메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 140-146

Antihyperlipidemic therapies targeting PCSK9

Author keywords

low density lipoprotein reduction; monoclonal antibodies; proprotein convertase Subtilisin kexin 9 inhibition

Indexed keywords

ALIROCUMAB; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; BOCOCIZUMAB; EVOLOCUMAB; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; PLACEBO; PCSK9 PROTEIN, HUMAN; SERINE PROTEINASE;

EID: 84898597389     PISSN: 10615377     EISSN: 15384683     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000014     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (39)

References (82)
  • 3
    • 0032510639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories
    • Wilson P W, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998;97:1837-1847
    • (1998) Circulation. , vol.97 , pp. 1837-1847
    • Wilson, P.W.1    D'Agostino, R.B.2    Levy, D.3
  • 4
    • 0021349709 scopus 로고
    • The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results II: The relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering
    • Lipid Research Clinics Program
    • Lipid Research Clinics Program. The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results II: the relationship of reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering. JAMA. 1984;251:365-374.
    • (1984) JAMA. , vol.251 , pp. 365-374
  • 5
    • 0023025526 scopus 로고
    • Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356, 222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)
    • Stamler J, Wentworth D, Neaton JD. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356, 222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA. 1986;256:2823-2828.
    • (1986) JAMA. , vol.256 , pp. 2823-2828
    • Stamler, J.1    Wentworth, D.2    Neaton, J.D.3
  • 6
    • 0018949549 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of coronary heart disease in the Framingham Offspring Study: Role of lipoprotein cholesterols
    • Wilson P W, Garrison RJ, Castelli W P, et al. Prevalence of coronary heart disease in the Framingham Offspring Study: role of lipoprotein cholesterols. Am J Cardiol. 1980;46:649-654.
    • (1980) Am J Cardiol. , vol.46 , pp. 649-654
    • Wilson, P.W.1    Garrison, R.J.2    Castelli, W.P.3
  • 7
    • 0023029454 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Framingham Study
    • Castelli W P, Garrison RJ, Wilson PW, et al. Incidence of coronary heart disease and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The Framingham Study. JAMA. 1986;256:2835-2838.
    • (1986) JAMA. , vol.256 , pp. 2835-2838
    • Castelli, W.P.1    Garrison, R.J.2    Wilson, P.W.3
  • 8
    • 34547748349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol reduction yields clinical benefts: Meta-analysis including recent trials
    • Gould AL, Davies GM, Alemao E, et al. Cholesterol reduction yields clinical benefts: meta-analysis including recent trials. Clin Ther. 2007;29:778-794.
    • (2007) Clin Ther. , vol.29 , pp. 778-794
    • Gould, A.L.1    Davies, G.M.2    Alemao, E.3
  • 9
    • 0037126526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) fnal report
    • National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) fnal report. Circulation. 2002;106:3143-3421.
    • (2002) Circulation. , vol.106 , pp. 3143-3421
  • 10
    • 1542748421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosuvastatin: A new inhibitor of HMG-coA reductase for the treatment of dyslipidemia
    • Rosenson RS. Rosuvastatin: a new inhibitor of HMG-coA reductase for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2003;1:495-505.
    • (2003) Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. , vol.1 , pp. 495-505
    • Rosenson, R.S.1
  • 11
    • 82355175158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AHA/ACCF Secondary Prevention and Risk Reduction Therapy for Patients with Coronary and other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: 2011 update: A guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation
    • World Heart Federation and the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association
    • Smith SC Jr, Benjamin EJ, Bonow RO, et al; World Heart Federation and the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association. AHA/ACCF Secondary Prevention and Risk Reduction Therapy for Patients with Coronary and other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2011;124:2458-2473.
    • (2011) Circulation. , vol.124 , pp. 2458-2473
    • Smith Jr., S.C.1    Benjamin, E.J.2    Bonow, R.O.3
  • 12
    • 34548384234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further reduction of low-density lipo-protein cholesterol and C-reactive protein with the addition of ezetimibe to maximum-dose rosuvastatin in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia
    • Stein EA, Ose L, Retterstøl K, et al. Further reduction of low-density lipo-protein cholesterol and C-reactive protein with the addition of ezetimibe to maximum-dose rosuvastatin in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Lipidol. 2007;1:280-286
    • (2007) J Clin Lipidol. , vol.1 , pp. 280-286
    • Stein, E.A.1    Ose, L.2    Retterstøl, K.3
  • 13
    • 84855171302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIM-HIGH: Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy
    • The AIM-HIGH Investigators
    • The AIM-HIGH Investigators. AIM-HIGH: niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2255-2567.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med. , vol.365 , pp. 2255-2567
  • 14
    • 0036895768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy: Its rationale and the role of ezetimibe
    • Stone N. Combination therapy: its rationale and the role of ezetimibe. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2002;4:J19-J22.
    • (2002) Eur Heart J Suppl. , vol.4
    • Stone, N.1
  • 16
    • 32444444724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild to moderate muscular symptoms with high-dosage statin therapy in hyperlipidemic patients-The PRIMO study
    • Bruckert E, Hayem G, Dejager S, et al. Mild to moderate muscular symptoms with high-dosage statin therapy in hyperlipidemic patients-the PRIMO study. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2005;19:403-414.
    • (2005) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. , vol.19 , pp. 403-414
    • Bruckert, E.1    Hayem, G.2    Dejager, S.3
  • 17
    • 0037429617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk for myopathy with statin therapy in high-risk patients
    • Ballantyne CM, Corsini A, Davidson MH, et al. Risk for myopathy with statin therapy in high-risk patients. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:553-564.
    • (2003) Arch Intern Med. , vol.163 , pp. 553-564
    • Ballantyne, C.M.1    Corsini, A.2    Davidson, M.H.3
  • 18
    • 1542314891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current overview of statin-induced myopathy
    • Rosenson RS. Current overview of statin-induced myopathy. Am J Med. 2004;116:408-416.
    • (2004) Am J Med. , vol.116 , pp. 408-416
    • Rosenson, R.S.1
  • 19
    • 56749106312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein
    • JUPITER Study Group
    • Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, et al; JUPITER Study Group. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2195-2207.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med. , vol.359 , pp. 2195-2207
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Danielson, E.2    Fonseca, F.A.3
  • 20
    • 79959428660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: A meta-analysis
    • Preiss D, Seshasai SR, Welsh P, et al. Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;305:2556-2564.
    • (2011) JAMA. , vol.305 , pp. 2556-2564
    • Preiss, D.1    Seshasai, S.R.2    Welsh, P.3
  • 21
    • 0038645309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effcacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin simvastatin and pravastatin across doses (STELLAR* Trial)
    • STELLAR Study Group
    • Jones PH, Davidson MH, Stein EA, et al; STELLAR Study Group. Comparison of the effcacy and safety of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin across doses (STELLAR* Trial). Am J Cardiol. 2003;92:152-160.
    • (2003) Am J Cardiol. , vol.92 , pp. 152-160
    • Jones, P.H.1    Davidson, M.H.2    Stein, E.A.3
  • 22
    • 1842844488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe irritability associated with statin cholesterol-lowering drugs
    • Golomb BA, Kane T, Dimsdale JE. Severe irritability associated with statin cholesterol-lowering drugs. QJM. 2004;97:229-235.
    • (2004) QJM. , vol.97 , pp. 229-235
    • Golomb, B.A.1    Kane, T.2    Dimsdale, J.E.3
  • 23
    • 77953711938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unintended effects of statins in men and women in England and Wales: Population based cohort study using the QResearch database
    • Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C. Unintended effects of statins in men and women in England and Wales: population based cohort study using the QResearch database. BMJ. 2010;340:c2197.
    • (2010) BMJ. , vol.340
    • Hippisley-Cox, J.1    Coupland, C.2
  • 24
    • 67651196989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetic predictors of statin-mediated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction and dose response
    • Voora D, Shah SH, Reed CR, et al. Pharmacogenetic predictors of statin-mediated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction and dose response. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2008;1:100-106.
    • (2008) Circ Cardiovasc Genet. , vol.1 , pp. 100-106
    • Voora, D.1    Shah, S.H.2    Reed, C.R.3
  • 25
    • 2942627194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetic study of statin therapy and cholesterol reduction
    • Chasman DI, Posada D, Subrahmanyan L, et al. Pharmacogenetic study of statin therapy and cholesterol reduction. JAMA. 2004;291:2821-2827.
    • (2004) JAMA. , vol.291 , pp. 2821-2827
    • Chasman, D.I.1    Posada, D.2    Subrahmanyan, L.3
  • 26
    • 84859628826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular drugs in development
    • Frishman WH, Sica DA, eds Minneapolis, MN: Cardiotext
    • Frishman WH, Pallerla K. Cardiovascular drugs in development. In: Frishman WH, Sica DA, eds. Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapeutics. 3rd ed. Minneapolis, MN: Cardiotext; 2011:619-630.
    • (2011) Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapeutics. 3rd Ed , pp. 619-630
    • Frishman, W.H.1    Pallerla, K.2
  • 28
    • 34547108600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding of proprotein convertase sub-tilisin/kexin type 9 to epidermal growth factor-like repeat A of low density lipoprotein receptor decreases receptor recycling and increases degradation
    • Zhang DW, Lagace TA, Garuti R, et al. Binding of proprotein convertase sub-tilisin/kexin type 9 to epidermal growth factor-like repeat A of low density lipoprotein receptor decreases receptor recycling and increases degradation. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:18602-18612.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem. , vol.282 , pp. 18602-18612
    • Zhang, D.W.1    Lagace, T.A.2    Garuti, R.3
  • 29
    • 34548175537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secreted PCSK9 downregulates low density lipoprotein receptor through receptor-mediated endocytosis
    • Qian Y W, Schmidt RJ, Zhang Y, et al. Secreted PCSK9 downregulates low density lipoprotein receptor through receptor-mediated endocytosis. J Lipid Res. 2007;48:1488-1498.
    • (2007) J Lipid Res. , vol.48 , pp. 1488-1498
    • Qian, Y.W.1    Schmidt, R.J.2    Zhang, Y.3
  • 30
    • 84885447918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 for the treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis
    • Urban D, Pöss J, Böhm M, et al. Targeting the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 for the treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:1401-1408.
    • (2013) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.62 , pp. 1401-1408
    • Urban, D.1    Pöss, J.2    Böhm, M.3
  • 32
    • 0015796295 scopus 로고
    • Hyperlipidemia in coronary heart disease. II. Genetic analysis of lipid levels in 176 families and delineation of a new inherited disorder, combined hyperlipidemia
    • Goldstein JL, Schrott HG, Hazzard WR, et al. Hyperlipidemia in coronary heart disease. II. Genetic analysis of lipid levels in 176 families and delineation of a new inherited disorder, combined hyperlipidemia. J Clin Invest. 1973;52:1544-1568.
    • (1973) J Clin Invest. , vol.52 , pp. 1544-1568
    • Goldstein, J.L.1    Schrott, H.G.2    Hazzard, W.R.3
  • 33
    • 0011723065 scopus 로고
    • Familial defective apolipo-protein B-100: Low density lipoproteins with abnormal receptor binding
    • Innerarity TL, Weisgraber KH, Arnold KS, et al. Familial defective apolipo-protein B-100: low density lipoproteins with abnormal receptor binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987;84:6919-6923.
    • (1987) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. , vol.84 , pp. 6919-6923
    • Innerarity, T.L.1    Weisgraber, K.H.2    Arnold, K.S.3
  • 34
    • 0037603589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia
    • Abifadel M, Varret M, Rabès J P, et al. Mutations in PCSK9 cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Nat Genet. 2003;34:154-156.
    • (2003) Nat Genet. , vol.34 , pp. 154-156
    • Abifadel, M.1    Varret, M.2    Rabès, J.P.3
  • 35
    • 0344236142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel putative SREBP and LXR target genes identifed by microarray analysis in liver of cholesterol-fed mice
    • Maxwell KN, Soccio RE, Duncan EM, et al. Novel putative SREBP and LXR target genes identifed by microarray analysis in liver of cholesterol-fed mice. J Lipid Res. 2003;44:2109-2119.
    • (2003) J Lipid Res. , vol.44 , pp. 2109-2119
    • Maxwell, K.N.1    Soccio, R.E.2    Duncan, E.M.3
  • 36
    • 3943060193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statins upregulate PCSK9, the gene encoding the proprotein convertase neural apoptosis-regulated convertase-1 implicated in familial hypercholesterolemia
    • Dubuc G, Chamberland A, Wassef H, et al. Statins upregulate PCSK9, the gene encoding the proprotein convertase neural apoptosis-regulated convertase-1 implicated in familial hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:1454-1459.
    • (2004) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 1454-1459
    • Dubuc, G.1    Chamberland, A.2    Wassef, H.3
  • 37
    • 38949109659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin increases human serum levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
    • Careskey HE, Davis RA, Alborn WE, et al. Atorvastatin increases human serum levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. J Lipid Res. 2008;49:394-398.
    • (2008) J Lipid Res. , vol.49 , pp. 394-398
    • Careskey, H.E.1    Davis, R.A.2    Alborn, W.E.3
  • 38
    • 13844310887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of PCSK9 accelerates the degradation of the LDLR in a post-endoplasmic reticulum compartment
    • Maxwell KN, Fisher EA, Breslow JL. Overexpression of PCSK9 accelerates the degradation of the LDLR in a post-endoplasmic reticulum compartment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:2069-2074.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. , vol.102 , pp. 2069-2074
    • Maxwell, K.N.1    Fisher, E.A.2    Breslow, J.L.3
  • 39
    • 33645103550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease
    • Cohen JC, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH Jr, et al. Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1264-1272.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med. , vol.354 , pp. 1264-1272
    • Cohen, J.C.1    Boerwinkle, E.2    Mosley Jr., T.H.3
  • 40
    • 13944265645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9
    • Cohen J, Pertsemlidis A, Kotowski IK, et al. Low LDL cholesterol in individuals of African descent resulting from frequent nonsense mutations in PCSK9. Nat Genet. 2005;37:161-165.
    • (2005) Nat Genet. , vol.37 , pp. 161-165
    • Cohen, J.1    Pertsemlidis, A.2    Kotowski, I.K.3
  • 41
    • 33646443979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missense mutations in the PCSK9 gene are associated with hypocholesterolemia and possibly increased response to statin therapy
    • Berge KE, Ose L, Leren T P. Missense mutations in the PCSK9 gene are associated with hypocholesterolemia and possibly increased response to statin therapy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1094-1100.
    • (2006) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. , vol.26 , pp. 1094-1100
    • Berge, K.E.1    Ose, L.2    Leren, T.P.3
  • 42
    • 33344464808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spectrum of PCSK9 alleles contributes to plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
    • Kotowski IK, Pertsemlidis A, Luke A, et al. A spectrum of PCSK9 alleles contributes to plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Am J Hum Genet. 2006;78:410-422.
    • (2006) Am J Hum Genet. , vol.78 , pp. 410-422
    • Kotowski, I.K.1    Pertsemlidis, A.2    Luke, A.3
  • 43
    • 2442670243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia
    • Leren T P. Mutations in the PCSK9 gene in Norwegian subjects with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Clin Genet. 2004;65:419-422.
    • (2004) Clin Genet. , vol.65 , pp. 419-422
    • Leren, T.P.1
  • 44
    • 67649834056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 neutralizing antibody reduces serum cholesterol in mice and nonhuman primates
    • Chan JC, Piper DE, Cao Q, et al. A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 neutralizing antibody reduces serum cholesterol in mice and nonhuman primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106:9820-9825.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. , vol.106 , pp. 9820-9825
    • Chan, J.C.1    Piper, D.E.2    Cao, Q.3
  • 45
    • 84857600072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene inactivation of proprotein con-vertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 reduces atherosclerosis in mice
    • Denis M, Marcinkiewicz J, Zaid A, et al. Gene inactivation of proprotein con-vertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 reduces atherosclerosis in mice. Circulation. 2012;125:894-901.
    • (2012) Circulation. , vol.125 , pp. 894-901
    • Denis, M.1    Marcinkiewicz, J.2    Zaid, A.3
  • 46
    • 84858638369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on LDL cholesterol
    • Stein EA, Mellis S, Yancopoulos GD, et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1108-1118.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med. , vol.366 , pp. 1108-1118
    • Stein, E.A.1    Mellis, S.2    Yancopoulos, G.D.3
  • 47
    • 84862219022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and effcacy of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease, SAR236553/REGN727, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia receiving ongoing stable atorvastatin therapy
    • McKenney JM, Koren MJ, Kereiakes DJ, et al. Safety and effcacy of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease, SAR236553/REGN727, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia receiving ongoing stable atorvastatin therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:2344-2353.
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.59 , pp. 2344-2353
    • McKenney, J.M.1    Koren, M.J.2    Kereiakes, D.J.3
  • 48
    • 78651314978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukocytoclastic vasculitis: A rare adverse effect secondary to infiximab
    • Karoui S, Bibani N, Ben Gorbel I, et al. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis: a rare adverse effect secondary to infiximab. Infamm bowel dis. 2011;17:E4E5.
    • (2011) Infamm Bowel Dis. , vol.17
    • Karoui, S.1    Bibani, N.2    Ben Gorbel, I.3
  • 49
    • 33244454766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis: A case report
    • Kandula P, Kouides PA. Rituximab-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis: a case report. Arch Dermatol. 2006;142:246-247.
    • (2006) Arch Dermatol. , vol.142 , pp. 246-247
    • Kandula, P.1    Kouides, P.A.2
  • 50
    • 0024997579 scopus 로고
    • The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classifcation of hypersensitivity vasculi-tis
    • Calabrese LH, Michel BA, Bloch DA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classifcation of hypersensitivity vasculi-tis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:1108-1113.
    • (1990) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.33 , pp. 1108-1113
    • Calabrese, L.H.1    Michel, B.A.2    Bloch, D.A.3
  • 51
    • 0028158243 scopus 로고
    • Nomenclature of systemic vasculi-tides. Proposal of an international consensus conference
    • Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, et al. Nomenclature of systemic vasculi-tides. Proposal of an international consensus conference. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37:187-192.
    • (1994) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.37 , pp. 187-192
    • Jennette, J.C.1    Falk, R.J.2    Andrassy, K.3
  • 52
    • 84863494422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, REGN727/SAR236553, to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia on stable statin dose with or without ezetimibe therapy: A phase 2 randomised controlled trial
    • Stein EA, Gipe D, Bergeron J, et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9, REGN727/SAR236553, to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia on stable statin dose with or without ezetimibe therapy: a phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;380:29-36.
    • (2012) Lancet. , vol.380 , pp. 29-36
    • Stein, E.A.1    Gipe, D.2    Bergeron, J.3
  • 53
    • 84868689211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atorvastatin with or without an antibody to PCSK9 in primary hypercholesterolemia
    • Roth EM, McKenney JM, Hanotin C, et al. Atorvastatin with or without an antibody to PCSK9 in primary hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1891-1900.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med. , vol.367 , pp. 1891-1900
    • Roth, E.M.1    McKenney, J.M.2    Hanotin, C.3
  • 54
    • 84873376561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 based therapeutics
    • Stein EA, Swergold GD. Potential of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 based therapeutics. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2013;15:310.
    • (2013) Curr Atheroscler Rep. , vol.15 , pp. 310
    • Stein, E.A.1    Swergold, G.D.2
  • 55
    • 84898600814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCSK9 inhibitors poised for breakthrough as new cholesterol-lowering therapy
    • Dellapena D. PCSK9 inhibitors poised for breakthrough as new cholesterol-lowering therapy. Cardiol Today. 2013;16:1, 13.
    • (2013) Cardiol Today. , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 13
    • Dellapena, D.1
  • 56
    • 84868206496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of AMG 145 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: Results from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose phase 1 studies in healthy volunteers and hypercho-lesterolemic subjects on statins
    • Dias CS, Shaywitz AJ, Wasserman SM, et al. Effects of AMG 145 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: results from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose phase 1 studies in healthy volunteers and hypercho-lesterolemic subjects on statins. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1888-1898.
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.60 , pp. 1888-1898
    • Dias, C.S.1    Shaywitz, A.J.2    Wasserman, S.M.3
  • 57
    • 84871326497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in statin-intolerant patients: The GAUSS randomized trial
    • Sullivan D, Olsson AG, Scott R, et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in statin-intolerant patients: the GAUSS randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;308:2497-2506.
    • (2012) JAMA. , vol.308 , pp. 2497-2506
    • Sullivan, D.1    Olsson, A.G.2    Scott, R.3
  • 58
    • 84898597906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goal achievement after utilizing an anti-PCSK9 antibody in statin intolerant subjects (GAUSS): Interim results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (abstract)
    • Sullivan D, Olsson A, Scott R, et al: Goal achievement after utilizing an anti-PCSK9 antibody in statin intolerant subjects (GAUSS): interim results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (abstract). Circulation. 2012;126:2782.
    • (2012) Circulation. , vol.126 , pp. 2782
    • Sullivan, D.1    Olsson, A.2    Scott, R.3
  • 59
    • 84870478439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effcacy, safety, and tolerability of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein con-vertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in combination with a statin in patients with hypercholesterolaemia (LAPLACE-TIMI 57): A randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, phase 2 study
    • LAPLACE-TIMI 57 Investigators
    • Giugliano R P, Desai NR, Kohli P, et al; LAPLACE-TIMI 57 Investigators. Effcacy, safety, and tolerability of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein con-vertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in combination with a statin in patients with hypercholesterolaemia (LAPLACE-TIMI 57): a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, phase 2 study. Lancet. 2012;380:2007-2017.
    • (2012) Lancet. , vol.380 , pp. 2007-2017
    • Giugliano, R.P.1    Desai, N.R.2    Kohli, P.3
  • 60
    • 84863456755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and rationale of the LAPLACE-TIMI 57 trial: A phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effcacy and tol-erability of a monoclonal antibody inhibitor of PCSK9 in subjects with hypercho-lesterolemia on background statin therapy
    • Kohli P, Desai NR, Giugliano R P, et al. Design and rationale of the LAPLACE-TIMI 57 trial: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effcacy and tol-erability of a monoclonal antibody inhibitor of PCSK9 in subjects with hypercho-lesterolemia on background statin therapy. Clin Cardiol. 2012;35:385-391.
    • (2012) Clin Cardiol. , vol.35 , pp. 385-391
    • Kohli, P.1    Desai, N.R.2    Giugliano, R.P.3
  • 61
    • 84883232230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMG145, a monoclonal antibody against proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9, signifcantly reduces lipoprotein(a) in hypercholesterolemic patients receiving statin therapy: An analysis from the LDL-C Assessment with Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibition Combined with Statin Therapy (LAPLACE)-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 57 trial
    • Desai NR, Kohli P, Giugliano R P, et al. AMG145, a monoclonal antibody against proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9, signifcantly reduces lipoprotein(a) in hypercholesterolemic patients receiving statin therapy: an analysis from the LDL-C Assessment with Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibition Combined with Statin Therapy (LAPLACE)-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 57 trial. Circulation. 2013;128:962-969.
    • (2013) Circulation. , vol.128 , pp. 962-969
    • Desai, N.R.1    Kohli, P.2    Giugliano, R.P.3
  • 62
    • 84893230270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody against PCSK9, facilitates achievement of National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals among high-risk patients
    • Desai NR, Giugliano R P, Zhou J, et al: AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody against PCSK9, facilitates achievement of National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals among high-risk patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:430-33.
    • (2014) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.63 , pp. 430-433
    • Desai, N.R.1    Giugliano, R.P.2    Zhou, J.3
  • 63
    • 84870494510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effcacy, safety, and tolerability of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 as mono-therapy in patients with hypercholesterolaemia (MENDEL): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study
    • Koren MJ, Scott R, Kim JB, et al. Effcacy, safety, and tolerability of a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 as mono-therapy in patients with hypercholesterolaemia (MENDEL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study. Lancet. 2012;380:1995-2006.
    • (2012) Lancet. , vol.380 , pp. 1995-2006
    • Koren, M.J.1    Scott, R.2    Kim, J.B.3
  • 64
    • 84898599471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effcacy and safety of a fully human monoclonal antibody against PCSK9 as monotherapy for hypercholesterolemia: Results from the MENDEL study, a global phase 2 trial of AMG 145 (abstract)
    • Koren MJ, Scott R, Kim JB, et al. Effcacy and safety of a fully human monoclonal antibody against PCSK9 as monotherapy for hypercholesterolemia: results from the MENDEL study, a global phase 2 trial of AMG 145 (abstract). Circulation. 2012;126:2791.
    • (2012) Circulation. , vol.126 , pp. 2791
    • Koren, M.J.1    Scott, R.2    Kim, J.B.3
  • 65
    • 84869220345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody to pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: The Reduction of LDL-C with PCSK9 Inhibition in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Disorder (RUTHERFORD) randomized trial
    • Raal F, Scott R, Somaratne R, et al. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody to pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: the Reduction of LDL-C with PCSK9 Inhibition in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Disorder (RUTHERFORD) randomized trial. Circulation. 2012;126:2408-2417.
    • (2012) Circulation. , vol.126 , pp. 2408-2417
    • Raal, F.1    Scott, R.2    Somaratne, R.3
  • 66
    • 84869220345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody to pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: The Reduction of LDL-C with PCSK9 Inhibition in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Disorder (RUTHERFORD) randomized trial
    • Raal F, Scott R, Somaratne R, et al. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects of AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody to pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: the Reduction of LDL-C with PCSK9 Inhibition in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Disorder (RUTHERFORD) randomized trial. Circulation. 2012;126:2408-2417.
    • (2012) Circulation. , vol.126 , pp. 2408-2417
    • Raal, F.1    Scott, R.2    Somaratne, R.3
  • 67
    • 84892679366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 52-week results from the Open-Label Study of Long-term Evaluation Against LDL-C (OSLER) Randomized Trial
    • for the OSLER investigators: Effcacy and safety of longer-term administration of evolocumab (AMG 145) in patients with hypercholesterol-emia
    • Koren MJ, Giugliano R P, Raal FJ, et al for the OSLER investigators: Effcacy and safety of longer-term administration of evolocumab (AMG 145) in patients with hypercholesterol-emia. 52-week results from the Open-Label Study of Long-term Evaluation Against LDL-C (OSLER) Randomized Trial. Circulation. 2014;129:234-43.
    • (2014) Circulation. , vol.129 , pp. 234-243
    • Koren, M.J.1    Giugliano, R.P.2    Raal, F.J.3
  • 68
    • 84887164358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the proprotein con-vertase subtilisin/kexin 9 monoclonal antibody, AMG 145, in homozygous familial hypercholesterol-emia
    • Stein EA, Honarpour N, Wasserman SM, et al: Effect of the proprotein con-vertase subtilisin/kexin 9 monoclonal antibody, AMG 145, in homozygous familial hypercholesterol-emia. Circulation. 2013;128:2113-20.
    • (2013) Circulation. , vol.128 , pp. 2113-2120
    • Stein, E.A.1    Honarpour, N.2    Wasserman, S.M.3
  • 69
    • 84898601098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US National Institutes of Health. Further cardiovascular outcomes research with PCSK9 inhibition in subjects with elevated risk (FOURIER) Accessed November 11, 2013
    • US National Institutes of Health. Further cardiovascular outcomes research with PCSK9 inhibition in subjects with elevated risk (FOURIER). Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01764633/. Accessed November 11, 2013.
  • 70
    • 84898599102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of 12 weeks of treatment with RN316 (PF-04950615), a humanized IgG2Δa monoclonal antibody binding proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9, in hypercholesterolemic subjects on high and maximal dose statins (abstract)
    • Gumbiner B, Joh T, Udata C, et al. Effects of 12 weeks of treatment with RN316 (PF-04950615), a humanized IgG2Δa monoclonal antibody binding proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9, in hypercholesterolemic subjects on high and maximal dose statins (abstract). Circulation. 2012;126:2782.
    • (2012) Circulation. , vol.126 , pp. 2782
    • Gumbiner, B.1    Joh, T.2    Udata, C.3
  • 71
    • 84864413267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annexin A2 is a natural extrahepatic inhibitor of the PCSK9-induced LDL receptor degradation
    • Seidah NG, Poirier S, Denis M, et al. Annexin A2 is a natural extrahepatic inhibitor of the PCSK9-induced LDL receptor degradation. PLoS One. 2012;7:e41865.
    • (2012) PLoS One. , vol.7
    • Seidah, N.G.1    Poirier, S.2    Denis, M.3
  • 72
    • 57649129016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annexin A2 is a C-terminal PCSK9-binding protein that regulates endogenous low density lipoprotein receptor levels
    • Mayer G, Poirier S, Seidah NG. Annexin A2 is a C-terminal PCSK9-binding protein that regulates endogenous low density lipoprotein receptor levels. J Biol Chem. 2008;283:31791-31801.
    • (2008) J Biol Chem. , vol.283 , pp. 31791-31801
    • Mayer, G.1    Poirier, S.2    Seidah, N.G.3
  • 73
    • 56649086377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berberine decreases PCSK9 expression in HepG2 cells
    • Cameron J, Ranheim T, Kulseth MA, et al. Berberine decreases PCSK9 expression in HepG2 cells. Atherosclerosis. 2008;201:266-273.
    • (2008) Atherosclerosis. , vol.201 , pp. 266-273
    • Cameron, J.1    Ranheim, T.2    Kulseth, M.A.3
  • 74
    • 19944374769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins
    • Kong W, Wei J, Abidi P, et al. Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins. Nat Med. 2004;10:1344-1351.
    • (2004) Nat Med. , vol.10 , pp. 1344-1351
    • Kong, W.1    Wei, J.2    Abidi, P.3
  • 75
    • 47149089693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of simvastatin with berberine improves the lipid-lowering effcacy
    • Kong WJ, Wei J, Zuo ZY, et al. Combination of simvastatin with berberine improves the lipid-lowering effcacy. Metabolism. 2008;57:1029-1037.
    • (2008) Metabolism. , vol.57 , pp. 1029-1037
    • Kong, W.J.1    Wei, J.2    Zuo, Z.Y.3
  • 76
    • 84868359439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol-lowering action of BNA based antisense oligonucleotides targeting PCSK9 in atherogenic diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice
    • Yamamoto T, Harada-Shiba M, Nakatani M, et al. Cholesterol-lowering action of BNA based antisense oligonucleotides targeting PCSK9 in atherogenic diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2012;1:e22.
    • (2012) Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. , vol.1
    • Yamamoto, T.1    Harada-Shiba, M.2    Nakatani, M.3
  • 77
    • 84856517940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCSK9 LNA antisense oligonucle-otides induce sustained reduction of LDL cholesterol in nonhuman primates
    • Lindholm MW, Elmén J, Fisker N, et al. PCSK9 LNA antisense oligonucle-otides induce sustained reduction of LDL cholesterol in nonhuman primates. Mol Ther. 2012;20:376-381.
    • (2012) Mol Ther. , vol.20 , pp. 376-381
    • Lindholm, M.W.1    Elmén, J.2    Fisker, N.3
  • 78
    • 84898597905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. Alnylam reports positive clinical results for ALN-PCS an RNAi therapeutic targeting PCSK9 for the treatment of severe hypercholesterolemia. [Alnylam Pharmaceutical Press Release website] Accessed April 14, 2013
    • Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. Alnylam reports positive clinical results for ALN-PCS, an RNAi therapeutic targeting PCSK9 for the treatment of severe hypercholesterolemia. [Alnylam Pharmaceutical Press Release website]. Available at: http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=148005&p=irol- newsArticle2&ID=1685443&highlight=. Accessed April 14, 2013.
  • 80
    • 84872473017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCSK9 SNP rs11591147 is associated with low cholesterol levels but not with cognitive performance or noncardio-vascular clinical events in an elderly population
    • Postmus I, Trompet S, de Craen AJ, et al. PCSK9 SNP rs11591147 is associated with low cholesterol levels but not with cognitive performance or noncardio-vascular clinical events in an elderly population. J Lipid Res. 2013;54:561-566.
    • (2013) J Lipid Res. , vol.54 , pp. 561-566
    • Postmus, I.1    Trompet, S.2    De Craen, A.J.3
  • 81
    • 84871592782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 defciency reduces melanoma metastasis in liver
    • Sun X, Essalmani R, Day R, et al. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 defciency reduces melanoma metastasis in liver. Neoplasia. 2012;14:1122-1131.
    • (2012) Neoplasia. , vol.14 , pp. 1122-1131
    • Sun, X.1    Essalmani, R.2    Day, R.3
  • 82
    • 84888294490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction by inhibition of PCSK9
    • Stein EA: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction by inhibition of PCSK9. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2013;24:510-17.
    • (2013) Curr Opin Lipidol. , vol.24 , pp. 510-517
    • Stein, E.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.