메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 89, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 783-794

Wildfire's resistance to control in mountain pine beetle-attacked lodgepole pine forests

Author keywords

Fire behaviour; Fire hazard; Fire suppression; Firefighter safety; Forest fuels; Tree mortality

Indexed keywords

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS; FIRE HAZARDS; FIRES;

EID: 84894416324     PISSN: 00157546     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5558/tfc2013-141     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (85)
  • 1
    • 84864923810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mathematical model for predicting the maximum potential spotting distance from a crown fire
    • Albini, F.A., M.E. Alexander and M.G. Cruz. 2012. A mathematical model for predicting the maximum potential spotting distance from a crown fire. Int. J. Wildland Fire 21:609-627.
    • (2012) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.21 , pp. 609-627
    • Albini, F.A.1    Alexander, M.E.2    Cruz, M.G.3
  • 3
    • 84899577810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LACES license plates - A tool to promote wild- land firefighter safety
    • Alexander, M.E. 2013. LACES license plates - A tool to promote wild- land firefighter safety. For. Chron. 89(5): 581-584.
    • (2013) For. Chron. , vol.89 , Issue.5 , pp. 581-584
    • Alexander, M.E.1
  • 4
    • 84899515615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much time does it take for a wildland firefighter to reach a safety zone?
    • Alexander, M.E., G.J. Baxter and G.R. Dakin. 2013. How much time does it take for a wildland firefighter to reach a safety zone? Wildfire 22(4): 12-13.
    • (2013) Wildfire , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 12-13
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Baxter, G.J.2    Dakin, G.R.3
  • 5
    • 84858626229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interdependencies between flame length and fireline intensity in predicting crown fire initiation and crown scorch height
    • Alexander, M.E. and M.G. Cruz. 2012a. Interdependencies between flame length and fireline intensity in predicting crown fire initiation and crown scorch height. Int. J. Wildland Fire 21:95-113.
    • (2012) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.21 , pp. 95-113
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Cruz, M.G.2
  • 6
    • 84866363776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the impacts of surface and crown fire behaviour on serotinous cone opening in jack pine and lodgepole pine forests
    • Alexander, M.E. and M.G. Cruz. 2012b. Modelling the impacts of surface and crown fire behaviour on serotinous cone opening in jack pine and lodgepole pine forests. Int. J. Wildland Fire 21: 709-721.
    • (2012) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.21 , pp. 709-721
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Cruz, M.G.2
  • 8
    • 84860598670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland fires: Dangers and survival
    • P.S. Auerbach (ed.). 6th ed. Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA
    • Alexander, M.E., R.W. Mutch, K.M. Davis and C.M. Bucks 2012. Wildland fires: Dangers and survival. In P.S. Auerbach (ed.). Wilderness Medicine. 6th ed. pp. 240-280. Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA.
    • (2012) Wilderness Medicine , pp. 240-280
    • Alexander, M.E.1    Mutch, R.W.2    Davis, K.M.3    Bucks, C.M.4
  • 10
    • 84899566527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire behaviour in mountain pine beetle-killed stands: Observations from the summer of 2004
    • Armitage, O.B. 2004. Fire behaviour in mountain pine beetle-killed stands: Observations from the summer of 2004. B.C. Min. For., Prot. Branch, Victoria, BC. Int. Rep. 40 p.
    • (2004) B.C. Min. For., Prot. Branch, Victoria, BC. Int. Rep. , pp. 40
    • Armitage, O.B.1
  • 12
    • 84899578062 scopus 로고
    • The challenges of forest fire management
    • Barrows, J.S. 1974. The challenges of forest fire management. West. Wildlands 1(3): 3-5.
    • (1974) West. Wildlands , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 3-5
    • Barrows, J.S.1
  • 13
    • 84899540777 scopus 로고
    • Crown temperatures during prescribed burning in jack pine
    • Beaufait, W.R. 1961. Crown temperatures during prescribed burning in jack pine. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts Letters XLVI: 251-257.
    • (1961) Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts Letters XLVI , pp. 251-257
    • Beaufait, W.R.1
  • 14
    • 84872831218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do bark beetle outbreaks increase wildfire risks in the central U.S. Rocky Mountains? Implications from recent research
    • Black, S.H., D. Kulakowski, B.R. Noon and D.A. DellaSala. 2013. Do bark beetle outbreaks increase wildfire risks in the central U.S. Rocky Mountains? Implications from recent research. Nat. Areas J. 33: 59-65.
    • (2013) Nat. Areas J. , vol.33 , pp. 59-65
    • Black, S.H.1    Kulakowski, D.2    Noon, B.R.3    Dellasala, D.A.4
  • 15
    • 84899552018 scopus 로고
    • British Columbia Ministry of Forests. B.C. Min. For. Prot. Branch, Victoria, BC. For. Prot. Handb. 12
    • British Columbia Ministry of Forests. 1983. Fire weather indices, decision aids for forest operation in British Columbia. B.C. Min. For., Prot. Branch, Victoria, BC. For. Prot. Handb. 12.57 p.
    • (1983) Fire Weather Indices, Decision Aids for Forest Operation in British Columbia , pp. 57
  • 17
    • 84872128140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire characteristics associated with firefighter injury on large federal wildland fires
    • Britton C., C.F. Lynch, J. Torner and C. Peek-Asa. 2013b. Fire characteristics associated with firefighter injury on large federal wildland fires. Ann. Epidemiol. 23(2):37-42.
    • (2013) Ann. Epidemiol. , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 37-42
    • Britton, C.1    Lynch, C.F.2    Torner, J.3    Peek-Asa, C.4
  • 19
    • 0000368712 scopus 로고
    • Fire cycles and community dynamics in lodgepole pine forests
    • D.M. Baumgartner (ed.)., Wash. State Univ. Pullman, WA
    • Brown, J.K., 1975. Fire cycles and community dynamics in lodgepole pine forests. In D.M. Baumgartner (ed.). Management of Lodgepole Pine Ecosystems: Symposium Proceedings, pp. 429-456. Wash. State Univ., Pullman, WA.
    • (1975) Management of Lodgepole Pine Ecosystems: Symposium Proceedings , pp. 429-456
    • Brown, J.K.1
  • 22
    • 84860554512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDA For. Serv. Natl. Tech. Develop. Prog. San Dimas Tech. Develop. Cent. San Dimas, CA. Publ. 1151 1805-SDTDC
    • Broyles, G. 2011. Fireline production rates. USDA For. Serv., Natl. Tech. Develop. Prog., San Dimas Tech. Develop. Cent., San Dimas, CA. Publ. 1151 1805-SDTDC. 19 p.
    • (2011) Fireline Production Rates , pp. 19
    • Broyles, G.1
  • 24
    • 0032377858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firefighter safety zones: A theoretical model based on radiative heating
    • Butler, B.W. and J.D. Cohen. 1998.Firefighter safety zones: A theoretical model based on radiative heating. Int. J. Wildland Fire 8:73-77.
    • (1998) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.8 , pp. 73-77
    • Butler, B.W.1    Cohen, J.D.2
  • 25
    • 0035592035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire shelter performance in simulated wildfires: An exploratory study
    • Butler, B.W. and T. Putnam. 2001. Fire shelter performance in simulated wildfires: An exploratory study. Int. J. Wildland Fire 10: 29-44.
    • (2001) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.10 , pp. 29-44
    • Butler, B.W.1    Putnam, T.2
  • 26
    • 0002265638 scopus 로고
    • Combustion of forest fuels
    • K.P Davis (ed.)., 554-555.McGraw Hill, New York
    • Byram, G.M. 1959. Combustion of forest fuels. In K.P Davis (ed.). Forest Fire: Control and Use. pp. 61-89, 554-555.McGraw Hill, New York.
    • (1959) Forest Fire: Control and Use , pp. 61-89
    • Byram, G.M.1
  • 27
    • 84899496771 scopus 로고
    • Training for bushfire fighting: Current trends and future needs
    • Cheney, N.P. 1994. Training for bushfire fighting: Current trends and future needs. Instit. For. Aust. - The Forester 35(4): 22-29.
    • (1994) Instit. For. Aust. - The Forester , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 22-29
    • Cheney, N.P.1
  • 29
    • 84866057807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of bark beetle outbreaks on forest development, fuel loads and potential in salvage logged and untreated lodgepole pine forests
    • Collins, B.J., C.C. Rhoades, R.M. Battaglia and R.M. Hubbard. 2012. The effects of bark beetle outbreaks on forest development, fuel loads and potential in salvage logged and untreated lodgepole pine forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 284: 260-268.
    • (2012) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.284 , pp. 260-268
    • Collins, B.J.1    Rhoades, C.C.2    Battaglia, R.M.3    Hubbard, R.M.4
  • 30
    • 84899564541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natl. Wildfire Coord. Group, Boise, ID. Available ,Revisited [Accessed 21 September 2013]
    • Cook, J.R. 2013. Trends in wildland fire entrapment fatalities. . . revisited. Natl. Wildfire Coord. Group, Boise, ID. 10 p. Available at http://www.nifc.gov/wfstar/downloads/Wildland-Fire-Entrapment-Fatalities- RevisitedJC.pdf [Accessed 21 September 2013].
    • (2013) Trends in Wildland Fire Entrapment Fatalities , pp. 10
    • Cook, J.R.1
  • 33
    • 84877798908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating post-outbreak management effects on future fuel profiles and stand structure in bark beetle-impacted forests of greater yellowstone
    • Donato, D.C., M. Simard, W.H. Romme, B.J. Harvey and M.G. Turner. 2013. Evaluating post-outbreak management effects on future fuel profiles and stand structure in bark beetle-impacted forests of Greater Yellowstone. For. Ecol. Manage. 303:160-174.
    • (2013) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.303 , pp. 160-174
    • Donato, D.C.1    Simard, M.2    Romme, W.H.3    Harvey, B.J.4    Turner, M.G.5
  • 35
    • 84886605195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildland firefighter entrapment avoidance: Modelling evacuation triggers
    • Fryer, G.K., P.E. Dennison and T.J. Cova. 2013. Wildland firefighter entrapment avoidance: Modelling evacuation triggers. Int. J. Wildland Fire 22:883-893.
    • (2013) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.22 , pp. 883-893
    • Fryer, G.K.1    Dennison, P.E.2    Cova, T.J.3
  • 36
    • 84899544624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 8 September, Available at, (Accessed 25 July 2013
    • Gabbert, B. 2010. Firefighters should calm down about beetle- killed forests. Wildfire Today, 8 September 2010. Available at http://wildfiretoday. com/2010/09/08/firefighters-should-calm-down-about-beetle-killed-forests/ (Accessed 25 July 2013].
    • (2010) Firefighters Should Calm Down about Beetle- Killed Forests
    • Gabbert, B.1
  • 37
    • 0005695087 scopus 로고
    • LCES - A key to safety in the wildland fire environ-ment
    • Notes
    • Gleason, P. 1991. LCES - A key to safety in the wildland fire environment. Fire Manage. Notes 52(4): 9.
    • (1991) Fire Manage , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 9
    • Gleason, P.1
  • 38
    • 15644370429 scopus 로고
    • USDA For. Serv. Pac. Southwest For. Range For. Exp. Stn. Berkeley, CA. Res. Note PSW-367
    • Gonzalez-Caban, A. 1984. Costs of firefighting mopup activities. USDA For. Serv., Pac. Southwest For. Range For. Exp. Stn., Berkeley, CA. Res. Note PSW-367.4 p.
    • (1984) Costs of Firefighting Mopup Activities , pp. 4
    • Gonzalez-Caban, A.1
  • 40
    • 84899559033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing wildfire hazard and risk in mountain pine beetle-affected stands and how to identify those characteristics at the landscape-scale
    • Gray, R.W. 2013. Characterizing wildfire hazard and risk in mountain pine beetle-affected stands and how to identify those characteristics at the landscape-scale. Fire Manage. Today 72(4): 25-29.
    • (2013) Fire Manage. Today , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 25-29
    • Gray, R.W.1
  • 43
    • 3042882345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of initial attack fire crew productivity and effectiveness
    • Hirsch, K.G. and D.L. Martell. 1996. A review of initial attack fire crew productivity and effectiveness. Int. J. Wildland Fire 6:199-215.
    • (1996) Int. J. Wildland Fire , vol.6 , pp. 199-215
    • Hirsch, K.G.1    Martell, D.L.2
  • 45
    • 84949154161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National wildland fuels management survey (revised) Fpinnovations, wildfire oper
    • Available at, [Accessed 10 August 2013
    • Hvenegaard, S. 2012. National wildland fuels management survey (revised). FPInnovations, Wildfire Oper. Res., Hinton, AB. Contr. Rep.-CR 729. 46 p. Available at http://wildfire.fpinnovations.ca/109/CR-729SHDNationalFuelsSurvey. pdf[Accessed 10 August 2013].
    • (2012) Res., Hinton, AB. Contr. Rep.-CR 729 , pp. 46
    • Hvenegaard, S.1
  • 46
    • 84899499575 scopus 로고
    • Fire line safety
    • Jackson, S. 1948. Fire line safety. Fire Control Notes. 9(2&3): 1-4.
    • (1948) Fire Control Notes , vol.9 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 1-4
    • Jackson, S.1
  • 47
    • 36749098370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bark beetles, fuels, fires and implications for forest management in the intermountain west
    • Jenkins M.J., E.G. Hebertson, W.Ci. Page and C.A. Jorgensen. 2008. Bark beetles, fuels, fires and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West. For. Ecol. Manage. 254:16-34.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.254 , pp. 16-34
    • Jenkins, M.J.1    Hebertson, E.G.2    Page, W.Ci.3    Jorgensen, C.A.4
  • 48
    • 84860508246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuels and fire behavior dynamics in bark beetle-attacked forests in western North America and implications for fire management
    • Jenkins M.J., W.G. Page, E.G. Hebertson and M.E. Alexander. 2012. Fuels and fire behavior dynamics in bark beetle-attacked forests in Western North America and implications for fire management. For. Ecol. Manage. 275:23-34.
    • (2012) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.275 , pp. 23-34
    • Jenkins, M.J.1    Page, W.G.2    Hebertson, E.G.3    Alexander, M.E.4
  • 51
    • 84856477172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between moisture, chemistry, and ignition of pinus contorta needles during the early stages of mountain pine beetle attack
    • Jolly, W.M., R.A. Parsons, A.M. Hadlow, G. Cohn, S. McAllister, J.B. Popp, R.M. Hubbard and J.F. Negron. 2012. Relationships between moisture, chemistry, and ignition of Pinus contorta needles during the early stages of mountain pine beetle attack. For. Ecol. Manage. 269: 52-59.
    • (2012) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.269 , pp. 52-59
    • Jolly, W.M.1    Parsons, R.A.2    Hadlow, A.M.3    Cohn, G.4    McAllister, S.5    Popp, J.B.6    Hubbard, R.M.7    Negron, J.F.8
  • 52
    • 84863404265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudden oak death mortality and fire: Lessons from the basin complex
    • S.J. Frankel, J. Susan, J.T. Kliejunas and K.M. Palmieri (eds.)., USDA For. Serv. Pac. Southwest Res. Stn. CA. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-229
    • Lee, C., Y. Valachovic, S. Frankel and K. Palmieri. 2010. Sudden oak death mortality and fire: Lessons from the Basin Complex. In S.J. Frankel, J. Susan, J.T. Kliejunas and K.M. Palmieri (eds.). Proceeding of the Sudden Oak Death Fourth Science Symposium, pp. 271-279. USDA For. Serv., Pac. Southwest Res. Stn., CA. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-229.
    • (2010) Proceeding of the Sudden Oak Death Fourth Science Symposium , pp. 271-279
    • Lee, C.1    Valachovic, Y.2    Frankel, S.3    Palmieri, K.4
  • 53
    • 0006134024 scopus 로고
    • Cone serotiny - fire relationships in lodgepole pine
    • Lotan, J.E. 1976. Cone serotiny - fire relationships in lodgepole pine. Proc. Tall Timber Fire Ecol. Conf. 14:267-278.
    • (1976) Proc. Tall Timber Fire Ecol. Conf. , vol.14 , pp. 267-278
    • Lotan, J.E.1
  • 55
    • 84899560038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dangerous tree assessment - British Columbia's wildland fire safety module
    • B.W. Butler and K. Shannon (eds.)., (CD-ROM) Int. Assoc. Wildland Fire, Montana City, MT
    • Manning, T., P. Taudin-Chabot, M. Bunleavey, D. Rowe and N. Densmore. 2000. Dangerous tree assessment - British Columbia's wildland fire safety module. In B.W. Butler and K. Shannon (eds.). Proceedings of the 2000 International Wildfire Safety Summit, pp. 137-142. (CD-ROM) Int. Assoc. Wildland Fire, Montana City, MT.
    • (2000) Proceedings of the 2000 International Wildfire Safety Summit , pp. 137-142
    • Manning, T.1    Taudin-Chabot, P.2    Bunleavey, M.3    Rowe, D.4    Densmore, N.5
  • 56
    • 84868531141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotem- poral patterns of observed bark beetle-caused tree mortality in British Columbia and the western United States
    • Meddens, A.J.H., J.A. Hicke and C.A. Ferguson. 2012. Spatiotem- poral patterns of observed bark beetle-caused tree mortality in British Columbia and the western United States. Ecol. Appl. 22:1876-1891.
    • (2012) Ecol. Appl. , vol.22 , pp. 1876-1891
    • Meddens, A.J.H.1    Hicke, J.A.2    Ferguson, C.A.3
  • 58
    • 3042876884 scopus 로고
    • Handcrew fire-line construction: A method of estimating production rates
    • Edmonton, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-197
    • Murphy, P.J. and D. Quintilio. 1978. Handcrew fire-line construction: A method of estimating production rates. Fish. Environ. Can., Can. For. Serv., North. For. Res. Cent., Edmonton, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-197.27 p.
    • (1978) Fish. Environ. Can., Can. For. Serv., North. For. Res. Cent. , pp. 27
    • Murphy, P.J.1    Quintilio, D.2
  • 59
    • 3042871593 scopus 로고
    • Validation of an index system for estimating fireline production with hand tools
    • Murphy, P.J., D. Quintilio and P.M. Woodard. 1989. Validation of an index system for estimating fireline production with hand tools. For. Chron. 65:190-193.
    • (1989) For. Chron. , vol.65 , pp. 190-193
    • Murphy, P.J.1    Quintilio, D.2    Woodard, P.M.3
  • 60
    • 3042916329 scopus 로고
    • Exploratory analysis of the variables affecting initial attack hot-spotting containment rate
    • Murphy, P.J., P.M. Woodard, D. QuintUio and S.J. Titus. 1991. Exploratory analysis of the variables affecting initial attack hot-spotting containment rate. Can. J. For. Res. 21: 540-544.
    • (1991) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 540-544
    • Murphy, P.J.1    Woodard, P.M.2    Quintuio, D.3    Titus, S.J.4
  • 61
    • 0002703442 scopus 로고
    • Lagging fatalities in the united states by region, cause of death, and other factors - 1980 through 1988
    • Myers, J.R. and D.E. Fosbroke. 1994. lagging fatalities in the United States by region, cause of death, and other factors - 1980 through 1988. J. Safety Res. 25:97-105.
    • (1994) J. Safety Res. , vol.25 , pp. 97-105
    • Myers, J.R.1    Fosbroke, D.E.2
  • 62
    • 4243567697 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Dep. Health Human Serv. Washington, DC. DHHS (NIOSH) Publ. No. 95-101. Available at, [Accessed 18 June 2013]
    • National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. 1995. Preventing injuries and deaths of loggers. U.S. Dep. Health Human Serv., Washington, DC. DHHS (NIOSH) Publ. No. 95-101. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/95- 101/[Accessed 18 June 2013].
    • (1995) Preventing Injuries and Deaths of Loggers
  • 63
    • 84899518213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fireline handbook. Natl
    • National Wildfire Coordinating Group.Boise ID. Publ. NFES0065
    • National Wildfire Coordinating Group. 1998. Fireline handbook. Natl. Interagency Fire Cent., Nad. Fire Equip. Syst., Boise, ID. Publ. NFES0065.158 p.
    • (1998) Interagency Fire Cent., Nad. Fire Equip. Syst. , pp. 158
  • 64
    • 84899574414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glossary of wildland fire terminology
    • National Wildfire Coordinating Group. July 2012 ed., Boise ID. Publ. PMS
    • National Wildfire Coordinating Group. 2012. Glossary of wildland fire terminology. July 2012 ed. Natl. Interagency Fire Cent., Nad. Fire Equip. Syst., Boise, ID. Publ. PMS 205.190 p.
    • (2012) Natl. Interagency Fire Cent., Nad. Fire Equip. Syst. , vol.205 , pp. 190
  • 65
    • 34547937702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mountain pine beede induced changes to selected lodgepole pine fuel complexes within the intermountain region
    • Page, W.G. and M.J. Jenkins. 2007. Mountain pine beede induced changes to selected lodgepole pine fuel complexes within the Intermountain Region. For. Sci. 53: 507-518.
    • (2007) For. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 507-518
    • Page, W.G.1    Jenkins, M.J.2
  • 66
    • 84883498962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foliar moisture content variations in lodgepole pine over the diurnal cycle during the red stage of mountain pine beetle attack
    • Page, W.G., M.J. Jenkins and M.E. Alexander. 2013. Foliar moisture content variations in lodgepole pine over the diurnal cycle during the red stage of mountain pine beetle attack. Environ. Model. Software 49: 98-102.
    • (2013) Environ. Model. Software , vol.49 , pp. 98-102
    • Page, W.G.1    Jenkins, M.J.2    Alexander, M.E.3
  • 67
    • 84864614814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mountain pine beetle attack alters the chemistry and flammability of lodgepole pine foliage
    • Page, W.G., M.J. Jenkins and J.B. Runyon. 2012. Mountain pine beetle attack alters the chemistry and flammability of lodgepole pine foliage. Can. J. For. Res. 42: 1631-1647.
    • (2012) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.42 , pp. 1631-1647
    • Page, W.G.1    Jenkins, M.J.2    Runyon, J.B.3
  • 68
    • 84863470003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thirty year change in lodgepole and lodgepole/mixed conifer forest structure following 1980s mountain pine beede outbreak in western Colorado, USA
    • Pelz, K.A. and F.W. Smith. 2013. Thirty year change in lodgepole and lodgepole/mixed conifer forest structure following 1980s mountain pine beede outbreak in western Colorado, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 280:93-102.
    • (2013) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.280 , pp. 93-102
    • Pelz, K.A.1    Smith, F.W.2
  • 69
    • 0026260927 scopus 로고
    • Chainsaw felling fatal accidents
    • Peters, P.A. 1991. Chainsaw felling fatal accidents. Trans. Am. Soc. Ag- ric. Eng. 34:2600-2608.
    • (1991) Trans. Am. Soc. Ag- Ric. Eng. , vol.34 , pp. 2600-2608
    • Peters, P.A.1
  • 70
    • 0006672148 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of lodgepole pine (pinus contorta douglas)
    • D.M. Baumgartner (ed.)., Wash. State Univ. Pullman, WA
    • Plister, R. and J.R. Daubenmire. 1975. Ecology of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas). In D.M. Baumgartner (ed.). Management of Lodgepole Pine Ecosystems Symposium Proceedings, pp. 27-46. Wash. State Univ., Pullman, WA.
    • (1975) Management of Lodgepole Pine Ecosystems Symposium Proceedings , pp. 27-46
    • Plister, R.1    Daubenmire, J.R.2
  • 72
    • 84899541061 scopus 로고
    • Production guidelines for initial attack hotspotting
    • Notes
    • Quintilio, D., P.J. Murphy, and P.M. Woodard. 1988. Production guidelines for initial attack hotspotting. Fire Manage. Notes 49(3): 24-27.
    • (1988) Fire Manage , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 24-27
    • Quintilio, D.1    Murphy, P.J.2    Woodard, P.M.3
  • 73
    • 2942712773 scopus 로고
    • Determining production rates of initial attack crews
    • M.E. Alexander and G.F. Bisgrove (tech. cords.). For. Can. North. For. Cent. Edmonton, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-309
    • Quintilio, D., T.A. Van Nest, P.J. Murphy and P.M. Woodard. 1990. Determining production rates of initial attack crews. In M.E. Alexander and G.F. Bisgrove (tech. cords.). The Art and Science of Fire Management. pp. 105-113. For. Can., North. For. Cent., Edmonton, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-309.
    • (1990) The Art and Science of Fire Management , pp. 105-113
    • Quintilio, D.1    Nest, T.A.V.2    Murphy, P.J.3    Woodard, P.M.4
  • 75
    • 79551551597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests?
    • Simard, M., W.H. Romme, J.M. Griffin and M.G. Turner. 2011. Do mountain pine beetle outbreaks change the probability of active crown fire in lodgepole pine forests? Ecol. Monogr. 81:3-24.
    • (2011) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.81 , pp. 3-24
    • Simard, M.1    Romme, W.H.2    Griffin, J.M.3    Turner, M.G.4
  • 78
    • 84860556878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire behavior observations in beetle killed trees in lewis 8c clark, jefferson, broadwater, and the southwest portion of cascade county
    • R.L. Fox (ed.). (CD-ROM) Int. Assoc. Wildland Fire, Missoula, MT
    • Stiger, E.M. and C.R. Infanger. 2011. Fire behavior observations in beetle killed trees in Lewis 8c Clark, Jefferson, Broadwater, and the southwest portion of Cascade County. In R.L. Fox (ed.). Proceedings of 11th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit. (CD-ROM) Int. Assoc. Wildland Fire, Missoula, MT. 3 p.
    • (2011) Proceedings of 11th International Wildland Fire Safety Summit , pp. 3
    • Stiger, E.M.1    Infanger, C.R.2
  • 79
    • 0000810437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass consumption and behavior of wildland fires in boreal, temperate, and tropical ecosystems: Parameters necessary to interpret historic fire regimes and future fire scenarios
    • J.S. Clark, H. Cachier, J.G. Goldammer and B.J. Stocks (eds.)., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. NATO ASI Series, Sub- series 1, Global Environ. Change
    • Stocks, B.J. and J.B. Kauffinan. 1997. Biomass consumption and behavior of wildland fires in boreal, temperate, and tropical ecosystems: Parameters necessary to interpret historic fire regimes and future fire scenarios. In J.S. Clark, H. Cachier, J.G. Goldammer and B.J. Stocks (eds.). Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change, pp. 169-188. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. NATO ASI Series, Sub- series 1, Global Environ. Change Vol. 51.
    • (1997) Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change , vol.51 , pp. 169-188
    • Stocks, B.J.1    Kauffinan, J.B.2
  • 80
    • 79953274659 scopus 로고
    • USDA For. Serv. Intermt. For. Range Exp. Stn. Ogden, UT. Res. Note INT-267
    • Stockstad, D.S. 1979. Spontaneous and piloted ignition of rotten wood. USDA For. Serv., Intermt. For. Range Exp. Stn., Ogden, UT. Res. Note INT-267.12 p.
    • (1979) Spontaneous and Piloted Ignition of Rotten Wood , pp. 12
    • Stockstad, D.S.1
  • 83
  • 84
    • 79954992343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sudden oak death-caused changes to surface fuel loading and potential fire behavior in douglas- fir-tanoak forests
    • Valachovic, Y.S., C.A. Lee, H. Scanlon, J.M. Varner, R. Giebocki, B.D. Graham and D.M. Rizzo. 2011. Sudden oak death-caused changes to surface fuel loading and potential fire behavior in Douglas- fir-tanoak forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 261:1973-1986.
    • (2011) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.261 , pp. 1973-1986
    • Valachovic, Y.S.1    Lee, C.A.2    Scanlon, H.3    Varner, J.M.4    Giebocki, R.5    Graham, B.D.6    Rizzo, D.M.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.