Ethanol Locks in the Prevention and Treatment of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections

Annals of Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 48, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 607-615

  Tan, Marisela ^a   Lau, Jackie ^a   Guglielmo, B Joseph ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

catheter related bloodstream infection; ethanol lock therapy; ethanol locks; prevention; review; treatment

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL;

ADVERSE OUTCOME; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; CATHETER INFECTION; CATHETER REMOVAL; ETHANOL LOCK THERAPY; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; MEDICAL DEVICE COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; TREATMENT DURATION;

CATHETER-RELATED BLOODSTREAM INFECTION; ETHANOL LOCK THERAPY; ETHANOL LOCKS; PREVENTION; REVIEW; TREATMENT;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CATHETER-RELATED INFECTIONS; CATHETERIZATION; ETHANOL; HUMANS;

EID: 84898680329     PISSN: 10600280     EISSN: 15426270     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1060028014524049     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Klevens RM,Edwards JR,Richards JL, et al.Estimating health care-associated infections and deaths in U.S. hospitals, 2002.Public Health Rep. 2007;122:160-166.
2. Vital signs: central line-associated blood stream infections-United States, 2001, 2008, and 2009.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60:243-248.
3. Daniels KR,Frei CR.The United States' progress toward eliminating catheter-related bloodstream infections: incidence, mortality and hospital length of stay from 1996 to 2008.Am J Infect Control. 2013;41:118-121.
4. Revelas A.Healthcare-associated infections: a public health problem.Niger Med J. 2012;53:59-64.
5. Mermel L.Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections.Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:391-402.
6. Hollenbeak C.The cost of catheter-related bloodstream infections: implications for the value of prevention.J Infus Nurs. 2011;34:309-313.
7. O'Grady NP,Alexander M,Burns LA, et al.Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections.Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52:e162-e193.
8. Corrigan ML,Pogatschnik C,Konrad D,Kirby DF.Hospital readmissions for catheter-related bloodstream infection and use of ethanol lock therapy: comparison of patients receiving parenteral nutrition or intravenous fluids in the home vs a skilled nursing facility.JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2013;37:81-84.
9. Balestrino D,Souweine B,Charbonnel N, et al.Eradication of microorganisms embedded in biofilm by an ethanol-based catheter lock solution.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24:3204-3209.
10. Opilla MT,Kirby DF,Edmond MB.Use of ethanol lock therapy to reduce the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections in home parenteral nutrition patients.JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2007;31:302-305.
11. Mouw E,Chessman K,Lesher A,Tagge E.Use of an ethanol lock to prevent catheter-related infections in children with short bowel syndrome.J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:1025-1029.
12. Sanders J,Pithie A,Ganly P, et al.A prospective double-blind randomized trial comparing intraluminal ethanol with heparinized saline for the prevention of catheter-associated bloodstream infections in immunosuppressed hematology patients.J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62:809-815.
13. Jones BA,Hull MA,Richardson DS, et al.Efficacy of ethanol locks in reducing central venous catheter infections in pediatric patients with intestinal failure.J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45:1287-1293.
14. Kayton ML,Garmey EG,Ishill NM, et al.Preliminary results of a phase I trial of prophylactic ethanol-lock administration to prevent mediport catheter-related bloodstream infections.J Pediatr Surg. 2010;45:1961-1966.
15. Slobbe L,Doorduijn JK,Lugtenburg PJ, et al.Prevention of catheter-related bacteremia with a daily ethanol lock in patients with tunnelled catheters: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.PLoS One. 2010;5:1-8.
16. Cober MP,Kovacevich DS,Teitelbaum DH.Ethanol-lock therapy for the prevention of central venous access device infections in pediatric patients with intestinal failure.JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011;35:67-73.
17. Wales PW,Kosar C,Carricato M,de Silva N,Lang K,Avitzur Y.Ethanol lock therapy to reduce the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections in home parenteral nutrition patients with intestinal failure: preliminary experience.J Pediatr Surg. 2011;46:951-956.
18. Corrigan M,Kirby DF.Impact of a national shortage of sterile ethanol on a home parenteral nutrition practice: a case series.JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012;36:476-480.
19. John BK,Khan MA,Speerhas R, et al.Ethanol lock therapy in reducing catheter-related bloodstream infections in adult home parenteral nutrition patients: results of a retrospective study.JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012;36:603-610.
20. Ralls MW,Blackwood A,Arnold MA,Partipilo ML,Dimond J,Teitelbaum DH.Drug shortage-associated increase in catheter-related blood stream infection in children.Pediatrics. 2012;130:e1369-e1373.
21. Broom JK,Krishnasamy R,Hawley CM,Playford EG,Johnson DW.A randomised controlled trial of heparin versus ethanol lock therapy for the prevention of catheter associated infection in haemodialysis patients: the HEALTHY-CATH trial.BMC Nephrol. 2012;13:146.
22. Pieroni KP,Nespor C,Ng M, et al.Evaluation of ethanol lock therapy in pediatric patients on long-term parenteral nutrition.Nutr Clin Pract. 2013;28:226-231.
23. Ball PA,Brokenshire E,Parry B, et al.Ethanol locking as a possible treatment for microbial contamination of long-term central venous catheters.Nutrition. 2003;19:570.
24. Dannenberg C,Bierbach U,Rothe A,Beer J,Korholz D.Ethanol-lock technique in the treatment of bloodstream infections in pediatric oncology patients with broviac catheter.J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2003;25:616-621.
25. Onland W,Shin CE,Fustar S,Rushing T,Wong WY.Ethanol-lock technique for persistent bacteremia of long-term intravascular devices in pediatric patients.Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:1049-1053.
26. Broom J,Woods M,Allworth A, et al.Ethanol lock therapy to treat tunnelled central venous catheter-associated blood stream infections: results from a prospective trial.Scand J Infect Dis. 2008;40:399-406.
27. Rajpurkar M,Boldt-Macdonald K,McLenon R, et al.Ethanol lock therapy for the treatment of catheter-related infections in haemophilia patients.Haemophilia. 2009;15:1267-1271.
28. Valentine K.Ethanol lock therapy for catheter-associated blood stream infections in a pediatric intensive care unit.Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011;12:e292-e296.
29. Blackwood RA,Klein KC,Micel LN, et al.Ethanol locks therapy for resolution of fungal catheter infections.Pediatr Infect Dis. 2011;30:1105-1107.
30. McGrath E,Salloum R,Chen X, et al.Short-dwell ethanol lock therapy in children is associated with increased clearance of central line-associated bloodstream infections.Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2011;50:943-951.
31. Pieroni KP,Nespor C,Poole RL,Kerner JA,Berquist WE.Echinocandin and ethanol lock therapy treatment of fungal catheter infections.Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32:289-291.