The international experience of bacterial screen testing of platelet components with an automated microbial detection system: A need for consensus testing and reporting guidelines

Transfusion Medicine Reviews

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 61-71

  Benjamin, Richard J ^a   McDonald, Carl P ^b  

^a AMERICAN RED CROSS   (United States)

^b NHS BLOOD AND TRANSPLANT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUTOMATION; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CONSENSUS; FALSE NEGATIVE RESULT; HUMAN; LABORATORY DEVICE; MICROBIAL DETECTION SYSTEM; MICROORGANISM DETECTION; NOMENCLATURE; NONHUMAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PUBLICATION; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THROMBOCYTE; ALGORITHM; BACTERIAL COUNT; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; BLOOD BANK; BLOOD STORAGE; DEVICES; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; MICROBIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; REPRODUCIBILITY; STANDARDS;

ALGORITHMS; AUTOMATION; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; BLOOD BANKS; BLOOD PLATELETS; BLOOD PRESERVATION; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; FALSE POSITIVE REACTIONS; HUMANS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS;

EID: 84899479470     PISSN: 08877963     EISSN: 15329496     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2014.01.001     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Eder A.F., Kennedy J.M., Dy B.A., Notari E.P., Weiss J.W., Fang C.T., et al. Bacterial screening of apheresis platelets and the residual risk of septic transfusion reactions: the American Red Cross experience (2004-2006). Transfusion 2007, 47:1134-1142.
2. Eder A.F., Kennedy J.M., Dy B.A., Notari E.P., Skeate R., Bachowski G., et al. Limiting and detecting bacterial contamination of apheresis platelets: inlet-line diversion and increased culture volume improve component safety. Transfusion 2009, 49:1554-1563.
3. Su L.L., Kamel H., Custer B., Vanderpool S., Harpool D., Busch M., et al. Bacterial detection in apheresis platelets: blood systems experience with a two-bottle and one-bottle culture system. Transfusion 2008, 48:1842-1852.
4. Souza S., Bravo M., Poulin T., Vanderpool S., Kamel H., Tomasulo P., et al. Improving the performance of culture-based bacterial screening by increasing the sample volume from 4 mL to 8 mL in aerobic culture bottles. Transfusion 2012, 52:1576-1582.
5. Jenkins C., Ramirez-Arcos S., Goldman M., Devine D.V. Bacterial contamination in platelets: incremental improvements drive down but do not eliminate risk. Transfusion 2011, 51:2555-2565.
6. Borosak M., Wood E. Bacterial pre-release testing of platelets-the Australian Red Cross Blood Service clinical experience. Transfus Med Hemother 2011, 38:239-241.
7. Murphy W.G., Foley M., Doherty C., Tierney G., Kinsella A., Salami A., et al. Screening platelet concentrates for bacterial contamination: low numbers of bacteria and slow growth in contaminated units mandate an alternative approach to product safety. Vox Sang 2008, 95:13-19.
8. Pearce S., Rowe G.P., Field S.P. Screening of platelets for bacterial contamination at the Welsh Blood Service. Transfus Med 2011, 21:25-32.
9. Dumont L.J., Kleinman S., Murphy J.R., Lippincott R., Schuyler R., Houghton J., et al. Screening of single-donor apheresis platelets for bacterial contamination: the PASSPORT study results. Transfusion 2010, 50:589-599.
10. McDonald C.P. Transfusion risk reduction: testing for bacteria. ISBT Science Series 2013, 8:73-79.
11. Bolton-Maggs P.H.B., Poles D., Watt A., Thomas D., Cohen H. The 2012 SHOT Annual Report 2013, SHOT, London, [http://www.shotuk.org/shot-reports/report-summary-and-supplement-2012].
12. Brecher M.E., Hay S.N., Rose A.D., Rothenberg S.J. Evaluation of BacT/ALERT plastic culture bottles for use in testing pooled whole blood-derived leukoreduced platelet-rich plasma platelets with a single contaminated unit. Transfusion 2005, 45:1512-1517.
13. Brecher M.E., Holland P.V., Pineda A.A., Tegtmeier G.E., Yomtovian R. Growth of bacteria in inoculated platelets: implications for bacteria detection and the extension of platelet storage. Transfusion 2000, 40:1308-1312.
14. Brecher M.E., Means N., Jere C.S., Heath D., Rothenberg S., Stutzman L.C. Evaluation of an automated culture system for detecting bacterial contamination of platelets: an analysis with 15 contaminating organisms. Transfusion 2001, 41:477-482.
15. AABB Actions following an initial positive test for possible bacterial contamination of a platelet unit. Bulletin #04-07 2004.
16. Schrezenmeier H., Walther-Wenke G., Muller T.H., Weinauer F., Younis A., Holland-Letz T., et al. Bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates: results of a prospective multicenter study comparing pooled whole blood-derived platelets and apheresis platelets. Transfusion 2007, 47:644-652.
17. McDonald C., Ball J., Allen J., Robbins S., Reeves J., Hirst B., et al. The first year of bacterial screening of platelet components-the English experience. Vox Sang 2012, 103(Suppl.1):176. [abstract P-341].
18. Hillyer C.D., Josephson C.D., Blajchman M.A., Vostal J.G., Epstein J.S., Goodman J.L. Bacterial contamination of blood components: risks, strategies, and regulation: joint ASH and AABB educational session in transfusion medicine. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2003, 575-589.
19. Dean A.G., Sullivan K.M., Soe M.M. OpenEpi: Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health, version 2.3.1 [updated 2011/23/06, accessed 2012/012/22]. http://www.OpenEpi.com.
20. Benjamin R.J., Dy B., Perez J., Eder A.F., Wagner S.J. Bacterial culture of apheresis platelets: a mathematical model of the residual rate of contamination based on unconfirmed positive results. Vox Sang 2014, 106:23-30.
21. de Korte D., Curvers J., de Kort W.L., Hoekstra T., van der Poel C.L., Beckers E.A., et al. Effects of skin disinfection method, deviation bag, and bacterial screening on clinical safety of platelet transfusions in the Netherlands. Transfusion 2006, 46:476-485.
22. Benjamin R.J., Kline L., Dy B.A., Kennedy J., Pisciotto P., Sapatnekar S., et al. Bacterial contamination of whole-blood-derived platelets: the introduction of sample diversion and prestorage pooling with culture testing in the American Red Cross. Transfusion 2008, 48:2348-2355.
23. Lee C.K., Wong H.K., Ho P.L., Tsoi W.C., Lee K.Y., Tsui G.T., et al. Significant bacterial contamination risk reduction with the use of diversion pouch. Transfus Med 2012, 22:404-408.
24. Pietersz R.N., Engelfriet C.P., Reesink H.W., Wood E.M., Winzar S., Keller A.J., et al. Detection of bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates. Vox Sang 2007, 93:260-277.
25. Munksgaard L., Albjerg L., Lillevang S.T., Gahrn-Hansen B., Georgsen J. Detection of bacterial contamination of platelet components: six years' experience with the BacT/ALERT system. Transfusion 2004, 44:1166-1173.
26. te Boekhorst P.A., Beckers E.A., Vos M.C., Vermeij H., van Rhenen D.J. Clinical significance of bacteriologic screening in platelet concentrates. Transfusion 2005, 45:514-519.
27. Larsen C.P., Ezligini F., Hermansen N.O., Kjeldsen-Kragh J. Six years' experience of using the BacT/ALERT system to screen all platelet concentrates, and additional testing of outdated platelet concentrates to estimate the frequency of false-negative results. Vox Sang 2005, 88:93-97.
28. Jacobs M.R., Smith D., Heaton W.A., Zantek N.D., Good C.E. Detection of bacterial contamination in prestorage culture-negative apheresis platelets on day of issue with the Pan Genera Detection test. Transfusion 2011, 51:2573-2582.
29. Fang C.T., Chambers L.A., Kennedy J., Strupp A., Fucci M.C., Janas J.A., et al. Detection of bacterial contamination in apheresis platelet products: American Red Cross experience, 2004. Transfusion 2005, 45:1845-1852.
30. Niu M.T., Knippen M., Simmons L., Holness L.G. Transfusion-transmitted Klebsiella pneumoniae fatalities, 1995 to 2004. Transfus Med Rev 2006, 20:149-157.
31. Goodrich R.P., Gilmour D., Hovenga N., Keil S.D. A laboratory comparison of pathogen reduction technology treatment and culture of platelet products for addressing bacterial contamination concerns. Transfusion 2009, 49:1205-1216.
32. Schmidt M., Kapzrak B., Pfeiffer H.-U., Henschler R., Sireis W., Seifried E. Efficiency of pathogen inactivation system INTERCEPT under experimental conditions. Vox Sang 2011, 101(Suppl. 1):226. [abstract P367].
33. Ramirez-Arcos S., Goldman M. Skin disinfection methods: prospective evaluation and postimplementation results. Transfusion 2010, 50:59-64.
34. Goldman M., Roy G., Frechette N., Decary F., Massicotte L., Delage G. Evaluation of donor skin disinfection methods. Transfusion 1997, 37:309-312.
35. Benjamin R.J., Dy B., Warren R., Lischka M., Eder A.F. Skin disinfection with a single-step 2% chlorhexidine swab is more effective than a two-step povidone-iodine method in preventing bacterial contamination of apheresis platelets. Transfusion 2011, 51:531-538.
36. de Korte D., Marcelis J.H., Verhoeven A.J., Soeterboek A.M. Diversion of first blood volume results in a reduction of bacterial contamination for whole-blood collections. Vox Sang 2002, 83:13-16.
37. Bruneau C., Perez P., Chassaigne M., Allouch P., Audurier A., Gulian C., et al. Efficacy of a new collection procedure for preventing bacterial contamination of whole-blood donations. Transfusion 2001, 41:74-81.
38. Robillard P., Delage G., Itaj N.K., Goldman M. Use of hemovigilance data to evaluate the effectiveness of diversion and bacterial detection. Transfusion 2011, 51:1405-1411.
39. Benjamin R.J., Wagner S.J. The residual risk of sepsis: modeling the effect of concentration on bacterial detection in two-bottle culture systems and an estimation of false-negative culture rates. Transfusion 2007, 47:1381-1389.
40. Tomasulo P.A., Wagner S.J. Predicting improvement in detection of bacteria in apheresis platelets by maintaining constant component sampling proportion. Transfusion 2013, 53:835-842.
41. Wagner S.J., Eder A.F. A model to predict the improvement of automated blood culture bacterial detection by doubling platelet sample volume. Transfusion 2007, 47:430-433.
42. Eder A.F., Dy B.A., Perez J.M., Webb J.S., Tomasulo P.A., Benjamin R.J., et al. Comparable bacterial safety of platelets collected from single, double or triple apheresis procedures. Transfusion 2012, 52:12A. [abstract P5-030A].
43. bioMerieux Inc BacT/ALERT BPA package insert 2006, [Durham, NC]. bioMerieux Inc. (Ed.).
44. Ramirez-Arcos S., Kou Y., Mastronardi C., Perkins H., Goldman M. Bacterial screening of outdated buffy coat platelet pools using a culture system and a rapid immunoassay. Transfusion 2011, 51:2566-2572.
45. Eder A.F., Meena-Leist C.E., Hapip C.A., Dy B.A., Benjamin R.J., Wagner S.J. Clostridium perfringens in apheresis platelets: an unusual contaminant underscores the importance of clinical vigilance for septic transfusion reactions. Transfusion Jun 17 2013, [Epub ahead of print]. 10.1111/trf.12282.
46. Blajchman M.A., Sarwal S., Loeb M. A second example of a transfusion-associated septic reaction associated with Clostridium perfringens. Transfusion 2001, 41:427-428.
47. McDonald C.P., Hartley S., Orchard K., Hughes G., Brett M.M., Hewitt P.E., et al. Fatal Clostridium perfringens sepsis from a pooled platelet transfusion. Transfus Med 1998, 8:19-22.
48. Wagner S.J., Robinette D. Evaluation of an automated microbiologic blood culture device for detection of bacteria in platelet components. Transfusion 1998, 38:674-679.
49. Ezuki S., Kawabata K., Kanno T., Ohto H. Culture-based bacterial detection systems for platelets: the effect of time prior to sampling and duration of incubation required for detection with aerobic culture. Transfusion 2007, 47:2044-2049.
50. Wagner S.J., Moroff G., Katz A.J., Friedman L.I. Comparison of bacteria growth in single and pooled platelet concentrates after deliberate inoculation and storage. Transfusion 1995, 35:298-302.
51. Brecher M.E., Jacobs M.R., Katz L.M., Jacobson J., Riposo J., Carr-Greer A., et al. Survey of methods used to detect bacterial contamination of platelet products in the United States in 2011. Transfusion 2013, 53:911-918.
52. Kleinman S.H., Kamel H.T., Harpool D.R., Vanderpool S.K., Custer B., Wiltbank T.B., et al. Two-year experience with aerobic culturing of apheresis and whole blood-derived platelets. Transfusion 2006, 46:1787-1794.
53. Dumont L.J., Hay S.N., Herschel L., Brantigan B., Houghton J., Elfath M.D., et al. Validation of a microbial detection system for use with ACD-A platelets with PAS III platelet additive solution. Transfusion 2011, 51:2219-2227.
54. Greco C.A., Zhang J.G., Kalab M., Yi Q.L., Ramirez-Arcos S.M., Gyongyossy-Issa M.I. Effect of platelet additive solution on bacterial dynamics and their influence on platelet quality in stored platelet concentrates. Transfusion 2010, 50:2344-2352.
55. Greco C., Mastronardi C., Pagotto F., Mack D., Ramirez-Arcos S. Assessment of biofilm-forming ability of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from contaminated platelet preparations in Canada. Transfusion 2008, 48:969-977.
56. de Korte D. 10 years experience with bacterial screening of platelet concentrates in the Netherlands. Transfus Med Hemother 2011, 38:251-254.
57. Palavecino E.L., Yomtovian R.A., Jacobs M.R. Bacterial contamination of platelets. Transfus Apher Sci 2010, 42:71-82.
58. Stormer M., Kleesiek K., Dreier J. Propionibacterium acnes lacks the capability to proliferate in platelet concentrates. Vox Sang 2008, 94:193-201.
59. Koopman M.M., van't Ende E., Lieshout-Krikke R., Marcelis J., Smid W.M., de Korte D. Bacterial screening of platelet concentrates: results of 2 years active surveillance of transfused positive cultured units released as negative to date. Vox Sang 2009, 97:355-357.