
215. Baldock, D. Mitchell, K. (1995), Cross Compliance within the Common Agricultural Policy: A Review of Options for Landscape and Nature Conservation (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy) 3.
216. Farrier, D. Conserving Biodiversity on Private Land: Incentives for Management or Compensation for Lost Expectations? [1995] 19 Harvard Environmental Law Review 303.
217. Farrier, D. Conserving Biodiversity on Private Land: Incentives for Management or Compensation for Lost Expectations? [1995] 19 Harvard Environmental Law Review 8.
218. Farrier, D. Conserving Biodiversity on Private Land: Incentives for Management or Compensation for Lost Expectations? [1995] 19 Harvard Environmental Law Review 8.
219. McBeth, D. Wetlands Conservation and Federal Regulation: Analysis of the Food Security Act's Swampbuster Provisions as amended by the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996. [1997] 21 Harvard Environmental Law Review 201.
220. Batie, S.S., Sappington, A.G. Cross-Compliance as a Soil Conservation Strategy: A Case Study. [1986] 68 American Journal of Agricultural Economics 880.
221. Baldock, D., Beaufoy, G. (1993), Nature Conservation and New Directions in the EC Common Agricultural Policy (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy) 131.
222. Baldock, D., Beaufoy, G. (1993), Nature Conservation and New Directions in the EC Common Agricultural Policy (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy) 132.
223. Taylor J.P., Dixon, J.B. (1990), Agriculture and the Environment: Towards Integration, (Sandy: RSPB) 21.
224. Potter, C. (1996), Decoupling by Degrees? Agricultural Liberalisation and its Implications for Nature Conservation in Britain, Research Paper 196, (Peterborough: English Nature) 13.
225. European Commission (1999), Directions Towards Sustainable Agriculture, COM (1999) 22 Final 20.
226. Baldock, D., Beaufoy, G. (1992), Plough On! An Environmental Appraisal of the Reformed CAP (Godalming: World Wide Fund for Nature) 64.
227. Greening the CAP, [2000] OJ C353/1 at 11.
228. Cardwell, M., The Polluter Pays Principle in European Community Law and its Impact on UK Farmers, [2006] 59 Oklahoma Law Review 89.
229. European Commission, Directions Towards Sustainable Agriculture, COM (1999) 22 final 21.
230. European Commission, Mid Term Review of the Common Agricultural Policy, COM (2002) 394 final 8.
231. Baldock, D., Bennett, G. (1991), Agriculture and the Polluter Pays Principle (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy),.
232. Hawke, N. Implementation and Enforcement of Agri-Environmental Measures, in Van Dunné, J.M. (ed.) (1996), Non Point Source River Pollution: The Case of the River Meuse (London: Kluwer Law International) 75,.
233. European Commission, A Long Term Policy Perspective for Sustainable Agriculture. COM (2003) 23 Final.
234. Craig, P., De Búrca, G. (2007), EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials, 4th ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 558.
235. R (Horvath) v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, [2007].
236. Swales, V., Arblaster, K., Bartley, J., Farmer, M. (2007), Evaluation of Cross Compliance as Foreseen under Regulation 1782/2003, Alliance Environnement at http://www.ieep.eu/publications/publications.php [last accessed 10 August 2009]. Alliance Environnement comprises the Institute for European Environmental Policy (United Kingdom) and Oréade-Bréche (France).
237. Swales, V., Arblaster, K., Bartley, J., Farmer, M. (2007), Evaluation of Cross Compliance as Foreseen under Regulation 1782/2003, Alliance Environnement at http://www.ieep.eu/publications/publications.php [last accessed 10 August 2009]. Alliance Environnement comprises the Institute for European Environmental Policy (United Kingdom) and Oréade-Bréche (France) 21
238. Court of Auditors (2008) Special Report 8/2008, 'Is Cross Compliance an Effective Policy?
239. The Silent Tsunami: The food crisis and how to solve it, The Economist Volume 387, number 8576.
240. variously European Commission, An EU Strategy for Biofuels, COM(2006) 34 final,.
241. st Century: Building a More Sustainable Future, COM(2006) 848 final.
242. Rodgers, C. Environmental Gain, Set Aside and the Implementation of EU Agricultural Reform in the United Kingdom, in Rodgers (ed.) (1996), Nature Conservation and Countryside Law (Cardiff: University of Wales Press) 116.
243. Council for the Protection of Rural England (1993), Agriculture and England's Environment (London: CPRE) paras. 6.1-6.4, quoted in Rodgers, C., footnote 185 above.
244. Hawke, N., Kovaleva, N. (1998), AgriEnvironmental Law and Policy (London: Cavendish Publishing Ltd) 85.
245. Crabb, J. et al., Set Aside Landscapes: Farmer Perceptions and Practices in England, [1998] 23 Landscape Research 237.
246. Winter, M., The Arable Crops Regime and the Countryside Implications, in Brouwer, F., Lowe, P. (eds) (2000), CAP Regimes and the European Countryside (Wallingford; CABI Publishing) 121.
247. Council for the Protection of Rural England and World Wide Fund for Nature (1996), Sustainable Agriculture in the UK (London: CPRE & WWF) 116,.
248. Firbank, L.G. (ed.) (1998), Agronomic and Environmental Evaluation of Set Aside under the EC Arable Area Payments Scheme, Volume 1 (Grange-over-Sands: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology).
249. Poulsen J.G., Sotherton N.W., Aebischer N.J. (1998), Comparative nesting and feeding ecology of skylarks Alauda arvensis on arable farmland in southern England with special reference to set-aside, [1998] Journal of Applied Ecology 131.
250. 'We must not set our natural environment aside', at http://www.naturalEngland.org.UK/about_us/news/2009/050609.aspx [last accessed 10 August 2009].
251. Rodgers, C. (1998), Agricultural Law 2nd ed. (London: Butterworths) 435.
252. House of Commons Agriculture Select Committee (1997), Environmentally Sensitive Areas and Other Schemes Under the Agri-Environment Regulation, Volume 1, Session 1996-1997 Second Report, HC-45, xxi.
253. European Commission (2005), The Agricultural Situation in the European Union: 2004 Report (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities), table 3.4.1.
254. Buckwell, A. et al. (1997), Towards a Common Agricultural and Rural Policy for Europe (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities).
255. Potter C., (1996), Decoupling by Degrees: Agricultural Liberalisation and its Implications for Nature Conservation in Britain, Peterborough: English Nature.
256. Jenkins, T.N. (1990), Future Harvests: The Economics of Farming and the Environment - Proposals for Action (London: Council for Protection of Rural England).
257. Tangermann, S. A Bond Scheme for Supporting Farm Incomes, in Marsh, J. et al. (eds), (1991), The Changing Role of the Common Agricultural Policy: The Future of Farming in Europe (London: Belhaven),.
258. Harvey, D.R. Agriculture and the Environment: The Way Forward?, in N. Hanley (ed.) (1991), Farming and the Countryside: An Analysis of External Costs and Benefits (Wallingford: CAB International).
259. Potter, C. (1996), Decoupling by Degrees? Agricultural Liberalisation and its Implications for Nature Conservation in Great Britain, English Nature Research Report 196 (Peterborough: English Nature), 6.
260. Potter, C. (1998), Against the Grain, AgriEnvironmental Reform in the United States and the European Union (Wallingford: CAB International) 128-153.
261. A Sustainable Europe for a Better World: A European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development, COM(2001)264 final, 6, 12-13.
262. http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/events/salzburg/index_en.htm [last accessed 19 February 2009]
263. Limiting Global Climate Change to Two Degrees Celsius, COM (2007).
264. A Sustainable Europe for a Better World: A European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development, COM (2001).
265. European Commission (2007), Rural Development in the European Union: Statistical and Economic Information (Brussels: European Commission Directorate General for Agriculture) 20.
266. Grant, W. (1997), The Common Agricultural Policy (London: Macmillan) 71.
267. European Commission, Mid Term Review of the Common Agricultural Policy, COM (2002)394, 9.
268. Cardwell, M. (2004), The European Model of Agriculture (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 198.
269. Special Report No.4/2003 concerning rural development: support for less favoured areas, [2003] OJ C151/1, 4.
270. Fennell, R. (1997), The Common Agricultural Policy: Continuity and Change (Oxford: Clarendon Press) 345.
271. Jenkins, T.N. (1990), Future Harvests, The Economics of Farming and the Environment: Proposals for Action (London: Council for the Protection of Rural England) 29.
272. Wathern, P. Less Favoured Areas and Environmentally Sensitive Areas: A European Dimension to the Rural Environment, in Howarth, W., Rodgers, C. (eds) (1995), Agriculture, Conservation and Land Use: Law and Policy Issues for Rural Areas (Cardiff: University of Wales Press) 206,.
273. The Wildlife Trusts (1996), Crisis in the Hills: Overgrazing in the Uplands (Lincoln: The Wildlife Trusts) 10.
274. Wildlife and Countryside Link (1997), Farming in the Uplands in the Next Millennium (London: Wildlife and Countryside Link) 5.
275. Lovegrove, R., Shrubb, M. and Williams, I. (1995), Silent Fields - The Current Status of Farmland Birds in Wales (Sandy: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds).
276. Baldock, D., Beaufoy, G. (1993), Nature Conservation and New Directions in the EC Common Agricultural Policy (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy).
277. Beaufoy, G., Baldock, D., Clark, J. (1994), The Nature of Farming: Low Intensity Farming Systems in Nine European Countries (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy),.
278. Hellegers, P., Godeschalk, F. (1998), Farming in High Nature Value Regions: The Role of Agricultural Policy in Maintaining HNV Farming Systems in Europe (The Hague: Agricultural Economics Research Institute),.
279. Dax, T., Hellegers, P. Policies for Less Favoured Areas,.
280. Brouwer, F. and Lowe, P. (2000), CAP Regimes and the European Countryside (Wallingford: CAB International),.
281. Cooper, T., et al. (2006), An Evaluation of the Less Favoured Area Measure in the 25 Member States of the European Union (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy), chapter 9.
282. Wilson, J. The Extent and Distribution of Low Intensity Agricultural Land in Britain, in Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) (1991), Birds and Pastoral Agriculture in Europe (Peterborough: JNCC).
283. Bignal, E., McCracken, D. The Ecological Resources of European Farmland, in Whitby, M. (ed.) (1996), The European Environment and CAP Reform: Policies and Prospects for Conservation (Wallingford: CAB International) 30.
284. Baldock, D., Lowe, P. The Development of European Agri-Environment Policy, in Whitby, M. (ed.) (1996), The European Environment and CAP Reform: Policies and Prospects for Conservation (Wallingford: CAB International) 14.
285. Baldock, D., Beaufoy, G., footnote 53 above, 61 and Potter, C. (1998), Against the Grain: Agri-Environmental Reform in the United States and the European Union (Wallingford: CAB International) 107.
286. Cooper, T., et al. (2006), An Evaluation of the Less Favoured Area Measure Scheme in the 25 Member States of the European Union (London: Institute of European Environmental Policy).
287. European Commission (2008), Review of the 'Less Favoured Area' Scheme: Public Consultation Document for Impact Assessment (Brussels: European Commission).
288. European Environment Agency, (2004), High Nature Value Farmland: Characteristics, Trends and Policy Challenges (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 16.
289. European Commission, Directions Towards Sustainable Agriculture, COM (99) 22 Final, 28.
290. Wildlife Link (1995), Agri-Environment Management Agreements: Their Benefits and Future (London: Wildlife Link) 6.
291. European Commission (1986), Agriculture and Environment: Management Agreements in Four Countries of the European Community (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 15.
292. Whitby, M., Lowe, P. (1995), The Political and Economic Roots of Environmental Policy in Agriculture, in Whitby, M. (ed.) (1995), Incentives for Countryside Management: The Case of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (Wallingford: CAB International) 10.
293. Turner, K., The Broads Grazing Marshes Conservation Scheme, [1985] 10 Landscape Research 28-29.
294. O'Riordan, T., Halvergate: The Policy and Politics of Change, in Gilg, A., (ed.) (1985), Countryside Planning Yearbook (Norwich: Geobooks).
295. Baldock, D., Lowe, P. (1996), The Development of European Agri-Environment Policy, in M. Whitby (ed.) (1996), The European Environment and CAP Reform: Policies and Prospects for Conservation (Wallingford: CAB International).
296. Potter, C. (1998), Against the Grain: Agri-Environmental Reform in the United States and the European Union (Wallingford: CAB International) 49.
297. House of Lords Select Committee on the European Communities, Agriculture and the Environment, 20th Report Session 1983-1984 (London: HMSO).
298. Haigh, N. (1987), EEC Environmental Policy and Britain, 2nd ed. (Harlow: Longman Group UK Ltd) 311.
299. European Commission, Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Introduction and Maintenance of Agricultural Production Methods Compatible with the Requirements of the Protection of the Environment and the Maintenance of the Countryside, COM (1990) 366 Final. Once again the four Member States concerned were Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
300. European Commission, Report on the Application of Council Regulation 2078/92, COM (1997) 620.
301. Buller, H. (2000), Regulation 2078: Patterns of Implementation, in Buller, H., Wilson, G.A., Höll, A. (2000), Agri-environmental Policy in the European Union (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd).
302. Environmentally Sensitive Areas and Other Schemes Under the Agri-Environment Regulation, 2nd Report, Session 1996-1997, HC45-11, 273.
303. Court of Auditors, Special Report 14/2000, Greening the CAP, OJ [2000] C353/1, 18.
304. European Commission (2005), Agri-Environment Measures: Overview on General Principles, Types of Measures and Application, Brussels: European Commission, 10.
305. Potter, C., (1998), Against the Grain: Agri-Environmental Reform in the United States and the European Union, Wallingford: CAB International, 125.
306. European Commission (2004), The Agricultural Situation in the European Union: 2003 Report (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities),.
307. European Commission (1999), Agriculture, Environment, Rural Development: Facts and Figures - A Challenge for Agriculture (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 121.
308. European Commission (2005), Agri-Environment Measures: Overview on General Principles, Types of Measures and Application (Brussels: European Commission) 7.
309. European Commission (2005), Agri-Environment Measures: Overview on General Principles, Types of Measures and Application (Brussels: European Commission) 9.
310. European Commission (2005), Agri-Environment Measures: Overview on General Principles, Types of Measures and Application (Brussels: European Commission) 6.
311. European Commission (2008), The Agricultural Situation in the European Union, 2007 Report (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) table 3.4.3.1.
312. European Commission (2008), Rural Development in the European Union: Statistical and Economic Report 2007 (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 19.
313. Snyder, F.G. (1985), Law of the Common Agricultural Policy (London: Sweet and Maxwell Ltd) 164.
314. Greening the CAP, OJ [2000] C353/1, 36.
315. Dhont, N. (2003), Integration of Environmental Protection into Other EC Policies (Groningen: Europa Press) 272.
316. Is Cross Compliance an Effective Policy? Available at http://eca.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/publications/auditreportsandopinions/specialreports. Search under 2008 to access the report.
317. Baldock, D. et al. (1993), Nature Conservation and New Directions in the EC Common Agricultural Policy (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy).
318. Beaufoy, G. et al. (1994), The Nature of Farming: Low Intensity Farming Systems in Nine European Countries (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy)
319. Bignal, E., McCracken, D., Ecological Resources of European Farmland, in Whitby, M. (ed.) (1996), The European Environment and CAP Reform, Policies and Prospects for Conservation (Wallingford: CAB International).
320. European Commission (2004), Working Document: Biodiversity Action Plan for Agriculture - Implementation Report (Brussels: European Commission Agriculture Directorate General) 10.
321. Hart, K., Wilson, G.A. (2000), United Kingdom: from agri-environmental policy shaper to policy receiver.
322. Buller, H., Wilson, G.A. (eds) (2000), Agri-Environmental Policy in the European Union (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd) 103.
323. House of Commons Agriculture Committee, 2nd Report, Session 1996-1997, Environmentally Sensitive Areas and Other Schemes Under the Agri-Environment Regulation, HC-45-I, xviii.
324. European Commission (1999), Agriculture, environment, rural development: Facts and Figures: A Challenge for Agriculture (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 124.
325. Whitby, M., Lowe, P. The Political and Economic Roots of Environmental Policy in Agriculture, in Whitby, M. (1994), Incentives for Countryside Management: The Case of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (Wallingford: CAB International) 18.
326. Morris, C., Potter, C. (1995), Recruiting the new conservationists: farmers' adoption of agri-environmental schemes in the United Kingdom. [1995] 11 Journal of Rural Studies 51-63.
327. Potter, C. (1998), Against the Grain, Agri-Environmental Reform in the United States and European Union (Wallingford: CAB International) 89.
328. Potter, C. (1998), Against the Grain, Agri-Environmental Reform in the United States and European Union (Wallingford: CAB International) xxxvi.
329. Potter, C. (1998), Against the Grain, Agri-Environmental Reform in the United States and European Union (Wallingford: CAB International) xxxi.
330. Potter, C. (1998), Against the Grain, Agri-Environmental Reform in the United States and European Union (Wallingford: CAB International) xxxii and xxxiii.
331. DEFRA, Natural England, (2008), Environmental Stewardship: Review of Progress (London: DEFRA & Natural England) 87.
332. Policy Committee on the Future of Farming and Food, Farming and Food: A Sustainable Future (London: The Cabinet Office) 84 and House of Commons Agriculture Committee, footnote 79 above, para. 51.
333. DEFRA webpage, at http://www.defra.gov.UK/rural/rdpe/index.htm. [last accessed 6 August 2009].
334. DEFRA (2008), Environment in Your Pocket: 2007 (London: DEFRA) 57.
335. DEFRA web-page at http://www.defra.gov.UK/rural/rdpe/index.htm. [last accessed 6 August 2009].
336. Lynggard, K. (2008), The Common Agricultural Policy and Organic Farming: An Institutional Perspective on Continuity and Change (Wallingford: CAC International) 102.
337. Padel, S. Lampkin, N., Farmland Performance of Organic Systems, in Lampkin, N., Padel, S. (eds) (1994), The Economics of Organic Farming: An International Perspective (Wallingford: CAB International).
338. Bartram, H., Perkins, A., The Biodiversity benefits of organic farming, all in OECD (2003), Organic Agriculture: Sustainability, Markets and Policies (Wallingford: CABI).
339. Lampkin, N., Padel, S., Foster, C. Organic Farming, in Brouwer, F., Lowe, P. (eds) (2000), CAP Regimes and the European Countryside (Wallingford: CAB International) 222.
340. European Commission (1999), Agriculture, Environment, Rural Development: Facts and Figures - A Challenge for Agriculture (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 109.
341. European Commission (2005), Organic Farming in the EU: Facts and Figures (Brussels: European Commission) 10.
342. Gill, E. Organic Farming Under the Green Spotlight, [2007] 386 ENDS Report 37.
343. The Soil Association (2006), Organic Market Report 2006 (Bristol: The Soil Association) 2.
344. European Commission (2001), Organic Farming: A Guide to Community Rules (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 4.
345. European Commission (2001), Organic Farming: A Guide to Community Rules (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 5.
346. The compendium may be viewed at http://www.defra.gov.UK/farm/organic/standards/index.htm [last accessed 6 August 2009].
347. European Parliament v European Commission [1995] ECR I-2019.
348. Macmaolain, C. (2006), EU Food Law, (Oxford: Hart Publishing) 260.
349. Based upon the figures supplied in European Commission (2005), The Agricultural Situation in the European Union, 2004 Report (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) table 3.6.2.3.
350. House of Commons Agriculture Committee (1997), Second Report: Environmentally Sensitive Areas and Other Schemes Under the Agri-Environment Regulation, Session 1996-97 (London: HMSO) HC-45-I, xxxi.
351. House of Commons Agriculture Committee (1997), Second Report: Environmentally Sensitive Areas and Other Schemes Under the Agri-Environment Regulation, Session 1996-97 (London: HMSO) HC-45-I, xxxii.
352. Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (2008), Countryside Management Scheme 2007-2013 (Belfast: DARD) 92.
353. Lockeretz, W. What are the key issues for consumers?, in OECD (2003), Organic Agriculture: Sustainability, Markets and Policies (Wallingford: CAB International Publishing) 241.
354. European Commission, European Action Plan for Organic Food and Farming, COM (2004) 415.
355. Hickman, M., UK backs African farmers in battle over imported produce, The Independent, 26 September 2007, 10.
356. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2002), Action Plan to Develop Organic Food and Farming in England (London: DEFRA) 2.
357. Convention on Biological Diversity, Decision 6/26: Strategic Plan for the Convention on Biological Diversity (19 April 2002) available at http://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?d=7200.
358. European Environment Agency (2006), Progress Towards Halting the Loss of Biodiversity by 2010 (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 21
359. European Commission, A Sustainable Europe for a Better World: A European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development, COM (2001)264 final, 12.
360. European Commission, Halting the Loss of Biodiversity by 2010 - And Beyond: Sustaining Ecosystem Services for Human Well-being, COM (2006)216
361. Case C-6/04 European Commission v United Kingdom [2006] Env. L.R. 29.
362. Reid C.T. (2006), Implementing EC Conservation Law, [2006] 18 Journal of Environmental Law, 135.
363. Case C-117/00 European Commission v Ireland, [2002] I-5335
364. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs webpage http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/protected-areas/spa.htm [last accessed 2 November 2008]
365. Case C-355/90 European Commission v Spain [1993] ECR I-4221 (Santoña Marshes)
366. Case C-44/95 R v Secretary of State for the Environment, ex parte Royal Society for the Protection of Birds [1996] ECR I-3805 (Lappel Bank)
367. Case C-247/85 European Commission v Belgium [1987] ECR 3029
368. Case 262/85 European Commission v Italy [1987] ECR 3073.
369. Case C-3/96 European Commission v The Netherlands [1998] ECR I-3031
370. Case C-166/97 European Commission v France [1999] ECR I-1719.
371. Brown v Secretary of State for Transport [2004] Env. LR 26
372. Case C-355/90 European Commission v Spain [1993] ECR I-4221 para 57
373. Case C-166/97 European Commission v France [1999] ECR I-1719, para. 22.
374. Case C-57/89 European Commission v Germany [1991] ECR I-883 (Leybruch Dykes).
375. Case C-371/98 R v Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions, ex parte First Corporate Shipping [2001] ECR I-9235, paras. 13-16.
376. Reid, C. (2002), Nature Conservation Law, 2nd ed. (Edinburgh: W. Green & Son Ltd), para.5.2.23.
377. Nollkaemper, A., Habitat Protection in the European Community: Evolving Concepts of a Balance of Interests, [1997] Journal of Environmental Law 271
378. case C-57/89 European Commission v Germany [1991] ECR I-883
379. Case C-374/98 European Commission v France [2000] ECR I-10799
380. European Commission, Report on the Implementation of Council Directive 79/409/ EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds, COM (2006)164 final, 9.
381. Holdaway, E., Holdaway, H. (2000), Making the Habitats Directive Work (London: WWF) 3.
382. European Commission, Report on the Implementation of Council Directive 92/43/ EC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora, COM (2003)845
383. Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs website http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/protected-areas/sac.htm [last accessed 2 November 2008]
384. European Commission (2000), Managing Natura 2000 Sites: The Provisions of Article 6 of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC (Brussels: European Commission) 13.
385. Case C-355/90 European Commission v Spain [1993] ECR I-4221, para. 57.
386. European Commission, Report on the Implementation of Directive 92/43 on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora, COM (2003)845 final, 29.
387. European Commission, Preparing for the 'Health Check' of the CAP Reform, COM (2007)722, 9.
388. European Commission, Biodiversity Action Plan for Agriculture, COM (2001)162
389. European Commission, (2004), Biodiversity Plan for Agriculture: Implementation Report (Brussels: (European Commission) 4.
390. European Environment Agency (2006), Progress Towards Halting the Loss of Biodiversity by 2010 (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 42.
391. European Commission (2004), Working Document: Biodiversity Action Plan for Agriculture - Implementation Report (Brussels: European Commission,) 20
392. European Commission, Financing Natura 2000, COM (2004)431, 5.
393. Beaufoy, G. (1999), Natura 2000: Opportunities and Obstacles (London: World Wildlife Fund Ltd) 15.
394. Silva, J.P., et al. (2009), Learning from LIFE: Nature Conservation Best Practices, (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 6, available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/publications/lifepublications/lifefocus/documents/best_nat.pdf [accessed August 12, 2009].
395. European Commission Agriculture Directorate General (2004), Biodiversity Action Plan for Agriculture: Implementation Report (Brussels: European Commission) 20.
396. Jack, B., The European Community and Biodiversity Loss: Missing the Target. [2006] 15 Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 304, at 314.
397. Birdlife International (1996), Nature Conservation Benefits of Plans under the Agri-environment Regulation (Sandy: Birdlife International)
398. Lowe, P. and Baldock, D. Integration of Environmental Objectives into Agricultural Policy Making, in Brouwer, F. and Lowe, P. (eds) (2000), CAP Regimes and the European Countryside (Wallingford: CAB International) 45-48.
399. Fennell, R. (1997), The Common Agricultural Policy: Continuity and Change (Oxford: Clarendon Press) 345.
400. See Baldock, D. et al. (1993), Nature Conservation and New Directions in the EC Common Agricultural Policy (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy)
401. Beaufoy, G. et al. (1994), The Nature of Farming: Low Intensity Farming Systems in Nine European Countries (London: Institute for European Environmental Policy)
402. Bignal, E. and McCracken, D., Ecological Resources of European Farmland, in Whitby, M. (ed.) (1996), The European Environment and CAP Reform, Policies and Prospects for Conservation (Wallingford: CAB International).
403. Wilson, J., The Extent and Distribution of Low Intensity Agricultural Land in Britain, in Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) (1991), Birds and Pastoral Agriculture in Europe (Peterborough: JNCC).
404. European Environment Agency (2004), High Nature Value Farmland: Characteristics, Trends and Policy Challenges (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 14.
405. European Environment Agency (2004), High Nature Value Farmland: Characteristics, Trends and Policy Challenges (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency 15.
406. European Environment Agency, (2006), Progress Towards Halting the Loss of Biodiversity by 2010 (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 35.
407. European Commission, Memorandum on the Reform of Agriculture in the European Economic Community and Annexes (1969) 1 Bull. E.C. 1.
408. Court of Auditors, Special Report 4/2003, Concerning Rural Development: Support for Less Favoured Areas, [2003] OJ C151/3.
409. Buckwell, A. et al. (1998), Towards a Common Agricultural and Rural Policy for Europe, European Economy and Studies No.5 (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities).
410. European Commission, Biodiversity Plan for Agriculture, COM (2001)162 final 16.
411. European Commission (2005), Agri-Environment Measures: Overview on General Principles, Types of Measures and Application (Brussels: European Commission Agriculture Directorate General) 16.
412. European Commission (2004), Working Document: Biodiversity Action Plan for Agriculture - Implementation Report (Brussels: European Commission Agriculture Directorate General) 10.
413. European Commission (2005), Agri-Environment Measures: Overview on General Principles, Types of Measures and Application (Brussels: European Commission Agriculture Directorate General) 7.
414. Agra Europe (1991), Agra Europe Special Report No.60 - Agriculture and the Environment: How will the European Community Resolve the Conflict? (London: Agra Europe Ltd) 9.
415. Dietz, F.J. Heinjnes, H., Nutrient Emissions From Agriculture, in Dietz, F.J., Vollebergh, H.R.J., Veries, J.L. (eds) (1993), Environmental Incentives and the Common Market (Dordrecht: Kluwer) 15.
416. Crouzet, P., Nixon, S., Rees, Y. et al. (2000), Nutrients in European Ecosystems (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 28.
417. Nixon, S., Trent, Z., Marcuello, C. et al. (2003), Europe's Water: An Indicator Based Assessment (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 44.
418. european Environment Agency (2001), Environmental Signals 2001 (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 53.
419. Stanners, D. and Bourdeau, P. (eds) (1995), Europe's Environment: The Dobris Assessment (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 94.
420. European Environment Agency (2002), Environmental Signals 2002: Benchmarking the Millennium (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 92.
421. Crouzet, P., Leonard, J., Nixon S. et al. (2000), Nutrients in European Eco-Systems (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 32.
422. world Health Organisation (1970), European Standards for Drinking Water 2nd ed. (Copenhagen: World Health Organisation, Regional Office for Europe) 28.
423. Crouzet, P., Nixon, S., Rees, Y. et al. (2000), Nutrients in European Ecosystem (Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities) 36.
424. Hauer v Land RheinlandPfalz [1979].
425. Hermann Schräder HS Kraftfutter GmbH & Co. KG [1989].
426. Germany v Council of the European Union [1994].
427. Commission v France [2002].
428. Commission v France [2004].
429. Commission v France (Waste Water) para. 19 of the judgment.
430. Commission v France (Nitrate) para. 50.
431. Commission v Ireland [2004].
432. European Commission v France (Waste Water).
433. R v Secretary of State for the Environment, ex parte Standley [1999].
434. European Commission v Italy [2002]
435. European Commission v France (Nitrate) paras. 68-69.
436. Commission v France (Waste Water), para. 21.
437. The Protection of Water Against Agricultural Nitrate Pollution Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2004.
438. Welsh Assembly Government (2007), The Protection of Waters against Pollution from Agriculture: Consultation on the Implementation of the Nitrates Directive in Wales (Cardiff: Welsh Assembly Government).
439. Scottish Government (2005), Nitrate Vulnerable Zones in Scotland: Review of Designations of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (Edinburgh: Scottish Government).
440. European Environment Agency (2003), Europe's Environment: The Third Assessment (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 174-175.
441. European Environment Agency (2003), Europe's Environment: The Third Assessment (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 176.
442. Stanners D., Bordeau, P. (1995), Europe's Environment: the Dobříš Assessment (Copenhagen: European Environment Agency) 336.
443. Foy, R.H. et al., Changing Perspectives on the Importance of Urban Phosphorous Inputs as the Cause of Nutrient Enrichment in Lough Neagh (2003), The Science of the Total Environment 87-99.
444. DEFRA (2001), Groundwater Protection Code: Use and Disposal of Sheep Dip and Compounds (London: DEFRA).
445. European Commission v Germany [1991].
446. European Commission, Report on the Implementation of the Community Waste Legislation for the Period 2001-2003, COM (2006)406 final 6.
447. Inter-Environnement Wallonie v Regione Wallone, [1997].
448. ARCO Chemie Nederland Ltd [2000].
449. Palin Granit Oy [2002].
450. European Commission v Spain [2005].
451. European Commission v The United Kingdom, Times Law Reports 6 January 2005.
452. European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the Council and the Parliament on Remedying Environmental Damage, COM (93) 47 final and European Commission, White Paper on Environmental Liability, COM (2000) 66 final.
453. Lee, M. Tort, regulation and environmental liability, [2002] 22 Legal Studies 33-52.
454. Wilde, M. EC Commission's White Paper on Environmental Liability: Issues and Implications, [2001] 13 Journal of Environmental Law 21-37.
455. Bell, S., McGillivray, D. (2008), Environmental Law, 8th ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 363.
456. European Commission, White Paper on Environmental Liability, footnote 143 above, 22.
457. European Commission v Ireland [1999].
458. European Commission, White Paper on Food Safety, COM (1999) 719 final, 6.
459. ENDS Report January 2009, 5.
460. MacMaolain, C. (2007), EU Food Law: Protecting Consumers and Health in a Common Market (Oxford: Hart Publishing) 175-179.
461. Vincent, K. 'Mad Cows and Eurocrats- Community Responses to the BSE Crisis, [2004] 10 European Law Journal 500-504.
462. european Parliament Committee of Inquiry (Rapporteur Manuel Medina Ortega), Report on alleged contraventions or maladministration in the implementation of Community law in relation to BSE, without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the Community and national courts, (A4-0020/97) AI para. I.4.
463. European Parliament Committee of Inquiry, (Rapporteur: Manuel Medina Ortega) Report on alleged contraventions or maladministration in the implementation of Community law relating to BSE, without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the Community and national courts (A4-0020/97).
464. European Parliament Committee of Inquiry, (Rapporteur: Reimer Böge) Report on the European Commission's follow up of the recommendations made by the Committee of Inquiry into BSE (A4-0362/97).
465. Special Report 19/98 concerning the Community financing of certain measures taken as a result of the BSE crisis, accompanied by the replies of the Commission, [1998].
466. Special Report 14/2001 Follow up to Special Report No.19/98 on BSE, together with the Commission replies, [2001].
467. European Commission, Green Paper on the Principles of Food Law in the European Union, COM (1997)
468. White Paper on Food Safety, COM(1999) 719 final.
469. Cardwell, M. (2004), The European Model of Agriculture (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 266.
470. Barnard, C. (2007), The Substantive Law of the EU: The Four Freedoms, 2nd ed., (Oxford: Oxford University Press) chapters 5-8.
471. Charmasson v Minister for Economic Affairs and Finance [1974].
472. Pigs Marketing Board v Redmond [1978].
473. Denkavit Futtermittel GmbH [1985].
474. United Kingdom v European Commission [1996].
475. United Kingdom v Council [1988].
476. Special Report 19/98 concerning the Community financing of certain measures taken as a result of the BSE crisis, accompanied by the replies of the Commission, [1998].
477. O'Rourke, R. (2005), European Food Law 3rd ed. (London: Sweet and Maxwell Ltd) 195.
478. Kanska, K., Wolves in the Clothing of Sheep? The Case of the European Food Safety Authority, [2004] European Law Review 711-727.
479. Chalmers, D., 'Food for Thought': Reconciling European Risks and Traditional Ways of Life, [2003] 66 Modern Law Review, 532-562.
480. Kanska, K., Wolves in the Clothing of Sheep? The Case of the European Food Safety Authority, [2004] 29 European Law Review 711-727.
481. Freestone, D., and Ryland, D., EC Environmental Law After Maastricht, [1994] 45 Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 156.
482. Boehmer-Christiansen, S., The Precautionary Principle in Germany - enabling Government, in O'Riordan, T., and Cameron J., (eds) (2004), Interpreting the Precautionary Principle (London: Earthscan Publications).
483. Berends G., Carreno, I., Safeguards in Food Law - Ensuring Food Scares are Scarce, [2005] 30 European Law Review 399.
484. Streinz, R., The Precautionary Principle in Food Law, [1998] 4 European Food Law Review 413.
485. United Kingdom v European Commission [1998].
486. R v Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ex. parte National Farmers Union [1998].
487. MacMaolain, C. (2007), EU Food Law: Protecting Consumers and Health in a Common Market, (Oxford: Hart Publishing) 196.
488. Artegodan & Others v European Commission [2002].
489. Lee, M. (2005), EU Environmental Law: Challenges, Change and Decision Making (Oxford: Hart Publishing) 100.
490. Haigh, N., The Precautionary Principle: The Commission's View, [1996] 14 Environmental Liability 55.
491. MacDonald, J., Appreciating the Precautionary Principle as an Ethical Evolution in Ocean Management, [1995] 26 Ocean Development and International Law 263.
492. European Commission, Communication on the Precautionary Principle, COM(2000) 1 Final, 9.
493. Pfizer Animal Health SA v Council of the European Union [2002].
494. Alpharma Inc. v Council of the European Union [2002].
495. Tsioumani, E., Genetically Modified Organisms in the EU: Public Attitudes and Regulatory Developments, [2004] 13 Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 279.
496. Cardwell, M., The Release of Genetically Modified Organisms into the Environment: Public Concerns and Regulatory Responses, [2002] Environmental Law Review 156.
497. Burton, M., et al., Consumer Attitudes to Genetically Modified Organisms in the UK, [2001] 28 European Review of Agricultural Economics.
498. Carson L., Lee R., Consumer Sovereignty and the Regulatory History of the European Market for Genetically Modified Foods [2005] 7 Environmental Law Review 173.
499. MacMaolain, C., The New Genetically Modified Food Labelling Requirements: Finally a Lasting Solution? [2003] 28 European Law Review 865.
500. Hervey, T., Regulation of Genetically Modified Products in a Multi-Level System of Governance: Science or Citizens, (2001) 10 Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 321.
501. Lee, M., The Governance of CoExistence Between GMOs and Other Forms of Agriculture: A Purely Economic Issue? [2008] 20 Journal of Environmental Law 193.
502. Establishing Guidelines for the Development of National Strategies and Best Practices to Ensure the Co-existence of Genetically Modified Crops with Conventional and Organic Farming, [2003].
503. Report on the implementation of national measures on the co-existence of genetically modified crops with conventional organic farming, COM(2006).
504. DEFRA (2006), Consultation on proposals for managing the co-existence of GM, conventional and organic crops (London: DEFRA).
505. Rodgers C.P., DEFRA's Co-Existence Proposals for GM Crops: A Recipe for Confrontation? [2008] 10 Environmental Law Review, 1.
506. Cardwell, M., The Release of Genetically Modified Organisms into the Environment: Public Concerns and Regulatory Responses, [2002] 4 Environmental Law Review 156.
507. Campbell, D., Of Coase and Corn: A (Sort of) Defence of Private Nuisance, [2000] 63 Modern Law Review 97.
508. European Commission, Mid Term Review of the Common Agricultural Policy, COM (2002)394, 7.
509. Josling, T., Tangermann, S., Warley, S. (1994), Agriculture in the GATT (London: Macmillan)
510. McMahon, J.A., From Havana to Seattle: A History of Trade and Agriculture, in McMahon, J.A. (ed.) (2001), Trade and Agriculture Negotiating a New Agreement? (London: Cameron May).
511. Van den Bossche, P. (2005), The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organisation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
512. Ritson C., Harvey, D.R. (eds) (1997), The Common Agricultural Policy, 2nd ed. (Wallingford: CAB International) 378
513. Greenway, D., The Uruguay Round: Expectations and Outcomes, in Ingerset, K.A., Rayner, A.J., Hine, R.C. (eds) (1994), Agriculture in the Uruguay Round (London: Macmillan) 12.
514. Tyers, R. The Cairns Group Perspective, in Ingerset, K.A., Rayner, A.J., Hine, R.C. (eds), Agriculture in the Uruguay Round, footnote 4 above, 97.
515. Josling, T., The CAP and North America, in Ritson, C.R., and Harvey, D.R., The Common Agricultural Policy, footnote 4 above, 363.
516. Potter C., Ervin, D.E., Freedom to Farm: Agricultural Policy Liberalisation in the US and EU, in Redclift, M.R., Lekakis, J.N., Zanais, G. (eds) (1999), Agriculture and World Trade Liberalisation: Socio-Environmental Perspectives on the Common Agricultural Policy (Wallingford: CAB International) 55.
517. Tyers, R., The Cairns Group Perspective, both in Ingerset, K.A., Rayner A.J., and Hine, R.C. (eds), Agriculture in the Uruguay Round, footnote 4 above.
518. Josling, T., Tangermann, S., Warley, T. (eds) (1996), Agriculture in the GATT (London: Macmillian) at chapter 7
519. Doha Round, [2006] 55 International Comparative Law Quarterly
520. McMahon, J.A. (2000), Law of the Common Agricultural Policy (London: Pearson Education) 151-158.
521. Ritson C., Harvey, D.R. (1997), The Common Agricultural Policy (Wallingford: CAB International) 385
522. Josling, T., Tangermann, S., and Warley, T. (eds) (1996), Agriculture in the GATT (London: Macmillan)
523. Grossman, M.R., The URAA and Domestic Support, in Cardwell, M., Grossman, M.R. and. Rodgers, C.P., (eds) (2003), Agriculture and International Trade; Law, Policy and the WTO (Wallingford: CAB Publishing) 40.
524. Ritson C., and Harvey D.R., (eds) (1997), The Common Agricultural Policy (Wallingford: CAB International) 387.
525. Neville, W., Mordaunt F., (1993), A Guide to the Reformed Common Agricultural Policy (London: Estates Gazette) 84.
526. Rodgers, C.P., Renegotiating the WTO Agreement on Agriculture: Biodiversity and Agricultural Policy Reform at a Crossroads? [2004] 6 Environmental Law Review 73.
527. Concerning Rural Development: Support for Less Favoured Areas, [2003] OJ L151/12, 14.
528. Smith, F., Non Trade Concerns and Agriculture in a Post-Doha Environment: Thinking Outside the Green Box, [2007] 9 Environmental Law Review 90
529. Cardwell, M., 2004. The European Model of Agriculture (Oxford: Oxford University Press) 333-341
530. Grossman, M.R., Multifunctionality and Non-trade Concerns and Cardwell, M., Multifunctionality of Agriculture: A European Community Perspective, both in Cardwell, M., Grossman M.R., and Rodgers, C.P. (2003), Agriculture and International Trade: Law, Policy and the WTO (Wallingford: CAB International)
531. O'Neill, M., Agriculture, the EC and the WTO: a legal critical analysis of the concepts of sustainability and multifunctionality, [2002] Environmental Law Review 144.
532. Grossman, M.R., Multifunctionality and Non-trade Concerns, in Cardwell, M. Grossman, M.R., and Rodgers, C.P. (eds), Agriculture and International Trade: Law, Policy and the WTO, footnote 45 above, 100-102.
533. Sensi S., Werksman J. Inside the Green Box: 'Multifunctional' Agriculture and the Protection of the Environment, in McMahon, J.A., (ed.) (2001), Trade and Agriculture: Negotiating a New Agreement? (London: Cameron May) 463
534. Marceau, G., Morrissey, J., Clarification of the Dispute Settlement Understanding brought by WTO Jurisprudence in McMahon, J.A., (ed.) (2001), Trade and Agriculture: Negotiating a New Agreement (London: Cameron May).
535. Redgwell, C., Trade Measures and Environmental Protection, in McMahon, J.A., (ed.) (2001), Trade and Agriculture: Negotiating a New Agreement? (London: Cameron May).
536. Cheyne, I., Life after the Biotech Products Dispute, [2008] Environmental Law Review, 52.
537. World Health Organisation and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (2005), Understanding the Codex Alimentarius, (World Health Organisation and Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations).
538. European Commission, 2007. General Guidance on EU Import and Transit Rules for Live Animals and Animal Products From 3rd Countries, Brussels: European Commission, available at http://ec.europa.eu/food/international/trade/guide_thirdcountries2006_en.pdf [last accessed 10 August 2009].
539. Black, R., (2003), The Legal Basis for Control of Imports of Animals and Plant Material into the United Kingdom, [2003] 5 Environmental Law Review 179 at 186.