A review of the bioactivity of hydraulic calcium silicate cements

Journal of Dentistry

Volumn 42, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 517-533

  Niu, Li Na ^a   Jiao, Kai ^a   Wang, Tian Da ^b   Zhang, Wei ^c   Camilleri, Josette ^d   Bergeron, Brian E ^e   Feng, Hai Lan ^b   Mao, Jing ^c   Chen, Ji Hua ^a   Pashley, David H ^e   Tay, Franklin R ^e  

^a FOURTH MILITARY MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b PEKING UNIVERSITY SCHOOL AND HOSPITAL OF STOMATOLOGY   (China)

^c HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MALTA   (Malta)

^e AUGUSTA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Bioactivity; Calcium silicate; Hydraulic cement; In vitro; In vivo

Indexed keywords

APATITE; BIOMATERIAL; BONE CEMENT; CALCIUM DERIVATIVE; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE; CALCIUM SILICATE; SILICATE; SILICATE CEMENT;

ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY; BONE; CHEMISTRY; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; HUMAN; PRECIPITATION;

APATITES; BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS; BONE AND BONES; BONE CEMENTS; CALCIUM COMPOUNDS; CALCIUM PHOSPHATES; CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; HUMANS; SILICATE CEMENT; SILICATES;

EID: 84899436990     PISSN: 03005712     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.12.015     Document Type: Review

References (160)

1. D.F. Williams Definitions in biomaterials 1987 Elsevier Amsterdam/Oxford/New York/Tokyo
2. J.A. Hubbell Bioactive biomaterials Current Opinion in Biotechnology 10 1999 123 129
3. T. Asefa, C.T. Duncan, and K.K. Sharma Recent advances in nanostructured chemosensors and biosensors Analyst 134 2009 1980 1990
4. D. Campoccia, L. Montanaro, and C.R. Arciola A review of the biomaterials technologies for infection-resistant surfaces Biomaterials 34 2013 8533 8554
5. F.R. Maia, S.J. Bidarra, P.L. Granja, and C.C. Barrias Functionalization of biomaterials with small osteoinductive moieties Acta Biomaterialia 9 2013 8773 8789
6. G. Cado, R. Aslam, L. Séon, T. Garnier, R. Fabre, and A. Parat et al. Self-defensive biomaterial coating against bacteria and yeasts: polysaccharide multilayer film with embedded antimicrobial peptide Advanced Functional Materials 23 2013 4801 4809
7. S. Sharma, R. Singh, and S. Rana Bioactive peptides: a review International Journal of Bioautomation 15 2011 223 250
8. L.L. Hench, and H.A. Paschall Histochemical responses at a biomaterial's interface Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 8 1974 49 64
9. L.L. Hench, R.J. Splinter, W.C. Allen, and T.K. Greenlee Bonding mechanisms at the interface of ceramic prosthetic materials Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 5 1971 117 141
10. M. Neo, T. Nakamura, C. Ohtsuki, T. Kokubo, and T. Yamamuro Apatite formation on three kinds of bioactive material at an early stage in vivo: a comparative study by transmission electron microscopy Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 1993 999 1006
11. M.N. Rahaman, D.E. Day, B.S. Bal, Q. Fu, S.B. Jung, and L.F. Bonewald et al. Bioactive glass in tissue engineering Acta Biomaterialia 7 2011 2355 2373
12. L.L. Hench, and E.C. Ethridge Biomaterials - an interfacial approach 1982 Academic Press New York
13. J.E. Davies The bone-biomaterial interface 1993 University of Toronto Press Toronto
14. T. Kitsugi, T. Nakamura, T. Yamamuro, T. Kokubo, T. Shibuya, and M. Takagi SEM-EPMA observation of three types of apatite containing glass ceramics implanted in bone: the variance of a Ca,P-rich layer Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 21 1987 1255 1271
15. T. Kokubo, H. Kushitani, S. Sakka, T. Kitsugi, and T. Yamamuro Solutions able to reproduce in vivo surface-structure change in bioactive glass-ceramic A-W Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 1990 721 734
16. T. Kokubo, and H. Takadama How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity? Biomaterials 27 2006 2907 2915
17. M. Bohner, and J. Lemaitre Can bioactivity be tested in vitro with SBF solution? Biomaterials 30 2009 2175 2179
18. S.B. Cho, K. Nakanishi, T. Kokubo, N. Soga, C. Ohtsuki, and T. Nakamura Apatite formation on silica gel in simulated body fluid: its dependence on structures of silica gels prepared in different media Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 33 1996 145 151
19. T. Peltola, M. Pätsi, H. Rahiala, I. Kangasniemi, and A. Yli-Urpo Calcium phosphate induction by sol-gel-derived titania coatings on titanium substrates in vitro Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 1998 504 510
20. M. Uchida, H.M. Kim, T. Kokubo, and T. Nakamura Bonelike apatite formation induced on zirconia gel in simulated body fluid and its modified solutions Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 2001 2041 2044
21. T. Miyazaki, H.M. Kim, T. Kokubo, C. Ohtsuki, H. Kato, and T. Nakamura Apatite-forming ability of niobium oxide gels in a simulated body fluid Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 109 2001 929 933
22. T. Miyazaki, H.M. Kim, T. Kokubo, H. Kato, and T. Nakamura Induction and acceleration of bonelike apatite formation on tantalum oxide gel in simulated body fluid Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 21 2001 83 88
23. H.W. Roberts, J.M. Toth, D.W. Berzins, and D.G. Charlton Mineral trioxide aggregate material use in endodontic treatment: a review of the literature Dental Materials 24 2008 149 164
24. M. Parirokh, and M. Torabinejad Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature review. Part I. Chemical, physical, and antibacterial properties Journal of Endodontics 36 2010 16 27
25. M. Parirokh, and M. Torabinejad Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature review. Part III. Clinical applications, drawbacks, and mechanism of action Journal of Endodontics 36 2010 400 413
26. B.W. Darvell, and R.C. Wu MTA - an hydraulic silicate cement: review update and setting reaction Dental Materials 27 2011 407 422
27. Hench L.L. Bioceramics From concept to clinic Journal of the American Ceramic Society 74 1991 1487 1510
28. C.J. Wilson, R.E. Clegg, D.I. Leavesley, and M.J. Pearcy Mediation of biomaterial-cell interactions by adsorbed proteins: a review Tissue Engineering 11 2005 1 18
29. W. Cao, and L.L. Hench Bioactive materials Ceramics International 22 1996 493 507
30. ® T. Yamamuro, L.L. Hench, J. Wilson, Handbook of bioactive ceramics, vol. 1. Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics 1990 CRC Press Boca Raton
31. M. Neo, S. Kotani, Y. Fujita, T. Nakamura, T. Yamamuro, and Y. Bando et al. Differences in ceramic-bone interface between surface-active ceramics and resorbable ceramics: a study by scanning and transmission electron microscopy Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 26 1992 255 267
32. D.C. Greenspan Bioactive glass: mechanism of bone bonding Tandläkartidningen rk 91 1999
33. J.P. Zhong, G.P. LaTorre, and L.L. Hench The kinetics of bioactive ceramics. Part VII. Binding of collagen to hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass O.H. Andersson, A. Yli-Urpo, Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on ceramics in medicine: bioceramics, vol. 7 1994 Butterworth-Heinemann Oxford 61 66
34. G.E. Merwin, J.S. Atkins, J. Wilson, and L.L. Hench Comparison of ossicular replacement materials in a mouse ear model Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 90 1982 461 469
35. ® Journal of Materials Science - Materials in Medicine 17 2006 967 978
36. T.L. Seitz, K.D. Noonan, L.L. Hench, and N.E. Noonan Effect of fibronectin on the adhesion of an established cell line to a surface reactive biomaterial Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 16 1982 195 207
37. A.J. García, P. Ducheyne, and D. Boettiger Effect of surface reaction stage on fibronectin-mediated adhesion of osteoblast-like cells to bioactive glass Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 1998 48 56
38. A. El-Ghannam, P. Ducheyne, and I.M. Shapiro Effect of serum proteins on osteoblast adhesion to surface-modified bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite Journal of Orthopaedic Research 17 1999 340 345
39. L.L. Hench Bioactive ceramics P. Ducheyne, J.E. Lemons, Bioceramics: materials characteristics versus in vivo behavior Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 523 1988 554
40. L.L. Hench, and Ö.H. Anderson Bioactive glasses L.L. Hench, J. Wilson, An introduction of bioceramics 1993 World Scientific London 41 62
41. R. Li, A.E. Clark, and L.L. Hench An investigation of bioactive glass powders by sol-gel processing Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 1991 231 239
42. 2O) Journal of Biomedical Materials Research A 66 2003 110 119
43. 2 gel-glasses for biomedical applications Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 14 2004 467 486
44. 2 glass Biomaterials 23 2002 711 716
45. D.C. Greenspan, and L.L. Hench Chemical and mechanical behavior of bioglass-coated alumina Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 10 1976 503 509
46. J. Zhong, G. Latorre, D. Greenspan, and L.L. Hench Alumina inhibitory effect on the formation of hydroxyapatite J. Wilson, D. Greenspan, L.L. Hench, Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on ceramics in medicine: bioceramics, vol. 8 1995 Butterworth-Heinemann Oxford 489 492
47. A. Hoppe, N.S. Güldal, and A.R. Boccaccini A review of the biological response to ionic dissolution products from bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics Biomaterials 32 2011 2757 2774
48. E.M. Carlisle Silicon: a possible factor in bone calcification Science 167 1970 279 280
49. J.J.M. Damen, and J.M. Ten Cate Silica-induced precipitation of calcium phosphate in the presence of inhibitors of hydroxyapatite formation Journal of Dental Research 71 1992 453 457
50. R. Jugdaohsingh, K.L. Tucker, N. Qiao, L.A. Cupples, D.P. Kiel, and J.J. Powell Dietary silicon intake is positively associated with bone mineral density in men and premenopausal women of the Framingham Offspring cohort Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 19 2004 297 307
51. I.A. Silver, J. Deas, and M. Erecińska Interactions of bioactive glasses with osteoblasts in vitro: effects of 45S5 Bioglass, and 58S and 77S bioactive glasses on metabolism, intracellular ion concentrations and cell viability Biomaterials 22 2001 175 185
52. M. Bosetti, L. Zanardi, L. Hench, and C.M. Type I collagen production by osteoblast-like cells cultured in contact with different bioactive glasses Journal of Biomedical Materials Research A 64 2003 189 195
53. D.M. Reffitt, N. Ogston, R. Jugdaohsingh, H.F.J. Cheung, B.A.J. Evans, and R.P.H. Thompson et al. Orthosilicic acid stimulates collagen type 1 synthesis and osteoblastic differentiation in human osteoblast-like cells in vitro Bone 32 2003 127 135
54. H.C. Schröder, X.H. Wang, M. Wiens, B. Diehl-Seifert, K. Kropf, and U. Schloßmacher et al. Silicate modulates the cross-talk between osteoblasts (SaOS-2) and osteoclasts (RAW 264.7 cells): inhibition of osteoclast growth and differentiation Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 113 2012 3197 3206
55. S. Maeno, Y. Niki, H. Matsumoto, H. Morioka, T. Yatabe, and A. Funayama et al. The effect of calcium ion concentration on osteoblast viability, proliferation and differentiation in monolayer and 3D culture Biomaterials 26 2005 4847 4855
56. P.J. Marie The calcium-sensing receptor in bone cells: a potential therapeutic target in osteoporosis Bone 46 2010 571 576
57. P. Valerio, M.M. Pereira, A.M. Goes, and M.F. Leite Effects of extracellular calcium concentration on the glutamate release by bioactive glass (BG60S) preincubated osteoblasts Biomedical Materials 4 2009 045011
58. A. Leu, S.M. Stieger, P. Dayton, K.W. Ferrara, and J.K. Leach Angiogenic response to bioactive glass promotes bone healing in an irradiated calvarial defect Tissue Engineering Part A 15 2009 877 885
59. A.A. Gorustovich, J.A. Roether, and A.R. Boccaccini Effect of bioactive glasses on angiogenesis: a review of in vitro and in vivo evidences Tissue Engineering Part B Reviews 16 2010 199 207
60. L.C. Gerhardt, K.L. Widdows, M.M. Erol, C.W. Burch, J.A. Sanz-Herrera, and I. Ochoa et al. The pro-angiogenic properties of multi-functional bioactive glass composite scaffolds Biomaterials 32 2011 4096 4108
61. L.C. Gerhardt, K.L. Widdows, M.M. Erol, A. Nandakumar, I.S. Roqan, and T. Ansari et al. Neocellularization and neovascularization of nanosized bioactive glass-coated decellularized trabecular bone scaffolds Journal of Biomedical Materials Research A 101 2013 827 841
62. Torabinejad M, White DJ. Tooth filling material and method of use. US Patent No. 5415547; 1993.
63. J. Camilleri, F.E. Montesin, K. Brady, R. Sweeney, R. Curtis, and T.R. Pitt Ford The constitution of mineral trioxide aggregate Dental Materials 21 2005 297 303
64. Primus CM. Dental material. US Patent No. 7892342; 2011.
65. N.J. Coleman, J.W. Nicholson, and K. Awosanya A preliminary investigation of the in vitro bioactivity of white Portland cement Cement and Concrete Research 37 2007 1518 1523
66. F.R. Tay, D.H. Pashley, F.A. Rueggeberg, R.J. Loushine, and R.N. Weller Calcium phosphate phase transformation produced by the interaction of the Portland cement component of white mineral trioxide aggregate with a phosphate-containing fluid Journal of Endodontics 33 2007 1347 1351
67. J. Mahamid, A. Sharir, L. Addadi, and S. Weiner Amorphous calcium phosphate is a major component of the forming fin bones of zebrafish: Indications for an amorphous precursor phase Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences United States of America 105 2008 12748 12753
68. J. Mahamid, B. Aichmayer, E. Shimoni, R. Ziblat, C. Li, and S. Siegel et al. Mapping amorphous calcium phosphate transformation into crystalline mineral from the cell to the bone in zebrafish fin rays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences United States of America 107 2010 6316 6321
69. J. Mahamid, L. Addadi, and S. Weiner Crystallization pathways in bone Cells Tissues Organs 194 2011 92 97
70. L.N. Niu, W. Zhang, D.H. Pashley, L. Breschi, J. Mao, and J.H. Chen et al. Biomimetic remineralization of dentin Dental Materials 2013 pii: S0109-5641(13)00175-9
71. L. Tjäderhane, F.D. Nascimento, L. Breschi, A. Mazzoni, I.L. Tersariol, and S. Geraldeli et al. Strategies to prevent hydrolytic degradation of the hybrid layer - a review Dental Materials 29 2013 999 1011
72. Y.P. Qi, N. Li, L.N. Niu, C.M. Primus, J.Q. Ling, and D.H. Pashley et al. Remineralization of artificial dentinal caries lesions by biomimetically modified mineral trioxide aggregate Acta Biomaterialia 8 2012 836 842
73. W. Zhao, J. Wang, W. Zhai, Z. Wang, and J. Chang The self-setting properties and in vitro bioactivity of tricalcium silicate Biomaterials 26 2005 6113 6121
74. X.H. Wan, C.K. Chang, D.L. Mao, L. Jiang, and M. Li Preparation and in vitro bioactivities of calcium silicate nanophase materials Materials Science Engineering C 25 2005 455 461
75. 4 Journal of Biomedical Materials Research B: Applied Biomaterials 73 2005 244 251
76. C.C. Chen, C.C. Ho, C.H. David Chen, W.C. Wang, and S.J. Ding In vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility of dicalcium silicate cements for endodontic use Journal of Endodontics 35 2009 1554 1557
77. L.M. Formosa, B. Mallia, T. Bull, and J. Camilleri The microstructure and surface morphology of radiopaque tricalcium silicate cement exposed to different curing conditions Dental Materials 28 2012 584 595
78. J. Camilleri, F. Sorrentino, and D. Damidot Investigation of the hydration and bioactivity of radiopacified tricalcium silicate cement, Biodentine and MTA Angelus Dental Materials 29 2013 580 593
79. C.A. Shaw, and L. Tomljenovic Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity Immunologic Research 56 2013 304 316
80. S. Han, J. Lemire, V.P. Appanna, C. Auger, Z. Castonguay, and V.D. Appanna How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale Cell Biology and Toxicology 29 2013 75 84
81. L. Zhang, C. Jin, Q. Liu, X. Lu, S. Wu, and J. Yang et al. Effects of subchronic aluminum exposure on spatial memory, ultrastructure and L-LTP of hippocampus in rats Journal Toxicology Science 38 2013 255 268
82. N.K. Sarkar, R. Caicedo, P. Ritwik, R. Moiseyeva, and I. Kawashima Physicochemical basis of the biologic properties of mineral trioxide aggregate Journal of Endodontics 31 2005 97 100
83. T.B. Bozeman, R.R. Lemon, and P.D. Eleazer Elemental analysis of crystal precipitate from gray and white MTA Journal of Endodontics 32 2006 425 428
84. M.C. Tingey, P. Bush, and M.S. Levine Analysis of mineral trioxide aggregate surface when set in the presence of fetal bovine serum Journal of Endodontics 34 2008 45 49
85. S. Asgary, M.J. Eghbal, M. Parirokh, and J. Ghoddusi Effect of two storage solutions on surface topography of two root-end fillings Australian Endodontic Journal 35 2009 147 152
86. J.F. Reyes-Carmona, M.S. Felippe, and W.T. Felippe Biomineralization ability and interaction of mineral trioxide aggregate and white Portland cement with dentin in a phosphate-containing fluid Journal of Endodontics 35 2009 731 736
87. P. Taddei, A. Tinti, M.G. Gandolfi, P.L. Rossi, and C. Prati Ageing of calcium silicate cements for endodontic use in simulated body fluids: a micro-Raman study Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 40 2009 1858 1866
88. P. Taddei, A. Tinti, M.G. Gandolfi, P.L. Rossi, and C. Prati Vibrational study on the bioactivity of Portland cement-based materials for endodontic use Journal of Molecular Structure 924 2009 548 554
89. L. Han, T. Okiji, and S. Okawa Morphological and chemical analysis of different precipitates on mineral trioxide aggregate immersed in different fluids Dental Materials Journal 29 2010 512 517
90. M.G. Gandolfi, G. Ciapetti, P. Taddei, F. Perut, A. Tinti, and M.V. Cardoso et al. Apatite formation on bioactive calcium-silicate cements for dentistry affects surface topography and human marrow stromal cells proliferation Dental Materials 26 2010 974 992
91. M.G. Gandolfi, P. Taddei, A. Tinti, E. De Stefano Dorigo, P.L. Rossi, and C. Prati Kinetics of apatite formation on a calcium-silicate cement for root-end filling during ageing in physiological-like phosphate solutions Clinical Oral Investigation 14 2010 659 668
92. M.G. Gandolfi, P. Taddei, A. Tinti, and C. Prati Apatite-forming ability (bioactivity) of ProRoot MTA International Endodontic Journal 43 2010 917 929
93. M.G. Gandolfi, K. Van Landuyt, P. Taddei, E. Modena, B. Van Meerbeek, and C. Prati Environmental scanning electron microscopy connected with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Raman techniques to study ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium silicate cements in wet conditions and in real time Journal of Endodontics 36 2010 851 857
94. R. Budiraharjo, K.G. Neoh, E.T. Kang, and A. Kishen Bioactivity of novel carboxymethyl chitosan scaffold incorporating MTA in a tooth model International Endodontic Journal 43 2010 930 939
95. L. Han, and T. Okiji Uptake of calcium and silicon released from calcium silicate-based endodontic materials into root canal dentine International Endodontic Journal 44 2011 1081 1087
96. M.G. Gandolfi, P. Taddei, F. Siboni, E. Modena, M.P. Ginebra, and C. Prati Fluoride-containing nanoporous calcium-silicate MTA cements for endodontics and oral surgery: early fluorapatite formation in a phosphate-containing solution International Endodontic Journal 44 2011 938 949
97. M.G. Gandolfi, P. Taddei, F. Siboni, E. Modena, G. Ciapetti, and C. Prati Development of the foremost light-curable calcium-silicate MTA cement as root-end in oral surgery, chemical-physical properties, bioactivity and biological behavior Dental Materials 27 2011 e134 e157
98. M.G. Gandolfi, P. Taddei, A. Tinti, E. De Stefano Dorigo, and C. Prati Alpha-TCP improves the apatite-formation ability of calcium-silicate hydraulic cement soaked in phosphate solutions Materials Science Engineering C 31 2011 1412 1422
99. D.C. Bird, T. Komabayashi, L. Guo, L.A. Opperman, and R. Spears In vitro evaluation of dentinal tubule penetration and biomineralization ability of a new root-end filling material Journal of Endodontics 38 2012 1093 1096
100. N. Shokouhinejad, M.H. Nekoofar, H. Razmi, S. Sajadi, T.E. Davies, and M.A. Saghiri et al. Bioactivity of EndoSequence root repair material and bioaggregate International Endodontic Journal 45 2012 1127 1134
101. L.M. Formosa, B. Mallia, and J. Camilleri The chemical properties of light- and chemical-curing composites with mineral trioxide aggregate filler Dental Materials 29 2013 e11 e19
102. L. Han, and T. Okiji Bioactivity evaluation of three calcium silicate-based endodontic materials International Endodontic Journal 46 2013 808 814
103. M.G. Gandolfi, P. Taddei, E. Modena, F. Siboni, and C. Prati Biointeractivity-related versus chemi/physisorption-related apatite precursor-forming ability of current root end filling materials Journal of Biomedical Materials Research B: Applied Biomaterrials 101 2013 1107 1123
104. J. Camilleri Hydration mechanisms of mineral trioxide aggregate International Endodontic Journal 40 2007 462 470
105. G. Richardson The calcium silicate hydrates Cement and Concrete Research 38 2008 137 158
106. C. Labbez, B. Jönsson, I. Pochard, A. Nonat, and C. Cabane Surface charge density and electrokinetic potential of highly charged minerals: experiments and Monte Carlo simulations on calcium silicate hydrate Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110 2006 9219 9230
107. X. Liu, C. Ding, and P.K. Chu Mechanism of apatite formation on wollastonite coatings in simulated body fluids Biomaterials 25 2004 1755 1761
108. A. Dey, P.H. Bomans, F.A. Müller, J. Will, P.M. Frederik, and G. de With et al. The role of prenucleation clusters in surface-induced calcium phosphate crystallization Nature Materials 9 2010 1010 1014
109. J.R. Dorvee, and A. Veis Water in the formation of biogenic minerals: peeling away the hydration layers Journal of Structural Biology 183 2013 278 303
110. C. Combes, and C. Rey Amorphous calcium phosphates: synthesis, properties and uses in biomaterials Acta Biomaterialia 6 2010 3362 3378
111. E.D. Eanes Amorphous calcium phosphate Monographs in Oral Science 18 2001 130 147
112. H. Pan, X.Y. Liu, R. Tang, and H.Y. Xu Mystery of the transformation from amorphous calcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite Chemical Communications 46 2010 7415 7417
113. N. Eidelman, L.C. Chow, and W.E. Brown Calcium phosphate phase transformations in serum Calcified Tissue International 41 1987 18 26
114. P. Bodier-Houllé, P. Steuer, J.C. Voegel, and F.J. Cuisinier First experimental evidence for human dentine crystal formation involving conversion of octacalcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography 54 1998 1377 1381
115. LeGeros R.Z. Biological synthetic apatites P.W. Brown, B. Constantz, Hydroxyapatite and related material 1994 Boca Raton CRC Press 3 28
116. Y.H. Tseng, C.Y. Mou, and J.C. Chan Solid-state NMR study of the transformation of octacalcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite: a mechanistic model for central dark line formation Journal of the American Chemical Society 128 2006 6909 6918
117. N.S. Chickerur, M.S. Tung, and W.E. Brown A mechanism for incorporation of carbonate into apatite Calcified Tissue International 32 1980 55 62
118. S.V. Dorozhkin Calcium orthophosphates: occurrence, properties, biomineralization, pathological calcification and biomimetic applications Biomatter 1 2011 121 164
119. R.Z. LeGeros Calcium phosphate in oral biology and medicine 1991 Karger Basel, Switzerland
120. B.O. Fowler, M. Marković, and W.E. Brown Octacalcium phosphate, 3. Infrared and Raman vibrational spectra Chemistry of Materials 5 1993 1417 1423
121. M. Marković, B.O. Fowler, and M.S. Tung Preparation and comprehensive characterization of a calcium hydroxyapatite reference material Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 109 2004 553 568
122. W.E. Brown Octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite: crystal structure of octacalcium phosphate Nature 196 1962 1048 1050
123. W.E. Brown, J.P. Smith, J.R. Lehr, and A.W. Frazier Octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite: crystallographic and chemical relations between octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite Nature 196 1962 1050 1055
124. D.R. Taves Similarity of octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite structures Nature 200 1963 1312 1313
125. Y. Xin Rl Leng, and N. Wang In situ TEM examinations of octacalcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite transformation Journal of Crystal Growth 289 2006 339 344
126. M. Matthew, and S. Takagi Structure of biological minerals in dental research Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 106 2001 1035 1044
127. J.C. Elliot Studies in inorganic chemistry 18: structure and chemistry of the apatites and other calcium orthophosphates 1994 Elsevier Amsterdam
128. L.T. Cintra, I.G. de Moraes, B.P. Estrada, J.E. Gomes-Filho, C.M. Bramante, and R.B. Garcia et al. Evaluation of the tissue response to MTA and MBPC: microscopic analysis of implants in alveolar bone of rats Journal of Endodontics 32 2006 556 559
129. L.T. Cintra, P.F. Bernabé, I.G. de Moraes, J.E. Gomes-Filho, T. Okamoto, and A. Consolaro et al. Evaluation of subcutaneous and alveolar implantation surgical sites in the study of the biological properties of root-end filling endodontic materials Journal of Applied Oral Science 18 2010 75 82
130. J.E. Gomes-Filho, M.T. de Moraes Costa, L.T. Cintra, C.S. Lodi, P.C. Duarte, and R. Okamoto et al. Evaluation of alveolar socket response to Angelus MTA and experimental light-cure MTA Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics 110 2010 e93 e97
131. J.E. Gomes-Filho, M.M. de Moraes Costa, L.T. Cintra, P.C. Duarte, A.S. Takamiya, and C.S. Lodi et al. Evaluation of rat alveolar bone response to Angelus MTA or experimental light-cured mineral trioxide aggregate using fluorochromes Journal of Endodontics 37 2011 250 254
132. M. Torabinejad, C.U. Hong, T.R. Pitt Ford, and S.P. Kaiyawasam Tissue reaction to implanted super-EBA and mineral trioxide aggregate in the mandible of guinea pigs: a preliminary report Journal of Endodontics 21 1995 569 571
133. M. Torabinejad, T.R. Ford, H.R. Abedi, S.P. Kariyawasam, and H.M. Tang Tissue reaction to implanted root-end filling materials in the tibia and mandible of guinea pigs Journal of Endodontics 24 1998 468 471
134. T.R. Moretton, C.E. Brown Jr., J.J. Legan, and A.H. Kafrawy Tissue reactions after subcutaneous and intraosseous implantation of mineral trioxide aggregate and ethoxybenzoic acid cement Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 52 2000 528 533
135. J. Saidon, J. He, Q. Zhu, K. Safavi, and L.S. Spångberg Cell and tissue reactions to mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics 95 2003 483 489
136. C.J. Sousa, A.M. Loyola, M.A. Versiani, J.C. Biffi, R.P. Oliveira, and E.A. Pascon A comparative histological evaluation of the biocompatibility of materials used in apical surgery International Endodontic Journal 37 2004 738 748
137. S. Rahimi, H. Mokhtari, S. Shahi, A. Kazemi, S. Asgary, and M.J. Eghbal et al. Osseous reaction to implantation of two endodontic cements: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium enriched mixture (CEM) Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal 17 2012 e907 e911
138. M. Torabinejad, and K. Bahjri Essential elements of evidenced-based endodontics: steps involved in conducting clinical research Journal of Endodontics 31 2005 563 569
139. H.J.H. Brouwers, and R.J. van Eijk Alkali concentrations of pore solution in hydrating OPC Cement and Concrete Research 33 2003 191 196
140. W. Chen, and H.J.H. Brouwers Alkali binding in hydrated Portland cement paste Cement and Concrete Research 40 2010 716 722
141. 27Al NMR and EELS Journal of the American Ceramic Society 76 1995 2285 2288
142. 29Si MAS NMR investigation Inorganic Chemistry 42 2003 2280 2287
143. X. Pardal, I. Pochard, and A. Nonat Experimental study of Si-Al substitution in calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) prepared under equilibrium conditions Cement and Concrete Research 39 2009 637 653
144. J. Camilleri, F.E. Montesin, K. Brady, R. Sweeney, R.V. Curtis, and T.R. Ford The constitution of mineral trioxide aggregate Dental Materials 21 2005 297 303
145. H. Zreiqat, C.R. Howlett, A. Zannettino, P. Evans, G. Schulze-Tanzil, and C. Knabe et al. Mechanisms of magnesium-stimulated adhesion of osteoblastic cells to commonly used orthopaedic implants Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 62 2002 175 184
146. 3 apatite accelerating osteoblast adhesion Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 62 2002 99 105
147. Q. Yang, J. Jian, S.B. Abramson, and X. Huang Inhibitory effects of iron on bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced osteoblastogenesis Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 26 2011 1188 1196
148. T.Y. Chiang, C.K. Wei, and S.J. Ding Effects of bismuth oxide on physicochemical properties and osteogenic activity of dicalcium silicate cements Journal of Medical Biology Engineering 2013 10.5305/jmbe.1386
149. E.T. Koh, F. McDonald, T.R. Pitt Ford, and M. Torabinejad Cellular response to mineral trioxide aggregate Journal of Endodontics 24 1998 543 547
150. E.T. Koh, M. Torabinejad, T.R. Pitt Ford, K. Brady, and F. McDonald Mineral trioxide aggregate stimulates a biological response in human osteoblasts Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 37 1997 432 439
151. P.J. Mitchell, T.R. Pitt Ford, M. Torabinejad, and F. McDonald Osteoblast biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate Biomaterials 20 1999 167 173
152. Q. Zhu, R. Haglund, K.E. Safavi, and L.S. Spångberg Adhesion of human osteoblasts on root-end filling materials Journal of Endodontics 26 2000 404 406
153. A. Nakayama, B. Ogiso, N. Tanabe, O. Takeichi, K. Matsuzaka, and T. Inoue Behaviour of bone marrow osteoblast-like cells on mineral trioxide aggregate: morphology and expression of type I collagen and bone-related protein mRNAs International Endodontic Journal 38 2005 203 210
154. E. Al-Rabeab, H. Perinpanayagam, and D. MacFarland Human alveolar bone cells interact with ProRoot and tooth-colored MTA Journal of Endodontics 32 2006 872 875
155. S. Bonson, B.G. Jeansonne, and T.E. Lallier Root-end filling materials alter fibroblast differentiation Journal of Dental Research 83 2004 408 413
156. H.A. Balto Attachment and morphological behavior of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts to mineral trioxide aggregate: a scanning electron microscope study Journal of Endodontics 30 2004 25 29
157. A. Samara, Y. Sarri, D. Stravopodis, G.N. Tzanetakis, E.G. Kontakiotis, and E. Anastasiadou A comparative study of the effects of three root-end filling materials on proliferation and adherence of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts Journal of Endodontics 37 2011 865 870
158. S.S. Hakki, S.B. Bozkurt, B. Ozcopur, N. Purali, and S. Belli Periodontal ligament fibroblast response to root perforations restored with different materials: a laboratory study International Endodontic Journal 45 2012 240 248
159. I. Willershausen, T. Wolf, A. Kasaj, V. Weyer, B. Willershausen, and B.B. Marroquin Influence of a bioceramic root end material and mineral trioxide aggregates on fibroblasts and osteoblasts Archives of Oral Biology 58 2013 1232 1237
160. S. Katsamakis, D.E. Slot, L.W.M. Van der Sluis, and F. Van der Weijden Histological responses of the periodontium to MTA: a systematic review Journal of Clinical Periotondology 40 2013 334 344 Research