Development of UK recommendations on treatment for post-surgical erectile dysfunction

International Journal of Clinical Practice

Volumn 68, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 590-608

  Kirby, M G ^a,b   White, I D ^c   Butcher, J ^d   Challacombe, B ^d   Coe, J ^e   Grover, L ^a,b   Hegarty, P ^d   Jackson, G ^f   Lowndes, A ^g   Payne, H ^e   Rees, J ^h   Sangar, V ⁱ   Thompson, A ^c  

^a Prostate Centre   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE   (United Kingdom)

^c INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^d KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON HOSPITALS   (United Kingdom)

^f LONDON BRIDGE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^g DORSET COUNTY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^h Backwell and Nailsea Medical Group   (United Kingdom)

ⁱ CHRISTIE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PHOSPHODIESTERASE V INHIBITOR; PROSTAGLANDIN E1; SILDENAFIL; TADALAFIL; VARDENAFIL;

ARTICLE; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; CONVALESCENCE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HEALTH CARE SURVEY; HUMAN; OPERATION DURATION; PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE TRAINING; PENIS PROSTHESIS; POSTOPERATIVE CARE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PREDICTION; PREOPERATIVE CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATECTOMY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SEXUAL COUNSELING; SEXUAL SATISFACTION; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT PLANNING; UNITED KINGDOM; UROLOGICAL EQUIPMENT; VACUUM ERECTION DEVICE; COMPLICATION; MALE; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RECTAL NEOPLASMS; URINARY BLADDER NEOPLASMS;

COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HUMANS; MALE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; RECTAL NEOPLASMS; UNITED KINGDOM; URINARY BLADDER NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84899448203     PISSN: 13685031     EISSN: 17421241     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12338     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Cancer Research UK. www.cancerresearchuk.org/prod...common/.../documents/ .../018070.pdf. (accessed October 2013).
2. Cancer Research UK. Bowel cancer statistics-key facts, 2010. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/keyfacts/bowel-cancer/ (accessed October 2013)
3. Koga F, Kihara K,. Selective bladder preservation with curative intent for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a contemporary review. Int J Urol 2012; 19 (5): 388-401.
4. Nandipati KC, Raina R, Agarwal A, et al. Erectile dysfunction following radical retropubic prostatectomy: epidemiology, pathophysiology and pharmacological management. Drugs Aging 2006; 23: 101-17.
5. Mulhall JP, Morgentaler A,. Penile rehabilitation should become the norm for radical prostatectomy patients. J Sex Med 2007; 4: 538-43.
6. Fitch MI, Miller D, Sharir S, McAndrew A,. Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a qualitative study of patient experiences and implications for practice. Can Oncol Nurs J 2010; 20 (4): 177-87.
7. Ellis R, Smith A, Wilson S, Warmington S, Ismail T,. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction in post-treatment colorectal cancer patients and their interests in seeking treatment: a cross-sectional survey in the West Midlands. J Sex Med 2010; 7: 1488-96.
8. Pietrangeli A, Pugliese P, Perrone M, Sperduti I, Cosimelli M, Jandolo B,. Sexual dysfunction following surgery for rectal cancer-a clinical and neurophysiological study. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2009; 17 (28): 128.
9. Kasparek MS, Hassan I, Cima RR, Larson DR, Gullerud RE, Wolff BG,. Long-term quality of life and sexual and urinary function after abdominoperineal resection for distal rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2012; 55 (2): 147-54.
10. Nishizawa Y, Ito M, Saito N, Suzuki T, Sugito M, Tanaka T,. Male sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer surgery. Int J Colorectal Dis 2011; 26 (12): 1541-8.
11. Rogers CG, Trock BP, Walsh PC,. Preservation of accessory pudendal arteries during radical retropubic prostatectomy: surgical technique and results. Urology 2004; 64: 148-51.
12. Munding M, Wessells H, Dalkin B,. Pilot study of changes in stretched penile length 3 months after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urology 2001; 58: 567-9.
13. Savoie M, Kim SS, Soloway M,. A prospective study measuring penile length in men treated with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Urol 2003; 169: 1462-5.
14. Salonia A, Burnett AL, Graefen M, et al. Prevention and management of postprostatectomy sexual dysfunctions. Part 1: choosing the right patient at the right time for the right surgery. Eur Urol 2012; 62: 273-86.
15. Walsh PC, Marschke P, Ricker D, Burnett AL,. Patient-reported urinary continence and sexual function after anatomic radical prostatectomy. Urology 2000; 55: 58-61.
16. Rabbani F, Stapleton AM, Kattan MW, et al. Factors predicting recovery of erections after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 2000; 164: 1929-34.
17. Kundu SD, Roehl KA, Eggener SE, et al. Potency, continence and complications in 3,477 consecutive radical retropubic prostatectomies. J Urol 2004; 172: 2227-31.
18. Tutolo M, Briganti A, Suardi N, et al. Optimizing postoperative sexual function after radical prostatectomy. Ther Adv Urol 2012; 4 (6): 347-65.
19. Albaugh JA,. Addressing and managing erectile dysfunction after prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Urol Nurs 2010; 30 (3): 166, 167-77.
20. Forbat L, White I, Marshall-Lucette S, Kelly D,. Discussing the sexual consequences of treatment in radiotherapy and urology consultations with couples affected by prostate cancer. BJU Int 2012; 109: 98-103.
21. Davison BJ, Matthew A, Elliott S, Breckon E, Griffin S,. Assessing couples' preferences for postoperative sexual rehabilitation before radical prostatectomy. BJU Int 2012; 110 (10): 1529-35.
22. Chartier-Kastler E, Amar E, Chevallier D, et al. Does management of erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy meet patients' expectations? Results of a national survey (REPAIR) by the French Urological Association. J Sex Med 2008; 5 (3): 693-704.
23. Nehra A, Jackson G, Miner M, et al. The Princeton III consensus recommendations for the management of erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87 (8): 766-78.
24. Smith DG, Frankel S, Yarnell J,. Sex and death: are they related? Findings from the Caerphilly cohort study. BMJ 1997; 315: 1641.
25. Abramov LA,. Sexual life and frigidity among women developing acute myocardial infarction. Psychosom Med 1976; 38: 418-25.
26. Nelson CJ, Mulhall JP, Roth AJ,. The association between erectile dysfunction and depressive symptoms in men treated for prostate cancer. J Sex Med 2011; 8 (2): 560-6.
27. Ferrini MG, Davila HH, Kovanecz I, Sanchez SP, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF, Rajfer J,. Vardenafil prevents fibrosis and loss of corporal smooth muscle that occurs after bilateral cavernosal nerve resection in the rat. Urology 2006; 68: 429-35.
28. Mulhall JP, Müller A, Donohue JF, et al. The functional and structural consequences of cavernous nerve injury are ameliorated by sildenafil citrate. J Sex Med 2008; 5: 1126-36.
29. Sirad F, Hlaing S, Kovanecz I, et al. Sildenafil promotes smooth muscle preservation and ameliorates fibrosis through modulation of extracellular matrix and tissue growth factor gene expression after bilateral cavernosal nerve resection in the rat. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 1048-60.
30. Ozden E, Öztürk B, Kosan M, et al. Effect of sildenafil citrate on penile weight and physiology of cavernous smooth muscle in a post-radical prostatectomy model of erectile dysfunction in rats. Urology 2011; 77: 761.e1-7.
31. Kovanecz I, Rambhatla A, Ferrini MG, et al. Chronic daily tadalafil prevents the corporal fibrosis and veno-occlusive dysfunction that occurs after cavernosal nerve resection. BJU Int 2008; 101: 203-10.
32. Mulhall JP, Bella AJ, Briganti A, McCullough A, Brock G,. Erectile function rehabilitation in the radical prostatectomy patient. J Sex Med 2010; 7: 1687-98.
33. British Society for Sexual Medicine. Guidelines on the management of erectile dysfunction. http://www.eguidelines.co.uk/eguidelinesmain/guidelines/ summaries/obstetrics-gynaecology-urology/bssm-ed.php#.UiOEB-I1ipo (accessed September 2013).
34. Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine-Levels of Evidence. http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o&=&1025 (accessed September 2013).
35. Campbell SE, Glazener CM, Hunter KF, Cody JD, Moore KN,. Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 13: CD001843.
36. Montorsi F, Guazzoni G, Strambi LF, et al. Recovery of spontaneous erectile function after nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy with and without early intracavernous injections of alprostadil: results of a prospective, randomized trial. J Urol 1997; 158: 1408-10.
37. Mulhall J, Land S, Parker M, et al. The use of an erectogenic pharmacotherapy regimen following radical prostatectomy improves recovery of spontaneous erectile function. J Sex Med 2005; 2: 532-54; discussion 540-542.
38. Yiou R, Cunin P, de la Taille A, et al. Sexual rehabilitation and penile pain associated with intracavernous alprostadil after radical prostatectomy. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 575-82.
39. Costabile RA, Spevak M, Fishman IJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of transurethral alprostadil in patients with erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy. J Urol 1998; 160: 1325-8.
40. Gontero P, Fontana F, Bagnasacco A, et al. Is there an optimal time for intracavernous prostaglandin E1 rehabilitation following nonnerve sparing radical prostatectomy? Results from a hemodynamic prospective study. J Urol 2003; 169: 2166-9.
41. Raina R, Pahlajani G, Agarwal A, Zippe CD,. The early use of transurethral alprostadil after radical prostatectomy potentially facilitates an earlier return of erectile function and successful sexual activity. BJU Int 2007; 100 (6): 1317-21.
42. Raina R, Agarwal A, Zaramo CE, Ausmundson S, Mansour D, Zippe CD,. Long-term efficacy and compliance of MUSE for erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy: SHIM (IIEF-5) analysis. Int J Impot Res 2005; 17 (1): 86-90.
43. Köhler TS, Pedro R, Hendlin K, et al. A pilot study on the early use of the vacuum erection device after radical retropubic prostatectomy. BJU Int 2007; 100 (4): 858-62.
44. Raina R, Agarwal A, Ausmundson S, et al. Early use of vacuum constriction device following radical prostatectomy facilitates early sexual activity and potentially earlier return of erectile function. Int J Impot Res 2006; 18 (1): 77-81.
45. Aydogdu O, Gokce MI, Burgu B, Baltaci S, Yaman O,. Tadalafil rehabilitation therapy preserves penile size after bilateral nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy. Int Braz J Urol 2011; 37 (3): 336-44.
46. Bannowsky A, Schulze H, van der Horst C, Hautmann S, Jünemann KP,. Recovery of erectile function after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: improvement with nightly low-dose sildenafil. BJU Int 2008; 101 (10): 1279-83.
47. Brock G, Nehra A, Lipshultz LI, et al. Safety and efficacy of vardenafil for the treatment of men with erectile dysfunction after radical retropubic prostatectomy. J Urol 2003; 170 (4 Pt 1): 1278-83.
48. McCullough AR, Hellstrom WG, Wang R, Lepor H, Wagner KR, Engel JD,. Recovery of erectile function after nerve sparing radical prostatectomy and penile rehabilitation with nightly intraurethral alprostadil versus sildenafil citrate. J Urol 2010; 183: 2451-6.
49. Montorsi F, Brock G, Lee J, et al. Effect of nightly versus on-demand vardenafil on recovery of erectile function in men following bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2008; 54 (4): 924-31.
50. Montorsi F, Nathan HP, McCullough A, et al. Tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction following bilateral nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. J Urol 2004; 172 (3): 1036-41.
51. Mosbah A, El Bahnasawy M, Osman Y, Hekal IA, Abou-Beih E, Shaaban A,. Early versus late rehabilitation of erectile function after nerve-sparing radical cystoprostatectomy: a prospective randomized study. J Sex Med 2011; 8 (7): 2106-11.
52. Nehra A, Grantmyre J, Nadel A, Thibonnier M, Brock G,. Vardenafil improved patient satisfaction with erectile hardness, orgasmic function and sexual experience in men with erectile dysfunction following nerve sparing radical prostatectomy. J Urol 2005; 173: 2067-71.
53. Pace G, Del Rosso A, Vicentini C,. Penile rehabilitation therapy following radical prostatectomy. Disabil Rehabil 2010; 32 (14): 1204-8.
54. Padma-Nathan H, McCullough AR, Levine LA, et al.; Study Group. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of postoperative nightly sildenafil citrate for the prevention of erectile dysfunction after bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Int J Impot Res 2008; 20 (5): 479-86.
55. Lindsey I, George B, Kettlewell M, Mortensen N,. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sildenafil (Viagra) for erectile dysfunction after rectal excision for cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Colon Rectum 2002; 45 (6): 727-32.
56. Briganti A, Di Trapani E, Abdollah F, et al. Choosing the best candidates for penile rehabilitation after bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. J Sex Med 2012; 9 (2): 608-17.
57. Müller A, Parker M, Waters BW, Flanigan RC, Mulhall JP,. Penile rehabilitation following radical prostatectomy: predicting success. J Sex Med 2009; 6 (10): 2806-12.
58. Schwartz EJ, Wong P, Graydon RJ,. Sildenafil preserves intracorporeal smooth muscle after radical retropubic prostatectomy. J Urol 2004; 171 (2 Pt 1): 771-4.
59. Briganti A, Gallina A, Suardi N, et al. Predicting erectile function recovery after bilateral nerve sparing radical prostatectomy: a proposal of a novel preoperative risk stratification. J Sex Med 2010; 7 (7): 2521-31.
60. Mulhall JP, Parker M, Waters BW, Flanigan R,. The timing of penile rehabilitation after bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy affects the recovery of erectile function. BJU Int 2010; 105 (1): 37-41.
61. Zippe C, Nandipati K, Agarwal A, Raina R,. Sexual dysfunction after pelvic surgery. Int J Impot Res 2006; 18 (1): 1-18.
62. El-Bahnasawy MS, Ismail T, Elsobky E, Alzalouey EI, Bazeed MA,. Prognostic factors predicting successful response to sildenafil after radical cystoprostatectomy. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2008; 42 (2): 110-5.
63. Titta M, Tavolini IM, Moro FD, Cisternino A, Bassi P,. Sexual counseling improved erectile rehabilitation after non-nervesparing radical retropubic prostatectomy or cystectomy-results of a randomized prospective study. J Sex Med 2006; 3: 267-73.
64. Mydlo JH, Viterbo R, Crispen P,. Use of combined intracorporal injection and a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor therapy for men with a suboptimal response to sildenafil and/or vardenafil monotherapy after radical retropubic prostatectomy. BJU Int 2005; 95 (6): 843-6.
65. Yassin AA, Haidar A, Saad F,. Favorable effects of early "penile rehabilitation" following nerve sparing radical prostatectomy. J Sex Med 2006; 3: 407.
66. Basal S, Wambi C, Acikel C, Gupta M, Badani K,. Optimal strategy for penile rehabilitation after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy based on preoperative erectile function. BJU Int 2013; 111 (4): 658-65.
67. Kimura M, Caso JR, Bañez LL, et al. Predicting participation in and successful outcome of a penile rehabilitation programme using a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor with a vacuum erection device after radical prostatectomy. BJU Int 2012; 110 (11 Pt C): E931-8.
68. Lee DJ, Cheetham P, Badani KK,. Penile rehabilitation protocol after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: assessment of compliance with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy and effect on early potency. BJU Int 2010; 105 (3): 382-8.
69. Moskovic DJ, Mohamed O, Sathyamoorthy K, et al. The female factor: predicting compliance with a post-prostatectomy erectile preservation program. J Sex Med 2010; 7 (11): 3659-65.
70. Nandipati K, Raina R, Agarwal A, Zippe CD,. Early combination therapy: intracavernosal injections and sildenafil following radical prostatectomy increases sexual activity and the return of natural erections. Int J Impot Res 2006; 18 (5): 446-51.
71. Rubio-Aurioles E, Reyes LA, Borregales L, Cairoli C, Sorsaburu S,. A 6 month, prospective, observational study of PDE5 inhibitor treatment persistence and adherence in Latin American men with erectile dysfunction. Curr Med Res Opin 2013; 29 (6): 695-706.
72. Claes HI, Andrianne R, Opsomer R, Albert A, Patel S, Commers K,. The HelpED study: agreement and impact of the erection hardness score on sexual function and psychosocial outcomes in men with erectile dysfunction and their partners. J Sex Med 2012; 9 (10): 2652-63.
73. Jiann BP, Su CC, Tsai JY,. Is female sexual function related to the male partners' erectile function? J Sex Med 2013; 10 (2): 420-9.
74. Schover LR, Fouladi RT, Warneke CL, et al. The use of treatments for erectile dysfunction among survivors of prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2002; 95 (11): 2397-407.
75. Shindel A, Quayle S, Yan Y, Husain A, Naughton C,. Sexual dysfunction in female partners of men who have undergone radical prostatectomy correlates with sexual dysfunction of the male partner. J Sex Med 2005; 2 (6): 833-41.
76. Neese LE, Schover LR, Klein EA, Zippe C, Kupelian PA,. Finding help for sexual problems after prostate cancer treatment: a phone survey of men's and women's perspectives. Psychooncology 2003; 12 (5): 463-73.
77. El-Meliegy A, Rabah D, Al-Mitwalli K, et al. A 6-month, prospective, observational study of PDE5 inhibitor treatment persistence and adherence in Middle Eastern and North African men with erectile dysfunction. Curr Med Res Opin 2013; 29 (6): 707-17.
78. Polito M, d'Anzeo G, Conti A, Muzzonigro G,. Erectile rehabilitation with intracavernous alprostadil after radical prostatectomy: refusal and dropout rates. BJU Int 2012; 110 (11 Pt C): E954-7.
79. Sato Y, Tanda H, Nakajima H, et al. Dissociation between patients and their partners in expectations for sexual life after radical prostatectomy. Int J Urol 2013; 20 (3): 322-8.
80. Manktelow B, Dann S,. Kent Oncology Centre Survey Report.February 2009.
81. Briganti A, Capitanio U, Chun FK, et al. Prediction of sexual function after radical prostatectomy. Cancer 2009; 115 (13 Suppl.): 3150-9.
82. Alemozaffar M, Regan MM, Cooperberg MR, et al. Prediction of erectile function following treatment for prostate cancer. JAMA 2011; 306 (11): 1205-14.
83. Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, Osterloh IH, Kirkpatrick J, Mishra A,. The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology 1997; 49: 822-30.
84. Cappelleri JC, Rosen RC,. The sexual health inventory for men (SHIM): a 5-year review of research and clinical experience. Int J Impot Res 2005; 17: 307-19.
85. Mulhall JP, Goldstein I, Bushmakin AG, Cappelleri JC, Hvidsten K,. Validation of the erection hardness score. J Sex Med 2007; 4: 1626-34.
86. Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Smith MD, Lipsky J, Pena BM,. Development and evaluation of an abridged, 5-item version of the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 1999; 11: 319-26.
87. Nandipati KC, Raina R, Agarwal A, Zippe CD,. Sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil are equally effective treatments for erectile dysfunction after bilateral nerve sparing prostatectomy [abstract presented at the 61st Annual American Society of Reproductive Medicine meeting: October 19, 2005. Montreal, Quebec] Fertil Steril 2005; 84 (Suppl. 1): S134.
88. Stefaniak H, Kang J, Kshirsagar A, et al. Tadalafil therapy beginning postoperative day one preserves erectile function after radical prostatectomy-preliminary results [AUA abstract]. J Am Coll Surg 2005; 201 (3) (Suppl. 1): S94.
89. Hatzimouratidis K, Burnett AL, Hatzichristou D, McCullough AR, Montorsi F, Mulhall JP,. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction: a critical analysis of the basic science rationale and clinical application. Eur Urol 2009; 55: 334-47.
90. Montorsi F, McCullough A,. Efficacy of sildenafil citrate in men with erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy: a systematic review of clinical data. J Sex Med 2005; 2: 658-67.
91. Padma-Nathan H, McCullough AR, Levine LA, et al.; Study Group. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of postoperative nightly sildenafil citrate for the prevention of erectile dysfunction after bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Int J Impot Res 2008; 20 (5): 479-86.
92. Montorsi F, Maga T, Strambi LF, et al. Sildenafil taken at bedtime significantly increases nocturnal erections: results of a placebo-controlled study. Urology 2000; 56 (6): 906-11.
93. Meuleman EJ, Mulders PF,. Erectile function after radical prostatectomy: a review. Eur Urol 2003; 43 (2): 95-101.
94. Gallina A, Ferrari M, Suardi N, et al. Erectile function outcome after bilateral nerve sparing radical prostatectomy: which patients may be left untreated? J Sex Med 2012; 9: 903-8.
95. Kovanecz I, Rambhatla A, Ferrini M, et al. Long-term continuous sildenafil treatment ameliorates corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction (CVOD) induced by cavernosal nerve resection in rats. Int J Impot Res 2008; 20: 202-12.
96. Lysiak JJ, Yang SK, Klausner AP, et al. Tadalafil increases Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation, and prevents apoptotic cell death in the penis following denervation. J Urol 2008; 179: 779e785.
97. Briganti A, Fabbri F, Salonia A, et al. Preserved postoperative penile size correlates well with maintained erectile function after bilateral nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2007; 52 (3): 702-7.
98. Salonia A, Gallina A, Zanni G, et al. Acceptance of and discontinuation rate from erectile dysfunction oral treatment in patients following bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2008; 53: 564-70.
99. Wang R,. Penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy: where do we stand and where are we going? J Sex Med 2007; 4 (4 Pt 2): 1085-97.
100. Sadovsky R, Basson R, Krychman M, et al. Cancer and sexual problems. J Sex Med 2010; 7: 349-73.
101. Bronner G, Shefi S, Raviv G,. Sexual dysfunction after radical prostatectomy: treatment failure or treatment delay? J Sex Marital Ther 2010; 36: 421-9.