Under what conditions does embedded convection enhance orographic precipitation?

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 138, Issue 663, 2012, Pages 391-406

  Cannon, Dirk J ^a   Kirshbaum, Daniel J ^a   Gray, Suzanne L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Drying ratio; Moist convection; Orography; Precipitation efficiency

Indexed keywords

COASTAL RANGE; COMPETING EFFECTS; ENHANCED CONDENSATION; MIDLATITUDES; MOIST CONVECTION; MOIST FLOW; MOUNTAIN RIDGES; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; OROGRAPHY; PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY; PRECIPITATION FORMATION; TIME-SCALES; TURBULENT MIXING; VAPOUR DEPOSITION; WASHINGTON;

CONDENSATION; EVAPORATION; LANDFORMS; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY);

HEAT CONVECTION;

ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONDENSATION; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; EVAPORATION; MOUNTAIN REGION; OROGRAPHIC EFFECT; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); SPECTRUM; TIMESCALE; TURBULENT MIXING;

ANDES; CASCADE RANGE; ENGLAND; PENNINES; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84858297914     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: 1477870X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/qj.926     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Braham RR. 1964. What is the role of ice in summer rainshowers? J. Atmos. Sci. 21: 640-645.
2. Browning KA, Hill FF, Pardoe CW. 1974. Structure and mechanism of precipitation and the effect of orography in a wintertime warm sector. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 100: 309-330.
3. Bryan GH, Wyngaard JC, Fritsch JM. 2003. Resolution requirements for the simulation of deep moist convection. Mon. Weather Rev. 131: 2394-2416.
4. Colle BA. 2004. Sensitivity of orographic precipitation to changing ambient conditions and terrain geometries: an idealized modeling perspective. J. Atmos. Sci. 61: 588-606.
5. Colle BA. 2008. Two-dimensional idealized simulations of the impact of multiple windward ridges on orographic precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci. 65: 509-523.
6. Colle BA, Mass CF, Westrick KW. 2000. MM5 precipitation verification over the Pacific Northwest during the 1997-1999 cool seasons. Weather Forecasting 15: 730-744.
7. Dirks RA. 1973. The precipitation efficiency of orographic clouds. J. Rech. Atmos. 7: 177-184.
8. Elliott RD, Hovind EL. 1964. The water balance of orographic clouds. J. Appl. Meteorol. 3: 235-239.
9. Fuhrer O, Schär C. 2005. Embedded cellular convection in moist flow past topography. J. Atmos. Sci. 62: 2810-2828.
10. Houze RA. 1993. Cloud Dynamics. Academic Press.
11. Jiang Q. 2003. Moist dynamics and orographic precipitation. Tellus 55A: 301-316.
12. Jiang Q, Smith RB. 2003. Cloud timescale and orographic precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci. 60: 1543-1559.
13. Kirshbaum DJ, Durran DR. 2004. Factors governing cellular convection in orographic precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci. 61: 682-698.
14. Kirshbaum DJ, Smith RB. 2008. Temperature and moist-stability effects on midlatitude orographic precipitation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 134: 1183-1199.
15. Kirshbaum DJ, Smith RB. 2009. Orographic precipitation in the tropics: large-eddy simulations and theory. J. Atmos. Sci. 66: 2559-2578.
16. Kirshbaum DJ, Rotunno R, Bryan GH. 2007. The spacing of orographic rainbands triggered by small-scale topography. J. Atmos. Sci. 64: 4222-4245.
17. Lin Y-L, Chiao S, Wang T-A, Kaplan ML, Weglarz RP. 2001. Some common ingredients for heavy orographic rainfall. Weather Forecasting 16: 633-660.
18. Miglietta MM, Rotunno R. 2009. Numerical simulations of conditionally unstable flows over a mountain ridge. J. Atmos. Sci. 66 1865-1885.
19. O'Gorman PA, Schneider T. 2009. Scaling of precipitation extremes over a wide range of climates simulated with an idealized GCM. J. Climate 22: 5676-5685.
20. Rogers RR, Yau MK. 1989. A Short Course in Cloud Physics. Butterworth-Heineman: Woburn, Mass, USA.
21. Skamarock WC, Klemp JB, Dudhia J, Gill DO, Barker DM, Duda MG, Huang X-Y, Wang W, Powers JG. 2008. 'A description of the Advanced Research WRF version 3'. Tech. Report TN-475. NCAR: Boulder, USA.
22. Smith RB. 1979. The influence of mountains on the atmosphere. Adv. Geophys. 21: 87-230.
23. Smith RB, Barstad I. 2004. A linear theory of orographic precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci. 61: 1377-1391.
24. Smith RB, Jiang Q, Fearon MG, Tabary P, Dorninger M, Doyle JD, Benoit R. 2003. Orographic precipitation and air mass transformation: an Alpine example. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 129: 433-454.
25. Thompson G, Rasmussen RM, Manning K. 2004. Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part I: Description and sensitivity analysis. Mon. Weather Rev. 132: 519-542.
26. Thompson G, Field PR, Rasmussen RM, Hall WD. 2008. Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part II: Implementation of a new snow parameterization. Mon. Weather Rev. 136: 5095-5115.
27. Vosper SB. 2004. Inversion effects on trapped lee waves. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 30: 1723-1748.
28. Wulfmeyer V, Behrendt A, Bauer H-S, Kottmeier C, Corsmeier U, Blyth A, Craig G, Schumann U, Hagen M, Crewell S, DiGirolamo P, Flamant C, Miller M, Montani A, Mobbs S, Richard E, Rotach MW, Arpagaus M, Russchenberg H, Schlüssel P, König M, Gärtner V, Steinacker R, Dorninger M, Turner DD, Weckwerth T, Hense A, Simmer C. 2008. The convective and orographically induced precipitation study: A research and development project of the World Weather Research Program for improving quantitative precipitation forecasting in low-mountain regions. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 89: 1477-1486.