메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 347-361

Crown fire potential in lodgepole pine forests during the red stage of mountain pine beetle attack

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84899821038     PISSN: 0015752X     EISSN: 14643626     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/forestry/cpu003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (19)

References (93)
  • 2
    • 0344518917 scopus 로고
    • Fuels description in lodgepole pine stands of the Colorado Front Range
    • Alexander , M.E. 1979 Fuels description in lodgepole pine stands of the Colorado Front Range. Colo. State Univ., M.Sc. thesis. 150 p.
    • (1979) Colo. State Univ..Sc. Thesis , pp. 150
    • Alexander, M.E.1
  • 3
    • 0001647536 scopus 로고
    • Calculating and interpreting forest fire intensities
    • Alexander , M.E. 1982 Calculating and interpreting forest fire intensities. Can. J. Bot. 60, 349-357.
    • (1982) Can. J. Bot , vol.60 , pp. 349-357
    • Alexander, M.E.1
  • 4
    • 34247279799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluatingamodelfor predictingactive crown fire rate of spread using wildfire observations
    • Alexander , M.E.and Cruz, M.G.2006Evaluatingamodelfor predictingactive crown fire rate of spread using wildfire observations. Can. J. For. Res. 36, 3015-3028.
    • (2006) Can. J. For. Res , vol.36 , pp. 3015-3028
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Cruz, M.G.2
  • 5
    • 82455212380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Werth, P.A., Potter, B.E., Clements, C.B., Finney, M.A., Goodrick, S.L., Alexander , M.E., Cruz, M.G., Forthofer, J.A. and McAllister, S.S. (eds) USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-854
    • Alexander , M.E. and Cruz, M.G. 2011 Crown fire dynamics in conifer forests. In Synthesis of knowledge of extreme fire behavior: volume I for fire managers. Werth, P.A., Potter, B.E., Clements, C.B., Finney, M.A., Goodrick, S.L., Alexander , M.E., Cruz, M.G., Forthofer, J.A. and McAllister, S.S. (eds), USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-854, , pp. 107-144.
    • (2011) Crown Fire Dynamics in Conifer Forests Synthesis of Knowledge of Extreme Fire Behavior: Volume i for Fire Managers , pp. 107-144
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Cruz, M.G.2
  • 6
    • 84858626229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interdependencies between flame length and fireline intensity in predicting crown fire initiation and crown scorch height
    • Alexander , M.E. and Cruz, M.G. 2012 Interdependencies between flame length and fireline intensity in predicting crown fire initiation and crown scorch height. Int. J. Wildland Fire 21, 95-113.
    • (2012) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.21 , pp. 95-113
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Cruz, M.G.2
  • 7
    • 84871073249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are the applications of wildland fire behaviour models getting ahead of their evaluation again?
    • Alexander , M.E. and Cruz, M.G. 2013a Are the applications of wildland fire behaviour models getting ahead of their evaluation again? Environ. Modell. Software. 41, 65-71.
    • (2013) Environ. Modell. Software , vol.41 , pp. 65-71
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Cruz, M.G.2
  • 8
    • 84883394033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the effect of foliar moisture on the spread rate of crown fires
    • Alexander , M.E. and Cruz, M.G. 2013b Assessing the effect of foliar moisture on the spread rate of crown fires. Int. J. Wildland Fire 22, 415-427, 869-870.
    • (2013) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.22 , Issue.415-427 , pp. 869-870
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Cruz, M.G.2
  • 9
    • 0025546092 scopus 로고
    • Perspectives on experimental fires in Canadian forestry research
    • Alexander , M.E. and Quintilio, D. 1990 Perspectives on experimental fires in Canadian forestry research. Math. Comput. Model. 13(12), 17-26.
    • (1990) Math. Comput. Model , vol.13 , Issue.12 , pp. 17-26
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Quintilio, D.2
  • 10
    • 77951869147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland fire behavior case studies and the 1938 Honey Fire controversy
    • Alexander , M.E. and Taylor, S. W. 2010 Wildland fire behavior case studies and the 1938 Honey Fire controversy. Fire Manage. Today. 70(1), 15-25.
    • (2010) Fire Manage. Today , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-25
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Taylor, S.W.2
  • 12
    • 0004084736 scopus 로고
    • Heat transfer and fire spread USDA
    • Ander son, H.E. 1969 Heat Transfer and Fire Spread. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT-69, 20 pp.
    • (1969) For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT , vol.69 , pp. 20
    • Ander Son, H.E.1
  • 13
    • 85040296987 scopus 로고
    • Aids to determining fuel models for estimating fire behavior USDA
    • Ander son, H.E. 1982 Aids to Determining Fuel Models for Estimating Fire Behavior. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-122, 22 pp.
    • (1982) For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT , vol.122 , pp. 22
    • Ander Son, H.E.1
  • 16
    • 0005765596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Provincial safety review team: Successes and improvements
    • Greenlee, J. (ed). Int. Assn. Wildland Fire
    • Bachop, S. 1998 Provincial safety review team: successes and improvements. In Proceedings Canada/US Wildland Fire Safety Summit. Greenlee, J. (ed). Int. Assn. Wildland Fire, pp. 59-64.
    • (1998) Proceedings Canada/US Wildland Fire Safety Summit , pp. 59-64
    • Bachop, S.1
  • 18
    • 84899627379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical background of the fireline assessment method (FLAME)
    • Butler, B. W. and Cook, W. (comps) USDA For. Serv. Proc. RMRS-P-46CD
    • Bishop, J. 2007 Technical background of the fireline assessment method (FLAME). In The Fire Environment-Innovations, Management, and Policy Conference Proceedings. Butler, B. W. and Cook, W. (comps). USDA For. Serv. Proc. RMRS-P-46CD, pp. 27-74.
    • (2007) The Fire Environment-Innovations, Management, and Policy Conference Proceedings , pp. 27-74
    • Bishop, J.1
  • 19
    • 84872831218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do bark beetle outbreaks increase wildfire risks in the central US Rocky Mountains? Implications from recent research
    • Black, S.H., Kulakowski, D., Noon, B.R. and DellaSala, D.A. 2013 Do bark beetle outbreaks increase wildfire risks in the central U.S. Rocky Mountains? Implications from recent research. Nat. Area. J. 33, 59-65.
    • (2013) Nat. Area. J , vol.33 , pp. 59-65
    • Black, S.H.1    Kulakowski, D.2    Noon, B.R.3    Dellasala, D.A.4
  • 20
    • 84899848546 scopus 로고
    • Bark Beetle Management Guidebook accessed on 8 February, 2014
    • British Columbia Ministry of Forests. 1995 Bark Beetle Management Guidebook. http://wwW.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/legsregs/fpc/fpcguide/beetle/betletoc. htm (accessed on 8 February, 2014).
    • (1995) British Columbia Ministry of Forests
  • 21
    • 0000640699 scopus 로고
    • Bulk densities of non-uniform surface fuels and their application to fire modeling
    • Brown, J.K. 1981 Bulk densities of non-uniform surface fuels and their application to fire modeling. For. Sci. 27, 667-683.
    • (1981) For. Sci , vol.27 , pp. 667-683
    • Brown, J.K.1
  • 24
    • 0002265638 scopus 로고
    • Combustion of forest fuels
    • Davis, K.P. (ed) McGraw-Hill
    • Byram, G.M. 1959 Combustion of forest fuels. In Forest Fire: Control and Use. Davis, K.P. (ed). McGraw-Hill, pp. 61-89.
    • (1959) Forest Fire: Control and Use , pp. 61-89
    • Byram, G.M.1
  • 27
    • 77954113551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing crown fire potential in coniferous forests of western North America: A critique of current approachesand recent simulation studies
    • Cruz, M.G. and Alexander , M.E. 2010 Assessing crown fire potential in coniferous forests of western North America: a critique of current approachesand recent simulation studies. Int. J. Wildland Fire19,377-398.
    • (2010) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.19 , pp. 377-398
    • Cruz, M.G.1    Alexander, M.E.2
  • 28
    • 42449154313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of fuel models for fire behaviour in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait) stands
    • Cruz, M.G. and Fernand es, P.M. 2008 Development of fuel models for fire behaviour in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait) stands. Int. J. Wildland Fire 17, 194-204.
    • (2008) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.17 , pp. 194-204
    • Cruz, M.G.1    Fernand Es, P.M.2
  • 29
    • 27744547886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and testing of models for predicting crown fire rate of spread in conifer forest stands
    • Cruz, M.G., Alexander , M.E. and Wakimoto, R.H. 2005 Development and testing of models for predicting crown fire rate of spread in conifer forest stands. Can. J. For. Res. 35, 1629-1639.
    • (2005) Can. J. For. Res , vol.35 , pp. 1629-1639
    • Cruz, M.G.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Wakimoto, R.H.3
  • 32
    • 0035298010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flammability assessment of Mediterranean forest fuels
    • Dimitrakopoulos, A.P. and Papaioannou, K.K 2001 Flammability assessment of Mediterranean forest fuels. Fire Technol. 37, 143-152.
    • (2001) Fire Technol , vol.37 , pp. 143-152
    • Dimitrakopoulos, A.P.1    Papaioannou, K.K.2
  • 35
    • 1242321694 scopus 로고
    • The pinyon-juniper fuel type can really burn
    • Hester, D.A. 1952 The pinyon-juniper fuel type can really burn. Fire Control Notes 13, 26-29.
    • (1952) Fire Control Notes , vol.13 , pp. 26-29
    • Hester, D.A.1
  • 37
    • 84862675029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of crown fire hazard immediately after bark beetle-caused mortality in lodgepole pine forests
    • Hoffman, C., Morgan, P., Mell, W., Parsons, R., Strand , E.K. and Cook, S. 2012 Numerical simulation of crown fire hazard immediately after bark beetle-caused mortality in lodgepole pine forests. For. Sci. 58, 178-188.
    • (2012) For. Sci , vol.58 , pp. 178-188
    • Hoffman, C.1    Morgan Mell, P.W.2    Parsons, R.3    Strand, E.K.4    Cook, S.5
  • 38
    • 84883098371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface fire intensity influences simulated crown fire behavior in lodgepole pine forests with recent mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality
    • Hoffman, C.M., Morgan, P., Mell, W., Parsons, R., Strand , E. and Cook, S. 2013 Surface fire intensity influences simulated crown fire behavior in lodgepole pine forests with recent mountain pine beetle-caused tree mortality. For. Sci. 59, 390-399.
    • (2013) For. Sci , vol.59 , pp. 390-399
    • Hoffman, C.M.1    Morgan Mell, P.W.2    Parsons, R.3    Strand, E.4    Cook, S.5
  • 39
    • 36749098370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bark beetles, fuels, fires and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West
    • Jenkins, M.J., Hebertson, E., Page, W. and Jorgensen, C.A. 2008 Bark beetles, fuels, fires and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West. For. Ecol. Manage. 254, 16-34.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.254 , pp. 16-34
    • Jenkins, M.J.1    Hebertson, E.2    Page, W.3    Jorgensen, C.A.4
  • 40
    • 84860508246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuelsand fire behavior dynamics in bark beetle-Attacked forests in Western North America and implications for fire management
    • Jenkins, M.J., Page, W.G., Hebertson, E.G.and Alexander , M.E.2012Fuelsand fire behavior dynamics in bark beetle-Attacked forests in Western North America and implications for fire management. For. Ecol. Manage. 275, 23-34.
    • (2012) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.275 , pp. 23-34
    • Jenkins, M.J.1    Page, W.G.2    Hebertson, E.G.3    Alexander, M.E.4
  • 41
    • 84894428393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among the mountain pine beetle, fires, and fuels
    • in press
    • Jenkins, M.J., Runyon, J.B., Fettig, C.J., Page, W.G. and Bentz, B.J. 2014 Interactions among the mountain pine beetle, fires, and fuels. For. Sci. 60, (in press).
    • (2014) For. Sci , vol.60
    • Jenkins, M.J.1    Runyon, J.B.2    Fettig, C.J.3    Page, W.G.4    Bentz, B.J.5
  • 42
    • 84861376892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests?
    • Jolly, W.M., Parsons, R., Varner, J.M., Butler, B. W., Ryan, K.C. and Gucker, C.L. 2012a Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests? Comment. Ecology. 93, 941-946.
    • (2012) Comment Ecology , vol.93 , pp. 941-946
    • Jolly, W.M.1    Parsons, R.2    Varner, J.M.3    Butler, B.W.4    Ryan, K.C.5    Gucker, C.L.6
  • 43
    • 84856477172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between moisture, chemistry, and ignition of Pinus contorta needles during the early stages of mountain pine beetle attack
    • Jolly, W.M., Parsons, R.A., Hadlow, A.M., Cohn, G., McAllister, S., Popp, J.B., Hubbard, R.M. and Negron, J.F. 2012b Relationships between moisture, chemistry, and ignition of Pinus contorta needles during the early stages of mountain pine beetle attack. For. Ecol. Manage. 269, 52-59.
    • (2012) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.269 , pp. 52-59
    • Jolly, W.M.1    Parsons, R.A.2    Hadlow, A.M.3    Cohn, G.4    McAllister, S.5    Popp, J.B.6    Hubbard, R.M.7    Negron, J.F.8
  • 44
    • 33845678460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of foliar moisture content in the silvicultural management of forest fuels
    • Keyes, C.R. 2006 Role of foliar moisture content in the silvicultural management of forest fuels.West. J. Appl. For. 21, 228-231.
    • (2006) West J. Appl. for , vol.21 , pp. 228-231
    • Keyes, C.R.1
  • 45
    • 67650001626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand characteristics and downed woody debris accumulations associated with a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreak in Colorado
    • Klutsch, J.G., Negron, J.F., Costello, S.L., Rhoades, C.C., West, D.R., Popp, J. and Caissie, R. 2009 Stand characteristics and downed woody debris accumulations associated with a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreak in Colorado. For. Ecol. Manage. 258, 641-649.
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.258 , pp. 641-649
    • Klutsch, J.G.1    Negron, J.F.2    Costello, S.L.3    Rhoades, C.C.4    West, D.R.5    Popp, J.6    Caissie, R.7
  • 46
    • 79959747672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating potential fire behavior in lodgepole pine-dominated forests after a mountain pine beetle epidemic in north-central Colorado
    • Klutsch, J.G., Battaglia, M.A.,West, D.R., Costello, S.L. and Negron, J.F. 2011 Evaluating potential fire behavior in lodgepole pine-dominated forests after a mountain pine beetle epidemic in north-central Colorado. West. J. Appl. For. 26, 101-109.
    • (2011) West. J. Appl. for , vol.26 , pp. 101-109
    • Klutsch, J.G.1    Battaglia, M.A.2    West, D.R.3    Costello, S.L.4    Negron, J.F.5
  • 47
    • 84899843748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of mountain pine beetle on fire behaviour-A case study of the Mitchell Ridge prescribed burn
    • accessed on 8 February, 2014
    • Kubian, R. 2013 The impact of mountain pine beetle on fire behaviour-A case study of the Mitchell Ridge prescribed burn. Kootenay National Park. http://foothillsri.ca/sites/default/files/null/MPBEP-2010-09-Prsnttn- ImpactofMPBonFireBehaviourMitchellRidgeCaseStudy.pdf (accessed on 8 February, 2014).
    • (2013) Kootenay National Park
    • Kubian, R.1
  • 49
    • 0344949696 scopus 로고
    • Fire spread in lodgepole pine stands
    • Lawson, B.D. 1972 Fire spread in lodgepole pine stands. Univ. Mont., M.Sc. thesis, 119 p.
    • (1972) Univ. Mont. M.Sc. Thesis , pp. 119
    • Lawson, B.D.1
  • 53
    • 84875106134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling wind fields and fire propagation following bark beetle outbreaks in spatially-heterogeneous pinyon-juniper woodland fuel complexes
    • Linn, R.R., Sieg, C.H., Hoffman, C.M., Winterkamp, J. and McMillin, J.D. 2013 Modeling wind fields and fire propagation following bark beetle outbreaks in spatially-heterogeneous pinyon-juniper woodland fuel complexes. Agric. For. Meteorol. 173, 139-153.
    • (2013) Agric. For. Meteorol , vol.173 , pp. 139-153
    • Linn, R.R.1    Sieg, C.H.2    Hoffman, C.M.3    Winterkamp, J.4    McMillin, J.D.5
  • 54
    • 0034162490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Process-based models for forest ecosystem management: Current state of the art and challenges for practical implementation
    • Mäkela, A., Land sberg, J., Ek, A.R., Burk, T.E., Ter-Mikaelian, M., Agren, G.I., Oliver, C.D. and Puttonen, P. 2000 Process-based models for forest ecosystem management: current state of the art and challenges for practical implementation. Tree Physiol. 20, 289-298.
    • (2000) Tree Physiol , vol.20 , pp. 289-298
    • Mäkela, A.1    Landsberg, J.2    Ek, A.R.3    Burk, T.E.4    Ter-Mikaelian, M.5    Agren, G.I.6    Oliver, C.D.7    Puttonen, P.8
  • 55
    • 84868531141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal patterns of observed bark beetle-caused tree mortality in British Columbia and the western United States
    • Meddens, A.J.H., Hicke, J.A. and Ferguson, C.A. 2012 Spatiotemporal patterns of observed bark beetle-caused tree mortality in British Columbia and the western United States. Ecol. Appl. 22, 1876-1891.
    • (2012) Ecol. Appl , vol.22 , pp. 1876-1891
    • Meddens, A.J.H.1    Hicke, J.A.2    Ferguson, C.A.3
  • 57
    • 84861369314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests?
    • Moran, C.J. and Cochrane, M.A. 2012 Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests? Comment. Ecology. 93, 939-941.
    • (2012) Comment Ecology , vol.93 , pp. 939-941
    • Moran, C.J.1    Cochrane, M.A.2
  • 58
    • 0003910629 scopus 로고
    • Measurement and Description of Fuels and Fire Behavior on Prescribed Burns: A Hand book
    • McRae, D.J., Alexander , M.E. and Stocks, B.J. 1979 Measurement and Description of Fuels and Fire Behavior on Prescribed Burns: A Hand book. Can. For. Serv. Inf. Rep. O-X-287. 44 pp.
    • (1979) Can. For. Serv. Inf. Rep. O-X-287 , pp. 44
    • McRae, D.J.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Stocks, B.J.3
  • 61
    • 34547937702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mountain pine beetle-induced changes to selected lodgepole pine fuel complexes within the intermountain region
    • Page, W.G. and Jenkins, M.J. 2007a Mountain pine beetle-induced changes to selected lodgepole pine fuel complexes within the intermountain region. For. Sci. 53, 507-518.
    • (2007) For. Sci , vol.53 , pp. 507-518
    • Page, W.G.1    Jenkins, M.J.2
  • 62
    • 37149056301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicted fire behavior in selected mountain pine beetle-infested lodgepole pine
    • Page, W.G. and Jenkins, M.J. 2007b Predicted fire behavior in selected mountain pine beetle-infested lodgepole pine. For. Sci. 53, 662-674.
    • (2007) For. Sci , vol.53 , pp. 662-674
    • Page, W.G.1    Jenkins, M.J.2
  • 63
    • 84864614814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mountain pine beetle attack alters the chemistry and flammability of lodgepole pine foliage
    • Page, W.G., Jenkins, M.J. and Runyon, J.B. 2012 Mountain pine beetle attack alters the chemistry and flammability of lodgepole pine foliage. Can. J. For. Res. 42, 1631-1647.
    • (2012) Can. J. For. Res , vol.42 , pp. 1631-1647
    • Page, W.G.1    Jenkins, M.J.2    Runyon, J.B.3
  • 64
    • 84894416324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildfire's resistance to control in mountain pine beetle-Attacked lodgepole pine forests
    • Page, W.G., Alexander , M.E. and Jenkins, M.J. 2013a Wildfire's resistance to control in mountain pine beetle-Attacked lodgepole pine forests. For. Chron. 89, 783-794.
    • (2013) For. Chron , vol.89 , pp. 783-794
    • Page, W.G.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Jenkins, M.J.3
  • 65
    • 84883498962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foliar moisture content variations in lodgepole pine over the diurnal cycle during the red stage of mountain pine beetle attack
    • Page, W.G., Jenkins, M.J. and Alexander , M.E. 2013b Foliar moisture content variations in lodgepole pine over the diurnal cycle during the red stage of mountain pine beetle attack. Environ. Modell. Software. 49, 98-102.
    • (2013) Environ. Modell. Software , vol.49 , pp. 98-102
    • Page, W.G.1    Jenkins, M.J.2    Alexander, M.E.3
  • 67
    • 0001537543 scopus 로고
    • The influenceof moistureonthecombustion of leaves
    • Pompe,V.and Vines, R.G.1966The influenceof moistureonthecombustion of leaves. Aust. For. 30, 231-241.
    • (1966) Aust. for , vol.30 , pp. 231-241
    • Pompe, V.1    Vines, R.G.2
  • 68
    • 0026540704 scopus 로고
    • Fuel moisture, forest type and lightningcaused fire in Yellowstone National Park
    • Renkin, R.A. and Despain, D.G. 1992Fuel moisture, forest type and lightningcaused fire in Yellowstone National Park. Can. J. For. Res. 22, 37-45.
    • (1992) Can. J. For. Res , vol.22 , pp. 37-45
    • Renkin, R.A.1    Despain, D.G.2
  • 70
    • 61749098634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiscale spatial variation of the bark beetle Ips sexdentatus damage in a pine plantation forest (Land es de Gascogne, Southwestern France)
    • Rossi, J.P., Samalens, J.C., Guyon, D., van Halder, I., Jactel, H., Menassieu, P. and Piou, D. 2009 Multiscale spatial variation of the bark beetle Ips sexdentatus damage in a pine plantation forest (Land es de Gascogne, Southwestern France). For. Ecol. Manage. 257, 1551-1557.
    • (2009) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.257 , pp. 1551-1557
    • Rossi, J.P.1    Samalens, J.C.2    Guyon, D.3    Van Halder, I.4    Jactel, H.5    Menassieu, P.6    Piou, D.7
  • 71
    • 0002715671 scopus 로고
    • A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels USDA
    • Rothermel, R.C. 1972 A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT-115, 40 pp.
    • (1972) For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT-115 , pp. 40
    • Rothermel, R.C.1
  • 72
    • 0006536943 scopus 로고
    • Predicting behavior and size of crown fire in the Northern Rocky Mountains USDA
    • Rothermel, R.C. 1991 Predicting behavior and size of crown fire in the Northern Rocky Mountains. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT-438, 46 pp.
    • (1991) For. Serv. Res. Pap. INT-438 , pp. 46
    • Rothermel, R.C.1
  • 74
    • 84899798621 scopus 로고
    • Fuel models to predict fire behavior in untreated conifer slash USDA
    • Salazar, L.A. and Bevins, C.D. 1984 Fuel Models to Predict Fire Behavior in Untreated Conifer Slash. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note PSW-370, 6 pp.
    • (1984) For. Serv. Res. Note PSW-370 , pp. 6
    • Salazar, L.A.1    Bevins, C.D.2
  • 75
    • 0007671194 scopus 로고
    • Dendroctonus beetles and old-growth forests in the Rockies
    • Kaufmann, M.R., Moir, W.H. and Bassett, R.L. (eds) USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-213
    • Schmid, J.M. and Amman, G.D. 1992 Dendroctonus beetles and old-growth forests in the Rockies. In Proceedings of a Workshop, Old-growth Forests in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain Regions. Kaufmann, M.R., Moir, W.H. and Bassett, R.L. (eds). USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-213, pp. 51-59.
    • (1992) Proceedings of A Workshop, Old-growth Forests in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain Regions , pp. 51-59
    • Schmid, J.M.1    Amman, G.D.2
  • 76
    • 84855841600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of mountain pine beetle on fuels and expected fire behavior in lodgepole pine forests, Colorado, USA
    • Schoennagel, T., Veblen, T.T., Negron, J.F. and Smith, J.M. 2012 Effects of mountain pine beetle on fuels and expected fire behavior in lodgepole pine forests, Colorado, USA. PLoS ONE 7, e30002.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Schoennagel, T.1    Veblen, T.T.2    Negron, J.F.3    Smith, J.M.4
  • 79
    • 34247397882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand ard fire behavior fuel models: A comprehensive set for use with Rothermel's Surface Fire Spread Model USDA
    • Scott, J.H. and Burgan, R.E. 2005 Stand ard Fire Behavior Fuel Models: A Comprehensive Set for Use with Rothermel's Surface Fire Spread Model. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-153, 72 pp.
    • (2005) For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-153 , pp. 72
    • Scott, J.H.1    Burgan, R.E.2
  • 80
    • 8644259934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing crownfire potential by linking models of surface and crown fire Behavior USDA
    • Scott, J.H. and Reinhardt, E.D. 2001 Assessing CrownFire Potential by Linking Models of Surface and Crown Fire Behavior. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. RMRS-RP-29, 59 pp.
    • (2001) For. Serv. Res. Pap. RMRS-RP-29 , pp. 59
    • Scott, J.H.1    Reinhardt, E.D.2
  • 81
    • 79551551597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests?
    • Simard, M., Romme, W.H., Griffin, J.M. and Turner, M.G. 2011 Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests? Ecol. Monogr. 81, 3-24.
    • (2011) Ecol Monogr , vol.81 , pp. 3-24
    • Simard, M.1    Romme, W.H.2    Griffin, J.M.3    Turner, M.G.4
  • 82
    • 84861414682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests?
    • Simard, M., Romme, W.H., Griffin, J.M. and Turner, M.G. 2012 Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests? Reply. Ecology 93, 946-950.
    • (2012) Reply Ecology , vol.93 , pp. 946-950
    • Simard, M.1    Romme, W.H.2    Griffin, J.M.3    Turner, M.G.4
  • 83
    • 84860556878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire behavior observations in beetle killed trees in Lewis & Clark, Jefferson, Broadwater, and the southwest portion of Cascade county
    • Fox, R.L. (ed). Int. Assn. Wildland Fire. CD-ROM
    • Stiger, E.M. and Infanger, C.R. 2011 Fire behavior observations in beetle killed trees in Lewis & Clark, Jefferson, Broadwater, and the southwest portion of Cascade county. In Proceedings of 11th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit. Fox, R.L. (ed). Int. Assn. Wildland Fire. CD-ROM. 3 pp.
    • (2011) Proceedings of 11th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit , pp. 3
    • Stiger, E.M.1    Infanger, C.R.2
  • 84
    • 0002146479 scopus 로고
    • Fire potential in the spruce budworm-damaged forests of Ontario
    • Stocks, B.J. 1987 Fire potential in the spruce budworm-damaged forests of Ontario. For. Chron. 63, 8-14.
    • (1987) For. Chron , vol.63 , pp. 8-14
    • Stocks, B.J.1
  • 85
    • 8644226993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of the international crown fire modelling experiment (ICFME)
    • Stocks, B.J., Alexander , M.E. and Lanoville, R.A. 2004a Overview of the International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment (ICFME). Can. J. For. Res. 34, 1543-1547.
    • (2004) Can. J. For. Res , vol.34 , pp. 1543-1547
    • Stocks, B.J.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Lanoville, R.A.3
  • 87
    • 70349530639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland surface fire spread modelling 1990- 2007 1: Physical and quasi-physical models
    • Sullivan, A.L. 2009 Wildland surface fire spread modelling, 1990-2007. 1: physical and quasi-physical models. Int. J. Wildland Fire 18, 349-368.
    • (2009) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.18 , pp. 349-368
    • Sullivan, A.L.1
  • 88
    • 0000450218 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the growth and spread of fire in the open
    • Thomas, P.H. 1967 Some aspects of the growth and spread of fire in the open. Forestry 40, 139-164.
    • (1967) Forestry , vol.40 , pp. 139-164
    • Thomas, P.H.1
  • 89
    • 0342360455 scopus 로고
    • The old faithful fire run of september 7, 1988
    • And rews, P.L. and Potts, D.F. (eds). Soc. Amer. For. SAF Publ 91-04
    • Thomas, D.A. 1991 The Old Faithful fire run of September 7, 1988. In Proceedings of 11th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology. And rews, P.L. and Potts, D.F. (eds). Soc. Amer. For. SAF Publ. 91-04, pp. 272-280.
    • (1991) Proceedings of 11th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology , pp. 272-280
    • Thomas, D.A.1
  • 91
    • 0003069273 scopus 로고
    • Conditions for the start and spread of crown fire
    • Van Wagner, C.E. 1977 Conditions for the start and spread of crown fire. Can. J. For. Res. 7, 23-34.
    • (1977) Can. J. For. Res , vol.7 , pp. 23-34
    • Van Wagner, C.E.1
  • 92
    • 0004176560 scopus 로고
    • Development and structure of the Canadian Forest FireWeather Index System
    • Van Wagner, C.E. 1987 Development and structure of the Canadian Forest FireWeather Index System. Can. For. Serv. For. Tech. Rep. 35, 37 pp.
    • (1987) Can. For. Serv. For. Tech. Rep , vol.35 , pp. 37
    • Van Wagner, C.E.1
  • 93
    • 0344626916 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of crown fire behavior in conifer stands
    • MacIver, D.C., Auld, H. and Whitewood, R. (eds). For. Can. and Environ. Can.
    • Van Wagner, C.E. 1989 Prediction of crown fire behavior in conifer stands. In Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology.MacIver, D.C., Auld, H. and Whitewood, R. (eds). For. Can. and Environ. Can., pp. 207-212
    • (1989) Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology , pp. 207-212
    • Van Wagner, C.E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.