The response of orographic precipitation over idealized midlatitude mountains due to global increases in CO2

Journal of Climate

Volumn 27, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 3938-3956

  Shi, Xiaoming ^a   Durran, Dale R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CARBON DIOXIDE; GLOBAL WARMING; STORMS;

GLOBAL MEAN SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL-MEAN TEMPERATURE; MID-LATITUDE STORMS; NORTHERN HEMISPHERES; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; PRECIPITATION CHANGE; STRONG DEPENDENCES; VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS;

LANDFORMS;

CARBON DIOXIDE; GLOBAL WARMING; MIDLATITUDE ENVIRONMENT; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; NUMERICAL MODEL; OROGRAPHY; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); PRECIPITATION ASSESSMENT; STORM TRACK; SURFACE TEMPERATURE;

EID: 84899642970     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00460.1     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Allen, M., and W. Ingram, 2002: Constraints on future changes in climate and the hydrologic cycle. Nature, 419, 224-232, doi:10.1038/nature01092.
2. Alpert, P., 1986: Mesoscale indexing of the distribution of orographic precipitation over high mountains. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 532-545, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025,0532:MIOTDO.2.0.CO;2.
3. Anderson, J. L., and Coauthors, 2004: The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations. J. Climate, 17, 4641-4673, doi:10.1175/JCLI-3223.1.
4. Beniston, M., 2005: Mountain climates and climatic change:An overview of processes focusing on the European Alps. Pure Appl. Geophys., 162, 1587-1606, doi:10.1007/s00024-005-2684-9.
5. Betts, A. K. and Harshvardhan, 1987: Thermodynamic constraint on the cloud liquid water feedback in climate models. J. Geophys. Res., 92 (D7), 8483-8485, doi:10.1029/JD092iD07p08483.
6. Bolton, D., 1980: The computation of equivalent potential temperature. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1046-1053, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108,1046:TCOEPT.2.0.CO;2.
7. Cannon, D. J., D. J. Kirshbaum, and S. L. Gray, 2012: Under what conditions does embedded convection enhance orographic precipitation? Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 138, 391-406, doi:10.1002/qj.926.
8. Ceppi, P., andD. L.Hartmann, 2013: On the speed of the eddy-driven jet and the width of theHadley cell in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Climate, 26, 3450-3465, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00414.1.
9. Emanuel, K. A., 1994: Atmospheric Convection. Oxford University Press, 580 pp.
10. Hara, M., T. Yoshikane, H. Kawase, and F. Kimura, 2008: Estimation of the impact of global warming on snow depth in Japan by the pseudo-global-warming method. Hydrol. Res. Lett., 2, 61-64, doi:10.3178/hrl.2.61.
11. Held, I. M., and B. Soden, 2006: Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming. J. Climate, 19, 5686-5699, doi:10.1175/JCLI3990.1.
12. Kidston, J., G. K. Vallis, S. M. Dean, and J. A. Renwick, 2011: Can the increase in the eddy length scale under global warming cause the poleward shift of the jet streams? J. Climate, 24, 3764-3780, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3738.1.
13. Kirshbaum, D. J., and R. B. Smith, 2008: Temperature and moiststability effects on midlatitude orographic precipitation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 1183-1199, doi:10.1002/qj.274.
14. Liepert, B., and M. Previdi, 2009: Do models and observations disagree on the rainfall response to global warming? J. Climate, 22, 3156-3166, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2472.1.
15. Lin, S.-J., 2004: A ''vertically Lagrangian'' finite-volume dynamical core for global models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 2293-2307, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132,2293:AVLFDC.2.0.CO;2.
16. Lin, Y.-L., S. Chiao, T.-A.Wang, M. L. Kaplan, and R. P. Weglarz, 2001: Some common ingredients for heavy orographic rainfall. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 633-660, doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016,0633:SCIFHO.2.0.CO;2.
17. Lorenz, D. J., and E. T. DeWeaver, 2007: Tropopause height and zonal wind response to global warming in the IPCC scenario integrations. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10119, doi:10.1029/2006JD008087.
18. Lu, J., G. Chen, and D. M. W. Frierson, 2010: The position of the midlatitude storm track and eddy-driven westerlies in aquaplanet AGCMs. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3984-4000, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3477.1.
19. Maddox, R., L. Hoxit, C. Chappell, and F. Caracena, 1978: Comparison of meteorological aspects of the big Thompson and Rapid City flash floods. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 375-389, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1978)106,0375:COMAOT.2.0.CO;2.
20. Minder, J. R., D. R. Durran, G. H. Roe, and A. M. Anders, 2008:The climatology of small-scale orographic precipitation over the Olympic Mountains: Patterns and processes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 817-839, doi:10.1002/qj.258.
21. Moorthi, S., and M. J. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert:A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120,0978:RASAPO.2.0.CO;2.
22. O'Gorman, P. A., and T. Schneider, 2009: The physical basis for increases in precipitation extremes in simulations of 21stcentury climate change. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 14773-14777, doi:10.1073/pnas.0907610106.
23. O'Gorman, P. A., R. Allan, M. Byrne, and M. Previdi, 2012: Energetic constraints on precipitation under climate change. Surv. Geophys., 33, 585-608, doi:10.1007/s10712-011-9159-6.
24. Rasmussen, K. L., and R. A. Houze, 2012: Aflash-flooding storm at the steep edge of high terrain. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 1713-1724, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00236.1.
25. Rasmussen, R., and Coauthors, 2011: High-resolution coupled climate runoff simulations of seasonal snowfall over Colorado:A process study of current and warmer climate. J. Climate, 24, 3015-3048, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3985.1.
26. Rivière, G., 2011: A dynamical interpretation of the poleward shift of the jet streams in global warming scenarios. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 1253-1272, doi:10.1175/2011JAS3641.1.
27. Rotstayn, L. D., 1997: Aphysically based scheme for the treatment of stratiform clouds and precipitation in large-scale models. I:Description and evaluation of the microphysical processes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1227-1282, doi:10.1002/qj.49712354106.
28. Rotstayn, L. D., B. F. Ryan, and J. J. Katzfey, 2000: A scheme for calculation of the liquid fraction in mixed-phase stratiform clouds in largescale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 1070-1088, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128,1070:ASFCOT.2.0.CO;2.
29. Scheff, J., and D. Frierson, 2012: Twenty-first-century multimodel subtropical precipitation declines are mostly midlatitude shifts. J. Climate, 25, 4330-4347, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00393.1.
30. Smith, R. B., 1979: The influence of the mountains on the atmosphere. Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 21, Academic Press, 87-230.
31. Smith, R. B., Q. Jiang, M. G. Fearon, P. Tabary, M. Dorninger, J. D. Doyle, and R. Benoit, 2003: Orographic precipitation and air mass transformation: An Alpine example. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 433-454, doi:10.1256/qj.01.212.
32. Takahashi, K., 2009: Radiative constraints on the hydrological cycle in an idealized radiative-convective equilibrium model. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 77-91, doi:10.1175/2008JAS2797.1.
33. Ulbrich, U., J. Pinto, H. Kupfer, G. Leckebusch, T. Spangehl, and M. Reyers, 2008: Changing Northern Hemisphere storm tracks in an ensemble of IPCC climate change simulations. J. Climate, 21, 1669-1679, doi:10.1175/2007JCLI1992.1.
34. Yin, J. H., 2005: A consistent poleward shift of the storm tracks in simulations of 21st century climate. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18701, doi:10.1029/2005GL023684.
35. Zäangl, G., 2008: The temperature dependence of small-scale orographic precipitation enhancement. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 134, 1167-1181, doi:10.1002/qj.267.