메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

Bias, precision and statistical power of analysis of covariance in the analysis of randomized trials with baseline imbalance: A simulation study

Author keywords

Baseline imbalance; Bias; Precision; Randomized controlled trials; Statistical analysis; Statistical power

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL BIAS; STATISTICAL MODEL;

EID: 84899476487     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712288     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-49     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (177)

References (46)
  • 2
    • 0033578116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baseline imbalance in randomised controlled trials
    • 10406763
    • Baseline imbalance in randomised controlled trials. Roberts C, Torgerson DJ, BMJ 1999 319 185 10406763
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 185
    • Roberts, C.1    Torgerson, D.J.2
  • 3
    • 0025892414 scopus 로고
    • Baseline comparisons in randomized clinical trials
    • 2068432
    • Baseline comparisons in randomized clinical trials. Altman DG, Doré CJ, Stat Med 1991 10 797 799 2068432
    • (1991) Stat Med , vol.10 , pp. 797-799
    • Altman, D.G.1    Doré, C.J.2
  • 4
    • 0034119446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjustment of treatment effect for covariates in clinical trials: Statistical and regulatory issues
    • Adjustment of treatment effect for covariates in clinical trials: statistical and regulatory issues. Tu D, Shalay K, Pater J, Drug Inf J 2000 34 511 523
    • (2000) Drug Inf J , vol.34 , pp. 511-523
    • Tu, D.1    Shalay, K.2    Pater, J.3
  • 5
    • 84886993170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covariate imbalance and adjustment for logistic regression analysis of clinical trial data
    • 10.1080/10543406.2013.834912 24138438
    • Covariate imbalance and adjustment for logistic regression analysis of clinical trial data. Ciolino JD, Martin RH, Zhao W, Jauch EC, Hill MD, Palesch YY, J Biopharm Stat 2013 23 1383 1402 10.1080/10543406.2013.834912 24138438
    • (2013) J Biopharm Stat , vol.23 , pp. 1383-1402
    • Ciolino, J.D.1    Martin, R.H.2    Zhao, W.3    Jauch, E.C.4    Hill, M.D.5    Palesch, Y.Y.6
  • 7
    • 84899493947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response
    • 10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00285-7
    • Response. Kernan WN, Makuch RM, J Clin Epidemiol 2001 54 105 10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00285-7
    • (2001) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.54 , pp. 105
    • Kernan, W.N.1    Makuch, R.M.2
  • 8
    • 0036916803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The method of minimization for allocation to clinical trials: A review
    • 10.1016/S0197-2456(02)00242-8 12505244
    • The method of minimization for allocation to clinical trials: a review. Scott NW, McPherson GC, Ramsay CR, Campbell MK, Control Clin Trials 2002 23 662 674 10.1016/S0197-2456(02)00242-8 12505244
    • (2002) Control Clin Trials , vol.23 , pp. 662-674
    • Scott, N.W.1    McPherson, G.C.2    Ramsay, C.R.3    Campbell, M.K.4
  • 9
    • 9944220574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical comparison of random allocation methods in cancer clinical trials
    • 10.1016/j.cct.2004.08.004 15588744
    • Statistical comparison of random allocation methods in cancer clinical trials. Hagino A, Hamada C, Yoshimura I, Ohashi Y, Sakamoto J, Nakazato H, Control Clin Trials 2004 25 572 584 10.1016/j.cct.2004.08.004 15588744
    • (2004) Control Clin Trials , vol.25 , pp. 572-584
    • Hagino, A.1    Hamada, C.2    Yoshimura, I.3    Ohashi, Y.4    Sakamoto, J.5    Nakazato, H.6
  • 10
    • 1542508780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faulty assumptions in Atkinson's criteria for clinical trial design
    • 10.1046/j.0964 - 1998.2003.00741.x
    • Faulty assumptions in Atkinson's criteria for clinical trial design. Taves DR, J R Stat Soc 2004 167 179 181 10.1046/j.0964 - 1998.2003.00741.x
    • (2004) J R Stat Soc , vol.167 , pp. 179-181
    • Taves, D.R.1
  • 11
    • 59349117357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handling covariates in the design of clinical trials
    • 10.1214/08-STS269
    • Handling covariates in the design of clinical trials. Rosenberger WF, Sverdlov O, Stat Sci 2008 23 404 419 10.1214/08-STS269
    • (2008) Stat Sci , vol.23 , pp. 404-419
    • Rosenberger, W.F.1    Sverdlov, O.2
  • 12
    • 0026445783 scopus 로고
    • Repeated measures in clinical trials: Analysis using mean summary statistics and its implications for design
    • 10.1002/sim.4780111304 1485053
    • Repeated measures in clinical trials: analysis using mean summary statistics and its implications for design. Frison L, Pocock SJ, Stat Med 1992 11 1685 1704 10.1002/sim.4780111304 1485053
    • (1992) Stat Med , vol.11 , pp. 1685-1704
    • Frison, L.1    Pocock, S.J.2
  • 13
    • 28944433350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trials with time-to-event outcomes: How much does prespecified covariate adjustment increase power?
    • 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.09.007 16275011
    • Randomized controlled trials with time-to-event outcomes: how much does prespecified covariate adjustment increase power? Hernández AV, Eijkemans MJ, Steyerberg EW, Ann Epidemiol 2006 16 41 48 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.09.007 16275011
    • (2006) Ann Epidemiol , vol.16 , pp. 41-48
    • Hernández, A.V.1    Eijkemans, M.J.2    Steyerberg, E.W.3
  • 14
    • 33746708040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ANCOVA versus change from baseline had more power in randomized studies and more bias in nonrandomized studies
    • 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.02.007 16895814
    • ANCOVA versus change from baseline had more power in randomized studies and more bias in nonrandomized studies. Van Breukelen GJP, J Clin Epidemiol 2006 59 920 925 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.02.007 16895814
    • (2006) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.59 , pp. 920-925
    • Van Breukelen, G.J.P.1
  • 15
    • 62449228058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are unadjusted analyses of clinical trials inappropriately biased toward the null?
    • 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.532051 19164784
    • Are unadjusted analyses of clinical trials inappropriately biased toward the null? Kent DM, Trikalinos TA, Hill MD, Stroke 2009 40 672 673 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.532051 19164784
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , pp. 672-673
    • Kent, D.M.1    Trikalinos, T.A.2    Hill, M.D.3
  • 17
    • 72749123968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A substantial and confusing variation exists in handling of baseline covariates in randomized controlled trials: A review of trials published in leading medical journals
    • 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.002 19716262
    • A substantial and confusing variation exists in handling of baseline covariates in randomized controlled trials: a review of trials published in leading medical journals. Austin PC, Manca A, Zwarenstein M, Juurlink DN, Stanbrook MB, J Clin Epidemiol 2010 63 142 153 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.002 19716262
    • (2010) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.63 , pp. 142-153
    • Austin, P.C.1    Manca, A.2    Zwarenstein, M.3    Juurlink, D.N.4    Stanbrook, M.B.5
  • 18
    • 3142543163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of percentage change from baseline as an outcome in a controlled trial is statistically inefficient: A simulation study
    • 10.1186/1471-2288-1-6 11459516
    • The use of percentage change from baseline as an outcome in a controlled trial is statistically inefficient: a simulation study. Vickers AJ, BMC Med Res Methodol 2001 1 6 10.1186/1471-2288-1-6 11459516
    • (2001) BMC Med Res Methodol , vol.1 , pp. 6
    • Vickers, A.J.1
  • 22
    • 0024791598 scopus 로고
    • Choosing covariates in the analysis of clinical trials
    • 2605965
    • Choosing covariates in the analysis of clinical trials. Beach ML, Meier P, Control Clin Trials 1989 10 4 Suppl 161S 175S 2605965
    • (1989) Control Clin Trials , vol.10 , Issue.4 SUPPL.
    • Beach, M.L.1    Meier, P.2
  • 23
    • 0034069039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction: Should we adjust for baseline characteristics?
    • 10783203
    • Clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction: should we adjust for baseline characteristics? Steyerberg EW, Bossuyt PMM, Lee KL, Am Heart J 2000 139 745 751 10783203
    • (2000) Am Heart J , vol.139 , pp. 745-751
    • Steyerberg, E.W.1    Bossuyt, P.M.M.2    Lee, K.L.3
  • 24
    • 0035841813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements
    • 10.1136/bmj.323.7321.1123 11701584
    • Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements. Vickers AJ, Altman DG, BMJ 2001 323 1123 1124 10.1136/bmj.323.7321.1123 11701584
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.323 , pp. 1123-1124
    • Vickers, A.J.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 25
    • 0026195787 scopus 로고
    • Baseline comparisons in randomised clinical trials
    • 1876802
    • Baseline comparisons in randomised clinical trials. Senn SJ, Stat Med 1991 10 1157 1160 1876802
    • (1991) Stat Med , vol.10 , pp. 1157-1160
    • Senn, S.J.1
  • 26
    • 0027016075 scopus 로고
    • Directional baseline differences and Type i error probabilities in randomized clinical trials
    • 10.1080/10543409208835039 1300213
    • Directional baseline differences and Type I error probabilities in randomized clinical trials. Overall JE, Magee KN, J Biopharm Stat 1992 2 189 203 10.1080/10543409208835039 1300213
    • (1992) J Biopharm Stat , vol.2 , pp. 189-203
    • Overall, J.E.1    Magee, K.N.2
  • 27
    • 0027994660 scopus 로고
    • Implications of chance baseline differences in repeated measurement designs
    • 10.1080/10543409408835083 7951275
    • Implications of chance baseline differences in repeated measurement designs. Overall JE, Doyle SR, J Biopharm Stat 1994 4 199 216 10.1080/10543409408835083 7951275
    • (1994) J Biopharm Stat , vol.4 , pp. 199-216
    • Overall, J.E.1    Doyle, S.R.2
  • 28
    • 84861313018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment and implication of prognostic imbalance in randomized controlled trials with a binary outcome - A simulation study
    • 10.1371/journal.pone.0036677 22629322
    • Assessment and implication of prognostic imbalance in randomized controlled trials with a binary outcome-a simulation study. Chu R, Walter SD, Guyatt G, Devereaux PJ, Walsh M, Thorlund K, Thabane L, PLoS One 2012 7 36677 10.1371/journal.pone.0036677 22629322
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. 536677
    • Chu, R.1    Walter, S.D.2    Guyatt, G.3    Devereaux, P.J.4    Walsh, M.5    Thorlund, K.6    Thabane, L.7
  • 29
    • 0037108235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subgroup analysis, covariate adjustment and baseline comparisons in clinical trial reporting: Current practice and problems
    • 10.1002/sim.1296 12325108
    • Subgroup analysis, covariate adjustment and baseline comparisons in clinical trial reporting: current practice and problems. Pocock SJ, Assmann SE, Enos LE, Kasten LE, Stat Med 2002 21 2917 2930 10.1002/sim.1296 12325108
    • (2002) Stat Med , vol.21 , pp. 2917-2930
    • Pocock, S.J.1    Assmann, S.E.2    Enos, L.E.3    Kasten, L.E.4
  • 31
    • 16844372621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical power for analyses of changes in randomized controlled trials
    • 10.1177/154405910508400315 15723872
    • Statistical power for analyses of changes in randomized controlled trials. Tu YK, Blance A, Clerehugh V, Gilthorpe MS, J Dent Res 2005 84 283 287 10.1177/154405910508400315 15723872
    • (2005) J Dent Res , vol.84 , pp. 283-287
    • Tu, Y.K.1    Blance, A.2    Clerehugh, V.3    Gilthorpe, M.S.4
  • 32
    • 0035739474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of data with imbalance in the baseline outcome variable for randomized clinical trials
    • 10.1177/009286150103500417
    • Analysis of data with imbalance in the baseline outcome variable for randomized clinical trials. Wei L, Zhang J, Drug Inf J 2001 35 1201 1214 10.1177/009286150103500417
    • (2001) Drug Inf J , vol.35 , pp. 1201-1214
    • Wei, L.1    Zhang, J.2
  • 33
    • 0021958719 scopus 로고
    • Uses and abuses of analysis of covariance in clinical trials
    • 10.1016/0197-2456(85)90093-5 3987300
    • Uses and abuses of analysis of covariance in clinical trials. Egger MJ, Coleman ML, Ward JR, Reading JC, Williams HJ, Control Clin Trials 1985 6 12 24 10.1016/0197-2456(85)90093-5 3987300
    • (1985) Control Clin Trials , vol.6 , pp. 12-24
    • Egger, M.J.1    Coleman, M.L.2    Ward, J.R.3    Reading, J.C.4    Williams, H.J.5
  • 34
    • 1842506289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the result of a randomized controlled trial: How to define changes between baseline and follow up
    • 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.07.009 15066681
    • Evaluation of the result of a randomized controlled trial: how to define changes between baseline and follow up. Twisk J, Proper K, J Clin Epidemiol 2004 57 223 228 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.07.009 15066681
    • (2004) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.57 , pp. 223-228
    • Twisk, J.1    Proper, K.2
  • 35
    • 0034712491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subgroup analysis and other (mis)uses of baseline data in clinical trials
    • 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02039-0 10744093
    • Subgroup analysis and other (mis)uses of baseline data in clinical trials. Assmann SF, Pocock SJ, Enos LE, Kasten LE, Lancet 2000 355 1064 1069 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02039-0 10744093
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1064-1069
    • Assmann, S.F.1    Pocock, S.J.2    Enos, L.E.3    Kasten, L.E.4
  • 36
    • 0015990146 scopus 로고
    • Statistical methods for the identification and use of prognostic factors
    • 10.1002/ijc.2910130104 4594339
    • Statistical methods for the identification and use of prognostic factors. Armitage P, Gehan EA, Int J Cancer 1974 13 16 36 10.1002/ijc.2910130104 4594339
    • (1974) Int J Cancer , vol.13 , pp. 16-36
    • Armitage, P.1    Gehan, E.A.2
  • 37
    • 0024583836 scopus 로고
    • Covariate imbalance and random allocation in clinical trials
    • 10.1002/sim.4780080410 2727470
    • Covariate imbalance and random allocation in clinical trials. Senn SJ, Stat Med 1989 8 467 475 10.1002/sim.4780080410 2727470
    • (1989) Stat Med , vol.8 , pp. 467-475
    • Senn, S.J.1
  • 38
    • 0028101076 scopus 로고
    • Testing for baseline balance in clinical trials
    • 10.1002/sim.4780131703 7997705
    • Testing for baseline balance in clinical trials. Senn SJ, Stat Med 1994 13 1715 1726 10.1002/sim.4780131703 7997705
    • (1994) Stat Med , vol.13 , pp. 1715-1726
    • Senn, S.J.1
  • 39
    • 0033920289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to select covariates to include in the analysis of a clinical trial
    • 10.1016/S0197-2456(00)00061-1 10913808
    • How to select covariates to include in the analysis of a clinical trial. Raab GM, Day S, Sales J, Control Clin Trials 2000 21 330 342 10.1016/S0197-2456(00)00061-1 10913808
    • (2000) Control Clin Trials , vol.21 , pp. 330-342
    • Raab, G.M.1    Day, S.2    Sales, J.3
  • 42
    • 79551568053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying the cost in power of ignoring continuous covariates imbalances in clinical trial randomization
    • 10.1016/j.cct.2010.11.005 21078415
    • Quantifying the cost in power of ignoring continuous covariates imbalances in clinical trial randomization. Ciolino J, Zhao W, Martin R, Palesch Y, Contemp Clin Trials 2011 32 250 259 10.1016/j.cct.2010.11.005 21078415
    • (2011) Contemp Clin Trials , vol.32 , pp. 250-259
    • Ciolino, J.1    Zhao, W.2    Martin, R.3    Palesch, Y.4
  • 44
    • 84867757199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporting and analysis of trials using stratified randomisation in leading medical journals: Review and reanalysis
    • 10.1136/bmj.e5840 22983531
    • Reporting and analysis of trials using stratified randomisation in leading medical journals: review and reanalysis. Kahan BC, Morris TP, BMJ 2012 345 5840 10.1136/bmj.e5840 22983531
    • (2012) BMJ , vol.345 , pp. 55840
    • Kahan, B.C.1    Morris, T.P.2
  • 45
    • 0025857402 scopus 로고
    • Baseline corrections in experimental and quasi-experimental clinical trials
    • 1867736
    • Baseline corrections in experimental and quasi-experimental clinical trials. Overall JE, Ashby B, Neuropsychopharmacology 1991 4 273 281 1867736
    • (1991) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.4 , pp. 273-281
    • Overall, J.E.1    Ashby, B.2
  • 46
    • 2942592425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covariate adjustment in randomized controlled trials with dichotomous outcomes increases statistical power and reduces sample size requirements
    • 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.09.014 15196615
    • Covariate adjustment in randomized controlled trials with dichotomous outcomes increases statistical power and reduces sample size requirements. Hernández AV, Steyerberg EW, Habbema JD, J Clin Epidemiol 2004 57 454 460 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.09.014 15196615
    • (2004) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.57 , pp. 454-460
    • Hernández, A.V.1    Steyerberg, E.W.2    Habbema, J.D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.