Antidepressant-induced liver injury: A review for clinicians

American Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 171, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 404-415

  Voican, Cosmin Sebastian ^a   Corruble, Emmanuelle ^b   Naveau, Sylvie ^b   Perlemuter, Gabriel ^c  

^a HÔPITAL ANTOINE BÉCLÈRE   (France)

^b BICÊTRE HOSPITAL   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGOMELATINE; AMFEBUTAMONE; AMINOTRANSFERASE; AMITRIPTYLINE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; CITALOPRAM; CLOMIPRAMINE; CYTOCHROME P450; DESIPRAMINE; DIAZEPAM; DULOXETINE; ESCITALOPRAM; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; IMIPRAMINE; IPRONIAZID; MAPROTILINE; MIANSERIN; MIRTAZAPINE; MOCLOBEMIDE; NEFAZODONE; PAROXETINE; PHENELZINE; SERTRALINE; THIORIDAZINE; TIANEPTINE; TRAZODONE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VENLAFAXINE;

AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; BILIARY TRACT FIBROSIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; HUMAN; LIPOPHILICITY; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER INJURY; LIVER TOXICITY; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; POLYPHARMACY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TOXIC HEPATITIS;

ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY; HUMANS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84898746907     PISSN: 0002953X     EISSN: 15357228     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13050709     Document Type: Review

References (164)

1. Schuster D, Laggner C, Langer T: Why drugs fail: A study on side effects in new chemical entities. Curr Pharm Des 2005; 11:3545-3559 (Pubitemid 41300759)
2. Temple RJ, Himmel MH: Safety of newly approved drugs: implications for prescribing. JAMA 2002; 287:2273-2275 (Pubitemid 34441944)
3. US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research: Guidance for Industry: Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Premarketing Clinical Evaluation. July 2009. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/../Guidances/ UCM174090.pdf
4. European Medicines Agency, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use: Reflection paper on non-clinical evaluation of drug-induced liver injury. June 24, 2010. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en-GB/document-library/Scientific- guideline/2010/07/WC500094591.pdf
5. Selim K, Kaplowitz N: Hepatotoxicity of psychotropic drugs. Hepatology 1999; 29:1347-1351 (Pubitemid 29211032)
6. DeSanty KP, Amabile CM: Antidepressant-induced liver injury. Ann Pharmacother 2007; 41:1201-1211 (Pubitemid 47122557)
7. Sgro C, Clinard F, Ouazir K, Chanay H, Allard C, Guilleminet C, Lenoir C, Lemoine A, Hillon P: Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: A French population-based study. Hepatology 2002; 36:451-455 (Pubitemid 34810366)
8. Lasser KE, Allen PD, Woolhandler SJ, Himmelstein DU, Wolfe SM, Bor DH: Timing of new black box warnings and withdrawals for prescription medications. JAMA 2002; 287:2215-2220 (Pubitemid 34441937)
9. Aithal GP, Watkins PB, Andrade RJ, Larrey D, Molokhia M, Takikawa H, Hunt CM, Wilke RA, Avigan M, Kaplowitz N, Bjornsson E, Daly AK: Case definition and phenotype standardization in drug-induced liver injury. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 89:806-815
10. Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Caldwell SH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: summary of an AASLD Single Topic Conference. Hepatology 2003; 37:1202-1219 (Pubitemid 36538699)
11. Verma S, Kaplowitz N: Diagnosis, management, and prevention of drug-induced liver injury. Gut 2009; 58:1555-1564
12. Lammert C, Einarsson S, Saha C, Niklasson A, Bjornsson E, Chalasani N: Relationship between daily dose of oral medications and idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: search for signals. Hepatology 2008; 47:2003-2009 (Pubitemid 351945567)
13. Kaplowitz N: Idiosyncratic drug hepatotoxicity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005; 4:489-499 (Pubitemid 40861991)
14. Carvajal García-Pando A, García del Pozo J, Sánchez AS, Velasco MA, Rueda de Castro AM, Lucena MI: Hepatotoxicity associated with the new antidepressants. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63: 135-137 (Pubitemid 34173850)
15. Cooper GL: The safety of fluoxetine: An update. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1988; 3(Sep):77-86
16. Boyer WF, Blumhardt CL: The safety profile of paroxetine. J Clin Psychiatry 1992; 53(suppl):61-66
17. Rudolph RL, Derivan AT: The safety and tolerability of venlafaxine hydrochloride: Analysis of the clinical trials database. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996; 16:54S-59S
18. Xue F, Strombom I, Turnbull B, Zhu S, Seeger JD: Duloxetine for depression and the incidence of hepatic events in adults. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2011; 31:517-522
19. Holmberg MB, Jansson B: A study of blood count and serum transaminase in prolonged treatment with amitriptyline. J New Drugs 1962; 2:361-365
20. Zimmerman HJ, Ishak KG: The hepatic injury of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987; 7:211-213 (Pubitemid 17133806)
21. Wille SM, Cooreman SG, Neels HM, Lambert WE: Relevant issues in the monitoring and the toxicology of antidepressants. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2008; 45:25-89 (Pubitemid 351299653)
22. Timmings P, Lamont D: Intrahepatic cholestasis associated with moclobemide leading to death. Lancet 1996; 347:762-763 (Pubitemid 26085662)
23. Iribarne C, Dréano Y, Bardou LG, Ménez JF, Berthou F: Interaction of methadone with substrates of human hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4. Toxicology 1997; 117:13-23 (Pubitemid 27063996)
24. Andersson T, Miners JO, Veronese ME, Birkett DJ: Diazepam metabolism by human liver microsomes is mediated by both S-mephenytoin hydroxylase and CYP3A isoforms. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 38:131-137 (Pubitemid 24247754)
25. Cunningham ML: Acute hepatic necrosis following treatment with amitriptyline and diazepam. Br J Psychiatry 1965; 111: 1107-1109
26. Horsmans Y, De Clercq M, Sempoux C: Venlafaxine-associated hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130:944
27. Detry O, Delwaide J, De Roover A, Hans MF, Delbouille MH, Monard J, Honoré P: Fulminant hepatic failure induced by venlafaxine and trazodone therapy: A case report. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:3435-3436
28. Yasui N, Otani K, Kaneko S, Ohkubo T, Osanai T, Ishida M, Mihara K, Kondo T, Sugawara K, Fukushima Y: Inhibition of trazodone metabolism by thioridazine in humans. Ther Drug Monit 1995; 17:333-335
29. Park YM, Lee BH, Lee HJ, Kang SG: Cholestatic jaundice induced by duloxetine in a patient with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2010; 7:228-230
30. Hanje AJ, Pell LJ, Votolato NA, Frankel WL, Kirkpatrick RB: Case report: fulminant hepatic failure involving duloxetine hydrochloride. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 4:912-917 (Pubitemid 43994541)
31. Vuppalanchi R, Hayashi PH, Chalasani N, Fontana RJ, Bonkovsky H, Saxena R, Kleiner D, Hoofnagle JH; Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN): Duloxetine hepatotoxicity: A case-series from the drug-induced liver injury network. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32:1174-1183
32. Yuan W, Williams B: Acute hepatic failure involving duloxetine hydrochloride. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 24:E48-E49
33. Cacabelos R: Donepezil in Alzheimer's disease: from conventional trials to pharmacogenetics. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2007; 3:303-333 (Pubitemid 47215008)
34. Verrico MM, Nace DA, Towers AL: Fulminant chemical hepatitis possibly associated with donepezil and sertraline therapy. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48:1659-1663
35. Fartoux-Heymann L, Hézode C, Zafrani ES, Dhumeaux D, Mallat A: Acute fatal hepatitis related to sertraline. J Hepatol 2001; 35:683-684 (Pubitemid 33078283)
36. Azaz-Livshits T, Hershko A, Ben-Chetrit E: Paroxetine associated hepatotoxicity: A report of 3 cases and a review of the literature. Pharmacopsychiatry 2002; 35:112-115 (Pubitemid 34651918)
37. Seree EJ, Pisano PJ, Placidi M, Rahmani R, Barra YA: Identification of the human and animal hepatic cytochromes P450 involved in clonazepam metabolism. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1993; 7:69-75 (Pubitemid 23107452)
38. Conway CR, McGuire JM, Baram VY: Nefazodone-induced liver failure. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004; 24:353-354
39. Hull M, Jones R, Bendall M: Fatal hepatic necrosis associated with trazodone and neuroleptic drugs. BMJ 1994; 309:378 (Pubitemid 24252712)
40. Larrey D, Rueff B, Pessayre D, Danan G, Algard M, Geneve J, Benhamou JP: Cross hepatotoxicity between tricyclic antidepressants. Gut 1986; 27:726-727 (Pubitemid 16085562)
41. Remy AJ, Larrey D, Pageaux GP, Ribstein J, Ramos J, Michel H: Cross hepatotoxicity between tricyclic antidepressants and phenothiazines. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995; 7:373-376
42. Solomons K, Gooch S, Wong A: Toxicity with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:1225 (Pubitemid 40770713)
43. Otani K, Kaneko S, Tasaki H, Fukushima Y: Hepatic injury caused by mianserin. BMJ 1989; 299:519
44. Li Wai Suen CF, Boyapati R, Simpson I, Dev A: Acute liver injury secondary to sertraline. BMJ Case Rep, Sep 26, 2013; doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013- 201022
45. Danan G, Homberg JC, Bernuau J, Roche-Sicot J, Pessayre D: [Iproniazid-induced hepatitis: the diagnostic value of a new antimitochondrial antibody anti-M6.] Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1983; 7:529-532 (French) (Pubitemid 13092267)
46. Rosenblum LE, Korn RJ, Zimmerman HJ: Hepatocellular jaundice as a complication of iproniazid therapy. Arch Intern Med 1960; 105:583-593
47. Lefebure B, Castot A, Danan G, Elmalem J, Jean-Pastor MJ, Efthymiou ML: [Hepatitis from antidepressants: evaluation of cases from the French Association of Drug Surveillance Centers and the Technical Committee.] Therapie 1984; 39:509-516 (French)
48. Maille F, Duvoux C, Cherqui D, Radier C, Zafrani ES, Dhumeaux D: [Auxiliary hepatic transplantation in iproniazid-induced subfulminant hepatitis: should iproniazid still be sold in France?] Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1999; 23:1083-1085 (French)
49. Nelson SD, Mitchell JR, Timbrell JA, Snodgrass WR, Corcoran GB 3rd: Isoniazid and iproniazid: Activation of metabolites to toxic intermediates in man and rat. Science 1976; 193:901-903
50. Gómez-Gil E, Salmerón JM, Mas A: Phenelzine-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124:692-693
51. Bonkovsky HL, Blanchette PL, Schned AR: Severe liver injury due to phenelzine with unique hepatic deposition of extracellular material. Am J Med 1986; 80:689-692
52. García-Díaz JD, Gila A, Fraguas C, Castillo I: [Cholestatic hepatitis associated with the use of moclobemide.] Med Clin (Barc) 1998; 111:77 (Spanish) (Pubitemid 28359637)
53. Klerman GL, Cole JO: Clinical pharmacology of imipramine and related antidepressant compounds. Pharmacol Rev 1965; 17:101-141
54. Van Amerongen AP, Ferrey G, Tournoux A: A randomised, double-blind comparison of milnacipran and imipramine in the treatment of depression. J Affect Disord 2002; 72:21-31 (Pubitemid 35232161)
55. Koran LM, Gelenberg AJ, Kornstein SG, Howland RH, Friedman RA, DeBattista C, Klein D, Kocsis JH, Schatzberg AF, Thase ME, Rush AJ, Hirschfeld RM, LaVange LM, Keller MB: Sertraline versus imipramine to prevent relapse in chronic depression. J Affect Disord 2001; 65:27-36 (Pubitemid 32411569)
56. Horst DA, Grace ND, LeCompte PM: Prolonged cholestasis and progressive hepatic fibrosis following imipramine therapy. Gastroenterology 1980; 79:550-554 (Pubitemid 10056404)
57. Powell WJ Jr, Koch-Weser J, Williams RA: Lethal hepatic necrosis after therapy with imipramine and desipramine. JAMA 1968; 206:642-645
58. Shaefer MS, Edmunds AL, Markin RS, Wood RP, Pillen TJ, Shaw BW Jr: Hepatic failure associated with imipramine therapy. Pharmacotherapy 1990; 10:66-69 (Pubitemid 20102348)
59. Morrow PL, Hardin NJ, Bonadies J: Hypersensitivitymyocarditis and hepatitis associated with imipramine and its metabolite, desipramine. J Forensic Sci 1989; 34:1016-1020 (Pubitemid 19186973)
60. Ilan Y, Samuel D, Reynes M, Tur-Kaspa R: Hepatic failure associated with imipramine therapy. Pharmacopsychiatry 1996; 29:79-80 (Pubitemid 26116566)
61. LarreyD, Amouyal G, Pessayre D, Degott C, DanneO,Machayekhi JP, Feldmann G, Benhamou JP: Amitriptyline-induced prolonged cholestasis. Gastroenterology 1988; 94:200-203 (Pubitemid 18029780)
62. Randeva HS, Bangar V, Sailesh S, Hillhouse EW: Fatal cholestatic jaundice associated with amitriptyline. Int J Clin Pract 2000; 54:405-406 (Pubitemid 30604055)
63. Danan G, Bernuau J, Moullot X,Degott C, Pessayre D: Amitriptylineinduced fulminant hepatitis. Digestion 1984; 30:179-184
64. Morgan DH: Jaundice associated with amitriptyline. Br J Psychiatry 1969; 115:105-106
65. Yon J, Anuras S: Hepatitis caused by amitriptyline therapy. JAMA 1975; 232:833-834
66. Aleem A, Lingam V: Hepatotoxicity following treatment with maprotiline. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987; 7:54-55
67. Moldawsky RJ: Hepatotoxicity associated with maprotiline therapy: case report. J Clin Psychiatry 1984; 45:178-179 (Pubitemid 14147529)
68. Prudent A, Marchetti B, Pignol D, Lacroix G, Bouckson G, Legré M: [Acute benign hepatitis probably due to maprotiline.] Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1988; 12:80 (French)
69. Weinstein RP, Gosselin JY: Case report of hepatotoxicity associated with maprotiline. Can J Psychiatry 1988; 33:233-234
70. Braun JS, Geiger R, Wehner H, Schäffer S, Berger M: Hepatitis caused by antidepressive therapy with maprotiline and opipramol. Pharmacopsychiatry 1998; 31:152-155 (Pubitemid 28399087)
71. Alderman CP, Atchison MM, McNeece JI: Concurrent agranulocytosis and hepatitis secondary to clomipramine therapy. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 162:688-689 (Pubitemid 23151005)
72. Maroy B: [Acute cytolytic hepatitis after taking venlafaxine.] Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2002; 26:804 (French)
73. Phillips BB, Digmann RR, Beck MG: Hepatitis associated with low-dose venlafaxine for postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms. Ann Pharmacother 2006; 40:323-327 (Pubitemid 43269866)
74. Yildirim B, Tuncer C, Ergun M, Unal S: Venlafaxine-induced hepatotoxicity in a patient with ulcerative colitis. Ann Hepatol 2009; 8:271-272
75. Stadlmann S, Portmann S, Tschopp S, Terracciano LM: Venlafaxine-induced cholestatic hepatitis: case report and review of literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 36:1724-1728
76. Kim KY, Hwang W, Narendran R: Acute liver damage possibly related to sertraline and venlafaxine ingestion. Ann Pharmacother 1999; 33:381-382 (Pubitemid 29157754)
77. Pradeep RJ, Victor G, Iby N, Kurpad SS, Galgali RB, Srinivasan K: Venlafaxine induced hepatitis. J Assoc Physicians India 2004; 52:340
78. Cardona X, Avila A, Castellanos P: Venlafaxine-associated hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132:417
79. Choy EH, Mease PJ, Kajdasz DK, Wohlreich MM, Crits-Christoph P, Walker DJ, Chappell AS: Safety and tolerability of duloxetine in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia: pooled analysis of data from five clinical trials. Clin Rheumatol 2009; 28: 1035-1044
80. McIntyre RS, Panjwani ZD, Nguyen HT, Woldeyohannes HO, Alsuwaidan M, Soczynska JK, Lourenco MT, Konarski JZ, Kennedy SH: The hepatic safety profile of duloxetine: A review. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008; 4:281-285 (Pubitemid 351618774)
81. Wernicke J, Acharya N, Strombom I, Gahimer JL, D'Souza DN, DiPietro N, Uetrecht JP: Hepatic effects of duloxetine, II: spontaneous reports and epidemiology of hepatic events. Curr Drug Saf 2008; 3:143-153
82. Kang SG, Park YM, Lee HJ, Yoon B: Duloxetine-induced liver injury in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2011; 8:269-271
83. Suri A, Reddy S, Gonzales C, Knadler MP, Branch RA, Skinner MH: Duloxetine pharmacokinetics in cirrhotics compared with healthy subjects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005; 43:78-84 (Pubitemid 40298058)
84. US Food and Drug Administration: Label approved for Cymbalta. Oct 2012. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda-docs/label/2012/021427s040s041lbl.pdf
85. European Medicines Agency: Cymbalta: European Public Assessment Report: Product Information. Aug 30, 2011. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en-GB/document- library/EPAR-Product-Information/human/000572/WC500036781.pdf
86. Greist JH, Jefferson JW, Kobak KA, Chouinard G, DuBoff E, Halaris A, Kim SW, Koran L, Liebowtiz MR, Lydiard B, et al: A 1 year double-blind placebo-controlled fixed dose study of sertraline in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 10:57-65
87. Leombruni P, Pierò A, Lavagnino L, Brustolin A, Campisi S, Fassino S: A randomized, double-blind trial comparing sertraline and fluoxetine 6-month treatment in obese patients with binge eating disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:1599-1605
88. Hautekeete ML, Colle I, van Vlierberghe H, Elewaut A: Symptomatic liver injury probably related to sertraline. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1998; 22:364-365 (Pubitemid 28182851)
89. Menon R, Howard R: Sertraline and liver toxicity in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1994; 9:332-334
90. Persky S, Reinus JF: Sertraline hepatotoxicity: A case report and review of the literature on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor hepatotoxicity. Dig Dis Sci 2003; 48:939-944 (Pubitemid 36470216)
91. Tabak F, Gunduz F, Tahan V, Tabak O, Ozaras R: Sertraline hepatotoxicity: report of a case and review of the literature. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:1589-1591
92. Collados Arroyo V, Plaza Aniorte J, Hallal H, Pérez-Cuadrado E: [Sertraline-induced hepatotoxicity.] Farm Hosp 2008; 32: 60-61 (Spanish)
93. Lecrubier Y, Judge R; Collaborative Paroxetine Panic Study Investigators: Long-term evaluation of paroxetine, clomipramine, and placebo in panic disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997; 95: 153-160 (Pubitemid 27092887)
94. Nemeroff CB, Evans DL, Gyulai L, Sachs GS, Bowden CL, Gergel IP, Oakes R, Pitts CD: Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparisonof imipramine and paroxetine in the treatment of bipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:906-912 (Pubitemid 32547620)
95. Benbow SJ, Gill G: Paroxetine and hepatotoxicity. BMJ 1997; 314:1387 (Pubitemid 27192951)
96. Colakoglu O, Tankurt E, Unsal B, Ugur F, Kupelioglu A, Buyrac Z, Akpinar Z: Toxic hepatitis associated with paroxetine. Int J Clin Pract 2005; 59:861-862 (Pubitemid 43904558)
97. Guzmán Ruiz O, Ramírez Martín del Campo M, Fernandez López I, Romero Gómez M: [Hepatotoxicity induced by paroxetine.] Med Clin (Barc) 2005; 124:399 (Spanish)
98. Odeh M, Misselevech I, Boss JH, Oliven A: Severe hepatotoxicity with jaundice associated with paroxetine. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:2494-2496 (Pubitemid 32769219)
99. Pompili M, Tittoto P, Mascianà R, Gasbarrini G, Rapaccini GL: Acute hepatitis associated with use of paroxetine. Intern Emerg Med 2008; 3:275-277
100. Tollefson GD, Rampey AH Jr, Potvin JH, Jenike MA, Rush AJ, Kominguez RA, Koran LM, Shear MK, Goodman W, Genduso LA: A multicenter investigation of fixed-dose fluoxetine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:559-567 (Pubitemid 24211033)
101. Marcus MD, Wing RR, Ewing L, Kern E, McDermott M, Gooding W: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine plus behavior modification in the treatment of obese bingeeaters and non-binge-eaters. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147:876-881 (Pubitemid 20210399)
102. Bobichon R, Bernard G, Mion F: [Acute hepatitis during treatment with fluoxetine.] Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1993; 17: 406-407 (French)
103. Cai Q, Benson MA, Talbot TJ, Devadas G, Swanson HJ, Olson JL, Kirchner JP: Acute hepatitis due to fluoxetine therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 1999; 74:692-694 (Pubitemid 29321284)
104. Friedenberg FK, Rothstein KD: Hepatitis secondary to fluoxetine treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:580
105. Johnston DE, Wheeler DE: Chronic hepatitis related to use of fluoxetine. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92:1225-1226 (Pubitemid 27304831)
106. Mars F, Dumas de la Roque G, Goissen P: [Acute hepatitis during treatment with fluoxetine.] Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1991; 15:270-271 (French)
107. Gleason OC, Yates WR, Isbell MD, Philipsen MA: An open-label trial of citalopram for major depression in patients with hepatitis C. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63:194-198 (Pubitemid 34407077)
108. Schaefer M, Sarkar R, Knop V, Effenberger S, Friebe A, Heinze L, Spengler U, Schlaepfer T, Reimer J, Buggisch P, Ockenga J, Link R, Rentrop M, Weidenbach H, Fromm G, Lieb K, Baumert TF, Heinz A, Discher T, Neumann K, Zeuzem S, Berg T: Escitalopram for the prevention of peginterferon-a2a-associated depression in hepatitis C virus-infected patients without previous psychiatric disease: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2012; 157:94-103
109. López-Torres E, Lucena MI, Seoane J, Verge C, Andrade RJ: Hepatotoxicity related to citalopram. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161:923-924
110. Neumann H, Csepregi A, Evert M, Malfertheiner P: Druginduced liver disease related to citalopram. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008; 28:254-255 (Pubitemid 351417142)
111. Merino MI, Carrero AA, García JF, Martínez JA: [Citalopram hepatotoxicity.] Med Clin (Barc) 2011; 136:270-271 (Spanish)
112. Del Val Antoñana A, Ortiz Polo I, Roselló Sastre E, Moreno- Osset E: [Hepatotoxicity related to escitalopram.] Med Clin (Barc) 2008; 131:798 (Spanish)
113. Stewart DE: Hepatic adverse reactions associated with nefazodone. Can J Psychiatry 2002; 47:375-377 (Pubitemid 34728759)
114. Gelenberg AJ, Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Thase ME, Howland R, Klein DN, Kornstein SG, Dunner DL, Markowitz JC, Hirschfeld RM, Keitner GI, Zajecka J, Kocsis JH, Russell JM, Miller I, Manber R, Arnow B, Rothbaum B, Munsaka M, Banks P, Borian FE, Keller MB: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of nefazodone maintenance treatment in preventing recurrence in chronic depression. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 54:806-817 (Pubitemid 37205132)
115. Schirren CA, Baretton G: Nefazodone-induced acute liver failure. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:1596-1597
116. Aranda-Michel J, Koehler A, Bejarano PA, Poulos JE, Luxon BA, Khan CM, Ee LC, Balistreri WF, Weber FL Jr: Nefazodoneinduced liver failure: report of three cases. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130:285-288 (Pubitemid 29091856)
117. Eloubeidi MA, Gaede JT, Swaim MW: Reversible nefazodoneinduced liver failure. Dig Dis Sci 2000; 45:1036-1038
118. Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, Gomez-Outes A, Rubio M, Cabello MR: Acute liver failure after treatment with nefazodone. Dig Dis Sci 1999; 44:2577-2579 (Pubitemid 30027380)
119. Tzimas GN, Dion B, Deschênes M: Early onset, nefazodoneinduced fulminant hepatic failure. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98:1663-1664 (Pubitemid 36875371)
120. Beck PL, Bridges RJ, Demetrick DJ, Kelly JK, Lee SS: Chronic active hepatitis associated with trazodone therapy. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118:791-792 (Pubitemid 23135478)
121. Chu AG, Gunsolly BL, Summers RW, Alexander B, McChesney C, Tanna VL: Trazodone and liver toxicity. Ann Intern Med 1983; 99:128-129 (Pubitemid 13066674)
122. Fernandes NF, Martin RR, Schenker S: Trazodone-induced hepatotoxicity: A case report with comments on drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:532-535 (Pubitemid 30106189)
123. Rettman KS, McClintock C: Hepatotoxicity after short-term trazodone therapy. Ann Pharmacother 2001; 35:1559-1561 (Pubitemid 34027453)
124. Sheikh KH, Nies AS: Trazodone and intrahepatic cholestasis. Ann Intern Med 1983; 99:572
125. Sánchez Ruiz JC, González López E, Aparicio Tijeras C, Ezquerra Gadea J: [Hepatotoxicity due to trazodone.] Aten Primaria 2004; 34:104 (Spanish) (Pubitemid 38937771)
126. Longstreth GF, Hershman J: Trazodone-induced hepatotoxicity and leukonychia. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985; 13:149-150 (Pubitemid 15068694)
127. Hu KQ, Tiyyagura L, Kanel G, Redeker AG: Acute hepatitis induced by bupropion. Dig Dis Sci 2000; 45:1872-1873
128. Tsoi DT, Porwal M, Webster AC: Efficacy and safety of bupropion for smoking cessation and reduction in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2010; 196: 346-353
129. Humayun F, Shehab TM, Tworek JA, Fontana RJ: A fatal case of bupropion (Zyban) hepatotoxicity with autoimmune features: case report. J Med Case Reports 2007; 1:88
130. Alvaro D, Onetti-Muda A, Moscatelli R, Atili AF: Acute cholestatic hepatitis induced by bupropion prescribed as pharmacological support to stop smoking: A case report. Dig Liver Dis 2001; 33:703-706 (Pubitemid 33107672)
131. Carlos Titos-Arcos J, Hallal H, Collados V, Plaza-Aniorte J: [Acute hepatitis secondary to bupropion.] Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 31:549 (Spanish)
132. Oslin DW, Duffy K: The rise of serum aminotransferases in a patient treated with bupropion. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 13:364-365 (Pubitemid 23313368)
133. Bagshaw SM, Cload B, Gilmour J, Leung ST, Bowen TJ: Druginduced rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome with bupropion administration. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2003; 90:572-575 (Pubitemid 36827397)
134. Khoo AL, Tham LS, Lee KH, Lim GK: Acute liver failure with concurrent bupropion and carbimazole therapy. Ann Pharmacother 2003; 37:220-223
135. Barbare JC, Biour M, Cadot T, Latrive JP: [Hepatotoxicity of mianserin: A case with positive reintroduction.] Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1992; 16:486-488 (French)
136. Montgomery SA: Safety of mirtazapine: A review. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 10(suppl 4):37-45 (Pubitemid 26058318)
137. Hui CK, Yuen MF, Wong WM, Lam SK, Lai CL: Mirtazapineinduced hepatotoxicity. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002; 35:270-271
138. Adetunji B, Basil B, Mathews M, Osinowo T: Mirtazapineassociated dose-dependent and asymptomatic elevation of hepatic enzymes. Ann Pharmacother 2007; 41:359 (Pubitemid 46340070)
139. Kang SG, Yoon BM, Park YM: Mirtazapine-induced hepatocellulartype liver injury. Ann Pharmacother 2011; 45:825-826
140. Kasper S, Olié JP: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of tianeptine versus SSRI in the short-term treatment of depression. Eur Psychiatry 2002; 17(suppl 3):331-340 (Pubitemid 34839396)
141. Fromenty B, Freneaux E, Labbe G, Deschamps D, Larrey D, Letteron P, Pessayre D: Tianeptine, a new tricyclic antidepressant metabolized by beta-oxidation of its heptanoic side chain, inhibits the mitochondrial oxidation of medium and short chain fatty acids in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 1989; 38: 3743-3751 (Pubitemid 19284022)
142. Le Bricquir Y, Larrey D, Blanc P, Pageaux GP, Michel H: Tianeptine: An instance of drug-induced hepatotoxicity predicted by prospective experimental studies. J Hepatol 1994; 21:771-773 (Pubitemid 24374142)
143. Macaigne G, Auriault ML, Chayette C, Cheiab S, Deplus R: [Tianeptine induced acute hepatitis.] Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2003; 27:348-349 (French)
144. Rifflet H, Vuillemin E, Rifflet I, Oberti F, Pilette C, Calès P: [Acute painful and febrile hepatic involvement related to ingestion of tianeptine.] Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1996; 20:606-607 (French) (Pubitemid 26247731)
145. Balleyguier C, Stérin D, Ziol M, Trinchet JC: [Acute mixed hepatitis caused by tianeptine.] Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1996; 20: 607-608 (French) (Pubitemid 26247732)
146. Fromenty B, Pessayre D: Impaired mitochondrial function in microvesicular steatosis: effects of drugs, ethanol, hormones, and cytokines. J Hepatol 1997; 26(suppl 2):43-53
147. Howland RH: A benefit-risk assessment of agomelatine in the treatment of major depression. Drug Saf 2011; 34:709-731
148. Gahr M, Freudenmann RW, Connemann BJ, Hiemke C, Schönfeldt- Lecuona C: Agomelatine and hepatotoxicity: implications of cumulated data derived from spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions. Pharmacopsychiatry 2013; 46:214-220
149. Gruz F, Raffa S, Santucci C, Papale RM, Videla MG, Gimena Fernandez M, Yantorno S, Descalzi VI: [Agomelatine: fulminant liver failure in a patient with fatty liver.] Gastroenterol Hepatol (Epub ahead of print, July 9, 2013) (Spanish)
150. Stuhec M: Agomelatine-induced hepatotoxicity. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2013; 125:225-226
151. European Medicines Agency: Valdoxan: European Public Assessment Report: Product Information. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en-GB/document-library/EPAR- Product-Information/human/ 000915/WC500046227.pdf
152. Chen M, Borlak J, Tong W: High lipophilicity and high daily dose of oral medications are associated with significant risk for drug-induced liver injury. Hepatology 2013; 58:388-396
153. Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Fernández MC, Vega JL, Camargo R: Hepatotoxicity in patients with cirrhosis, an often unrecognized problem: lessons froma fatal case related to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Dig Dis Sci 2001; 46:1416-1419 (Pubitemid 32652610)
154. Rosenzweig P, Miget N, Brohier S: Transaminase elevation on placebo during phase I trials: prevalence and significance. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 48:19-23 (Pubitemid 29296658)
155. Narjes H, Nehmiz G: Effect of hospitalisation on liver enzymes in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 56:329-333 (Pubitemid 30462931)
156. Purkins L, Love ER, Eve MD, Wooldridge CL, Cowan C, Smart TS, Johnson PJ, Rapeport WG: The influence of diet upon liver function tests and serum lipids in healthy male volunteers resident in a Phase I unit. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 57:199-208 (Pubitemid 38223532)
157. Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Fernández MC, Pelaez G, Pachkoria K, García-Ruiz E, García-Muñoz B, González-Grande R, Pizarro A, Durán JA, Jiménez M, Rodrigo L, Romero-Gomez M, Navarro JM, Planas R, Costa J, Borras A, Soler A, Salmerón J, Martin- Vivaldi R; Spanish Group for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Disease: Drug-induced liver injury: An analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period. Gastroenterology 2005; 129:512-521 (Pubitemid 41096639)
158. Björnsson E, Olsson R: Outcome and prognostic markers in severe drug-induced liver disease. Hepatology 2005; 42:481-489 (Pubitemid 41061102)
159. Bjornsson ES, Jonasson JG: Drug-induced cholestasis. Clin Liver Dis 2013; 17:191-209
160. Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, Kaplowitz N, García-CortesM, Fernández MC, Romero-Gomez M, Bruguera M, Hallal H, Robles-Diaz M, Rodriguez-González JF, Navarro JM, Salmeron J, Martinez- Odriozola P, Pérez-Alvarez R, Borraz Y, Hidalgo R; Spanish Group for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Disease: Phenotypic characterization of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: the influence of age and sex. Hepatology 2009; 49:2001-2009
161. Gartlehner G, Gaynes BN, Hansen RA, Thieda P, DeVeaugh- Geiss A, Krebs EE, Moore CG, Morgan L, Lohr KN: Comparative benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants: background paper for the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2008; 149:734-750
162. Davern TJ, Chalasani N, Fontana RJ, Hayashi PH, Protiva P, Kleiner DE, Engle RE,Nguyen H, Emerson SU, Purcell RH, Tillmann HL, Gu J, Serrano J, Hoofnagle JH; Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN): Acute hepatitis E infection accounts for some cases of suspected drug-induced liver injury. Gastroenterology 2011; 141: 1665-72.e1-1665-72.e19
163. Koponen H, Jokelainen J, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kumpusalo E, Vanhala M: Metabolic syndrome predisposes to depressive symptoms: A population-based 7-year follow-up study. J Clin Psychiatry 2008; 69:178-182 (Pubitemid 351469259)
164. Pyykkönen AJ, Räikkönen K, Tuomi T, Eriksson JG, Groop L, Isomaa B: Association between depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome is not explained by antidepressant medication: results from the PPP-Botnia Study. Ann Med 2012; 44:279-288