메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 89-101

Reproduction, social behavior, and aging trajectories in honeybee workers

Author keywords

Behavioral profiles; Biodemography; Division of Labor; Mortality dynamics; Reproduction; Social evolution

Indexed keywords

AGING; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; APIS MELLIFERA; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; EGG LAYING; FEMALE; FORAGING; HUMIDITY; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LIFESPAN; LONGEVITY; MORPHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; ORGANISM COLONY; PLASTICITY; QUEEN (INSECT); REPRODUCTION; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL EVOLUTION; SURVIVAL RATE; WORKER (INSECT);

EID: 84899089507     PISSN: 01619152     EISSN: 15744647     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9546-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 68749104296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-and caste-dependent decrease in expression of genes maintaining DNA and RNA quality and mitochondrial integrity in the honeybee wing muscle
    • doi:10.1016/j.exger.2009.06.004
    • Aamodt RM (2009) Age-and caste-dependent decrease in expression of genes maintaining DNA and RNA quality and mitochondrial integrity in the honeybee wing muscle. Exp Gerontol 44(9):586-593. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2009.06.004
    • (2009) Exp Gerontol , vol.44 , Issue.9 , pp. 586-593
    • Aamodt, R.M.1
  • 2
    • 23644450922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergenerational transfers may have decoupled physiological and chronological age in a eusocial insect
    • Amdam GV, Page RE (2005) Intergenerational transfers may have decoupled physiological and chronological age in a eusocial insect. Aging Res Rev 4(3):398-408
    • (2005) Aging Res Rev , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 398-408
    • Amdam, G.V.1    Page, R.E.2
  • 3
    • 66049154796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nurse's load: Early-life exposure to broodrearing affects behavior and life span in honeybees (Apis mellifera)
    • Amdam GV, Rueppell O, Fondrk MK, Page RE, Nelson CM (2009) The nurse's load: early-life exposure to broodrearing affects behavior and life span in honeybees (Apis mellifera). Exp Gerontol 44(6-7):467-471
    • (2009) Exp Gerontol , vol.44 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 467-471
    • Amdam, G.V.1    Rueppell, O.2    Fondrk, M.K.3    Page, R.E.4    Nelson, C.M.5
  • 4
    • 84864348919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting ovary activation in honeybeeworkers: A meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1007/s00040-012-0230-1
    • Backx AG, Guzman-Novoa E, Thompson GJ (2012) Factors affecting ovary activation in honeybeeworkers: a meta-analysis. Insect Soc 59(3):381-388. doi:10.1007/s00040-012-0230-1
    • (2012) Insect Soc , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 381-388
    • Backx, A.G.1    Guzman-Novoa, E.2    Thompson, G.J.3
  • 5
    • 29744453536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific and lifetime behavior patterns in Drosophila melanogaster and the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata
    • DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2005.09.014, PII S0531556505002330
    • Carey JR, Papadopoulos N, Kouloussis N, Katsoyannos B, Muller HG, Wang JL, Tseng YK (2006) Age-specific and lifetime behavior patterns in Drosophila melanogaster and the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. Exp Gerontol 41(1):93-97. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2005.09.014 (Pubitemid 43031373)
    • (2006) Experimental Gerontology , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-97
    • Carey, J.R.1    Papadopoulos, N.2    Kouloussis, N.3    Katsoyannos, B.4    Muller, H.-G.5    Wang, J.-L.6    Tseng, Y.-K.7
  • 6
    • 25144496903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression patterns associated with queen honey bee longevity
    • DOI 10.1016/j.mad.2005.07.004, PII S0047637405001740
    • Corona M, Hughes KA, Weaver DB, Robinson GE (2005) Gene expression patterns associated with queen honeybee longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 126(11):1230-1238 (Pubitemid 41356525)
    • (2005) Mechanisms of Ageing and Development , vol.126 , Issue.11 , pp. 1230-1238
    • Corona, M.1    Hughes, K.A.2    Weaver, D.B.3    Robinson, G.E.4
  • 8
    • 78650209222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longevity and aging in insects: Is reproduction costly; cheap; beneficial or irrelevant? A critical evaluation of the "trade-off" concept
    • De Loof A (2011) Longevity and aging in insects: is reproduction costly; cheap; beneficial or irrelevant? A critical evaluation of the "trade-off" concept. J Ins Physiol 57(1):1-11
    • (2011) J Ins Physiol , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-11
    • De Loof, A.1
  • 9
    • 63549135460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of age-related gene expression profiles identifies common signatures of aging
    • doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp073
    • de Magalhaes JP, Curado J, Church GM (2009) Meta-analysis of age-related gene expression profiles identifies common signatures of aging. Bioinformatics 25(7):875-881. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp073
    • (2009) Bioinformatics , vol.25 , Issue.7 , pp. 875-881
    • De Magalhaes, J.P.1    Curado, J.2    Church, G.M.3
  • 10
    • 0009954493 scopus 로고
    • Effect of queenlessness on worker survival, honey gain and defense behavior in honeybees
    • Delaplane KS, Harbo JR (1987) Effect of queenlessness on worker survival, honey gain and defense behavior in honeybees. J Apic Res 26(1):37-42
    • (1987) J Apic Res , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-42
    • Delaplane, K.S.1    Harbo, J.R.2
  • 11
    • 51349090134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality rates of honeybees in the wild
    • doi:10.1007/s00040-008-0995-4
    • Dukas R (2008) Mortality rates of honeybees in the wild. Insect Soc 55(3):252-255. doi:10.1007/s00040-008-0995-4
    • (2008) Insect Soc , vol.55 , Issue.3 , pp. 252-255
    • Dukas, R.1
  • 12
    • 50649105049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the sleep architecture of forager and young honeybees (Apis mellifera)
    • doi:10.1242/jeb.016915
    • Eban-Rothschild AD, Bloch G (2008) Differences in the sleep architecture of forager and young honeybees (Apis mellifera). J Exp Biol 211(Pt 15):2408-2416. doi:10.1242/jeb.016915
    • (2008) J Exp Biol , vol.211 , Issue.PART 15 , pp. 2408-2416
    • Eban-Rothschild, A.D.1    Bloch, G.2
  • 13
    • 0030713963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of aging
    • DOI 10.1126/science.278.5337.407
    • Finch CE, Tanzi RE (1997) Genetics of aging. Science 278(5337):407-411. doi:10.1126/science.278.5337.407 (Pubitemid 27454416)
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , Issue.5337 , pp. 407-411
    • Finch, C.E.1    Tanzi, R.E.2
  • 14
    • 84879016383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honeybees and cell lines as models of DNA methylation and aging in response to diet
    • doi:10.1016/j.exger.2012.07.010
    • Ford D (2012) Honeybees and cell lines as models of DNA methylation and aging in response to diet. Exp Gerontol. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2012.07.010
    • (2012) Exp Gerontol
    • Ford, D.1
  • 15
    • 0001221052 scopus 로고
    • The drifting of honeybees
    • Free JB (1958) The drifting of honeybees. J Agric Sci 51:294-306
    • (1958) J Agric Sci , vol.51 , pp. 294-306
    • Free, J.B.1
  • 16
    • 79953876813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Support for the reproductive ground plan hypothesis of social evolution and major QTL for ovary traits of Africanized worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)
    • Graham AM, Munday MD, Kaftanoglu O, Page RE Jr, Amdam GV, Rueppell O (2011) Support for the reproductive ground plan hypothesis of social evolution and major QTL for ovary traits of Africanized worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). BMC Evol Biol 11:95
    • (2011) BMC Evol Biol , vol.11 , pp. 95
    • Graham, A.M.1    Munday, M.D.2    Kaftanoglu, O.3    Page Jr., R.E.4    Amdam, G.V.5    Rueppell, O.6
  • 17
    • 36249013591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide analysis reveals differences in brain gene expression patterns associated with caste and reproductive status in honey bees (Apis mellifera)
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03545.x
    • Grozinger CM, Fan YL, Hoover SER, Winston ML (2007) Genome-wide analysis reveals differences in brain gene expression patterns associated with caste and reproductive status in honeybees (Apis mellifera). Mol Ecol 16(22):4837-4848 (Pubitemid 350135217)
    • (2007) Molecular Ecology , vol.16 , Issue.22 , pp. 4837-4848
    • Grozinger, C.M.1    Fan, Y.2    Hoover, S.E.R.3    Winston, M.L.4
  • 18
    • 34248595963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended longevity of queen honey bees compared to workers is associated with peroxidation-resistant membranes
    • DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2007.02.008, PII S0531556507000538
    • Haddad LS, Kelbert L, Hulbert AJ (2007) Extended longevity of queen honeybees compared to workers is associated with peroxidation-resistant membranes. Exp Gerontol 42(7):601-609 (Pubitemid 46756103)
    • (2007) Experimental Gerontology , vol.42 , Issue.7 , pp. 601-609
    • Haddad, L.S.1    Kelbert, L.2    Hulbert, A.J.3
  • 19
    • 0242494293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lay eggs, live longer: Division of labor and life span in a clonal ant species
    • Hartmann A, Heinze J (2003) Lay eggs, live longer: division of labor and life span in a clonal ant species. Evolution 57(10):2424-2429 (Pubitemid 37399186)
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , Issue.10 , pp. 2424-2429
    • Hartmann, A.1    Heinze, J.2
  • 21
    • 0242361094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of queen pheromones on worker honey bee ovary development
    • DOI 10.1007/s00114-003-0462-z
    • Hoover SER, Keeling CI, Winston ML, Slessor KN (2003) The effect of queen pheromones on worker honeybee ovary development. Naturwissenschaften 90(10):477-480 (Pubitemid 37363559)
    • (2003) Naturwissenschaften , vol.90 , Issue.10 , pp. 477-480
    • Hoover, S.E.R.1    Keeling, C.I.2    Winston, M.L.3    Slessor, K.N.4
  • 22
    • 0030688040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraordinary lifespans in ants: A test of evolutionary theories of ageing
    • DOI 10.1038/40130
    • Keller L, Genoud M (1997) Extraordinary life spans in ants: a test of evolutionary theories of ageing. Nature 389:958-960 (Pubitemid 27485684)
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , Issue.6654 , pp. 958-960
    • Keller, L.1    Genoud, M.2
  • 23
    • 13944269223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The plasticity of aging: Insights from long-lived mutants
    • doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.002
    • Kenyon C (2005) The plasticity of aging: insights from long-lived mutants. Cell 120(4):449-460. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.002
    • (2005) Cell , vol.120 , Issue.4 , pp. 449-460
    • Kenyon, C.1
  • 24
    • 41349085806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional control of reproductive status in honeybees via DNA methylation
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1153069
    • Kucharski R, Maleszka J, Foret S, Maleszka R (2008) Nutritional control of reproductive status in honeybees via DNA methylation. Science 319(5871):1827-1830 (Pubitemid 351451590)
    • (2008) Science , vol.319 , Issue.5871 , pp. 1827-1830
    • Kucharski, R.1    Maleszka, J.2    Foret, S.3    Maleszka, R.4
  • 25
    • 84872317752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversion in honeybee, Apis mellifera, workers with different life expectancies
    • Kuszewska K, Woyciechowski M (2013) Reversion in honeybee, Apis mellifera, workers with different life expectancies. Anim Behav 85(1):247-253
    • (2013) Anim Behav , vol.85 , Issue.1 , pp. 247-253
    • Kuszewska, K.1    Woyciechowski, M.2
  • 27
    • 37349076791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of reproductive dominance by the thelytoky gene in honeybees
    • Lattorff HMG, Moritz RFA, Crewe RM, Solignac M (2007) Control of reproductive dominance by the thelytoky gene in honeybees. Biol Lett 3(3):292-295
    • (2007) Biol Lett , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 292-295
    • Lattorff, H.M.G.1    Moritz, R.F.A.2    Crewe, R.M.3    Solignac, M.4
  • 28
    • 40349111444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primer pheromones in social hymenoptera
    • DOI 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091434
    • Le Conte Y, Hefetz A (2008) Primer pheromones in social hymenoptera. Annu Rev Entomol 53:523-542 (Pubitemid 351341953)
    • (2008) Annual Review of Entomology , vol.53 , pp. 523-542
    • Le, C.Y.1    Hefetz, A.2
  • 29
    • 0036132290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of quantitative genetic variation for Drosophila longevity
    • Mackay TF (2002) The nature of quantitative genetic variation for Drosophila longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 123(2-3):95-104
    • (2002) Mech Ageing Dev , vol.123 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 95-104
    • Mackay, T.F.1
  • 30
    • 33748649457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ovariole number - A predictor of differential reproductive success among worker subfamilies in queenless honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies
    • DOI 10.1007/s00265-006-0225-x
    • Makert GR, Paxton RJ, Hartfelder K (2006) Ovariole number - a predictor of differential reproductive success among worker subfamilies in queenless honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 60(6):815-825 (Pubitemid 44387473)
    • (2006) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 815-825
    • Makert, G.R.1    Paxton, R.J.2    Hartfelder, K.3
  • 31
    • 0002883183 scopus 로고
    • Dependence of the life span of the honeybee (Apis mellifica) upon flight performance and energy consumption
    • Neukirch A (1982) Dependence of the life span of the honeybee (Apis mellifica) upon flight performance and energy consumption. J Comp Physiol 146:35-40
    • (1982) J Comp Physiol , vol.146 , pp. 35-40
    • Neukirch, A.1
  • 32
  • 33
    • 0024185519 scopus 로고
    • Reproduction by worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L)
    • Page RE, Erickson EH (1988) Reproduction by worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 23(2):117-126
    • (1988) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-126
    • Page, R.E.1    Erickson, E.H.2
  • 34
    • 0021562507 scopus 로고
    • A population investment sex ratio for the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)
    • Page RE, Metcalf RA (1984) A population investment sex ratio for the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Am Nat 124:680-702
    • (1984) Am Nat , vol.124 , pp. 680-702
    • Page, R.E.1    Metcalf, R.A.2
  • 35
    • 0035056291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and development in social insects with emphasis on the honeybee, Apis mellifera L
    • Page RE, Peng Y-SC (2001) Aging and development in social insects with emphasis on the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. Exp Gerontol 36(4-6):695-711
    • (2001) Exp Gerontol , vol.36 , Issue.4-6 , pp. 695-711
    • Page, R.E.1    Peng, Y.-S.C.2
  • 36
    • 0028164477 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive competition in queenless honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera L)
    • Page RE, Robinson GE (1994) Reproductive competition in queenless honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera L). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 35(2):99-107
    • (1994) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-107
    • Page, R.E.1    Robinson, G.E.2
  • 37
    • 50949126006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and mechanisms of long life and high fertility in queen honeybees
    • Remolina SC, Hughes KA (2008) Evolution and mechanisms of long life and high fertility in queen honeybees. AGE 30(2-3):177-185
    • (2008) AGE , vol.30 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 177-185
    • Remolina, S.C.1    Hughes, K.A.2
  • 38
    • 0025594926 scopus 로고
    • Intracolonial behavioral variation in worker oviposition, oophagy, and larval care in queenless honeybee colonies
    • Robinson GE, Page RE, Fondrk MK (1990) Intracolonial behavioral variation in worker oviposition, oophagy, and larval care in queenless honeybee colonies. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 26:315-323
    • (1990) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.26 , pp. 315-323
    • Robinson, G.E.1    Page, R.E.2    Fondrk, M.K.3
  • 40
    • 34548767562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of life history determines lifespan of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)
    • DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2007.06.002, PII S0531556507001313
    • Rueppell O, Bachelier C, Fondrk MK, Page RE Jr (2007) Regulation of life history determines life span of worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Exp Gerontol 42:1020-1032 (Pubitemid 47422354)
    • (2007) Experimental Gerontology , vol.42 , Issue.10 , pp. 1020-1032
    • Rueppell, O.1    Bachelier, C.2    Fondrk, M.K.3    Page Jr., R.E.4
  • 41
    • 48349141819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and demographic plasticity in response to experimental age structures in honeybees (Apis mellifera L)
    • Rueppell O, Linford R, Gardner P, Coleman J, Fine K (2008) Aging and demographic plasticity in response to experimental age structures in honeybees (Apis mellifera L). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 62:1621-1631
    • (2008) Behav Ecol Sociobiol , vol.62 , pp. 1621-1631
    • Rueppell, O.1    Linford, R.2    Gardner, P.3    Coleman, J.4    Fine, K.5
  • 42
    • 66049139071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers live longer in small than in large colonies
    • Rueppell O, Kaftanouglu O, Page RE (2009) Honeybee (Apis mellifera) workers live longer in small than in large colonies. Exp Gerontol 44(6-7):447-452
    • (2009) Exp Gerontol , vol.44 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 447-452
    • Rueppell, O.1    Kaftanouglu, O.2    Page, R.E.3
  • 43
    • 80055025103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-species correlation between queen mating numbers and worker ovary sizes suggests kin conflict
    • may influence ovary size evolution in honeybees. doi:10.1007/s00114-011- 0822-z
    • Rueppell O, Phaincharoen M, Kuster R, Tingek S (2011) Cross-species correlation between queen mating numbers and worker ovary sizes suggests kin conflict may influence ovary size evolution in honeybees. Naturwissenschaften 98(9):795-799. doi:10.1007/s00114-011-0822-z
    • (2011) Naturwissenschaften , vol.98 , Issue.9 , pp. 795-799
    • Rueppell, O.1    Phaincharoen, M.2    Kuster, R.3    Tingek, S.4
  • 44
    • 70449706046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brood pheromone suppresses physiology of extreme longevity in honeybees (Apis mellifera)
    • doi:10.1242/jeb.035063
    • Smedal B, Brynem M, Kreibich CD, Amdam GV (2009) Brood pheromone suppresses physiology of extreme longevity in honeybees (Apis mellifera). J Exp Biol 212(23):3795-3801. doi:10.1242/jeb.035063
    • (2009) J Exp Biol , vol.212 , Issue.23 , pp. 3795-3801
    • Smedal, B.1    Brynem, M.2    Kreibich, C.D.3    Amdam, G.V.4
  • 45
    • 79953713654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and behavior of honeybee workers, Apis mellifera, that interact with drones
    • doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01895.x
    • Stout TL, Slone JD, Schneider SS (2011) Age and behavior of honeybee workers, Apis mellifera, that interact with drones. Ethology 117(5):459-468. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01895.x
    • (2011) Ethology , vol.117 , Issue.5 , pp. 459-468
    • Stout, T.L.1    Slone, J.D.2    Schneider, S.S.3
  • 46
    • 0032989832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophallaxis in the honeybee, Apis mellifera: The interaction between viscosity and sucrose concentration of the transferred solution
    • DOI 10.1006/anbe.1999.1110
    • Tezze AA, Farina WM (1999) Trophallaxis in the honeybee, Apis mellifera: the interaction between viscosity and sucrose concentration of the transferred solution. Anim Behav 57:1319-1326. doi:10.1006/anbe.1999.1110 (Pubitemid 29285368)
    • (1999) Animal Behaviour , vol.57 , Issue.6 , pp. 1319-1326
    • Tezze, A.A.1    Farina, W.M.2
  • 47
    • 28444445926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "R" Development Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
    • The "R" Development Core Team (2005) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
    • (2005) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 48
    • 60549083375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic, individual, and group facilitation of disease resistance in insect societies
    • Wilson-Rich N, Spivak M, Fefferman NH, Starks PT (2009) Genetic, individual, and group facilitation of disease resistance in insect societies. Annu Rev Entomol 54:405-423
    • (2009) Annu Rev Entomol , vol.54 , pp. 405-423
    • Wilson-Rich, N.1    Spivak, M.2    Fefferman, N.H.3    Starks, P.T.4
  • 50
    • 2642683514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Division of labor by division of risk according to worker life expectancy in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)
    • Woyciechowski M, Kozlowski J (1998) Division of labor by division of risk according to worker life expectancy in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Apidologie 29:191-205 (Pubitemid 28163094)
    • (1998) Apidologie , vol.29 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 191-205
    • Woyciechowski, M.1    Kozlowski, J.2
  • 51
    • 70349490968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life expectancy and onset of foraging in the honeybee (Apis mellifera)
    • Woyciechowski M, Moron D (2009) Life expectancy and onset of foraging in the honeybee (Apis mellifera) . Insect Soc 56(2):193-201
    • (2009) Insect Soc , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-201
    • Woyciechowski, M.1    Moron, D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.