Antidepressant drugs and the risk of suicide in children and adolescents

Pediatric Drugs

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 115-122

  Isacsson, Göran ^a   Rich, Charles L ^b  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; FLUOXETINE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR;

DEPRESSION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INDUSTRY; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; EXTERNAL VALIDITY; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HUMAN; PHYSICIAN; PREDICTIVE VALIDITY; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; SUICIDE; SUICIDE ATTEMPT;

ADOLESCENT; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; CHILD; CLINICAL COMPETENCE; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DRUG LABELING; HUMANS; META-ANALYSIS AS TOPIC; RISK; SUICIDE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84898547924     PISSN: 11745878     EISSN: 11792019     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40272-013-0061-1     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Mann J, Emslie G, Baldessarini R, et al. ACNP task force report on SSRIs and suicidal behavior in youth. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31:473-92.
2. Busch SH, Frank RG, Leslie DL, et al. Antidepressants and suicide risk: how did specific information in FDA safety warnings affect treatment patterns? Psychiatr Serv. 2010;61:11-6.
3. Isacsson G, Boëthius G, Bergman U. Low level of antidepressant prescription for people who later commit suicide: 15 years of experience from a population-based drug database in Sweden. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992;85:444-8.
4. Isacsson G. Suicide prevention - a medical breakthrough? Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000;102:113-7.
5. Isacsson G, Holmgren A, Osby U, Ahlner J. Decrease in suicide among the individuals treated with antidepressants: a controlled study of antidepressants in suicide, Sweden 1995-2005. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009;120:37-44.
6. Simon GE, Savarino J, Operskalski B, Wang PS. Suicide risk during antidepressant treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:41-7.
7. Busch S, Golberstein E, Meara E. The FDA and ABCS: The unintended consequences of antidepressant warning on human capital. NBER Working Paper Series. 2011. p. 1-48.
8. Brent DA. Antidepressants and pediatric depression - the risk of doing nothing. N Engl J Med. 2004;14(351):1598-601.
9. Jellinek MS, Snyder JB. Depression and suicide in children and adolescents. Pediatr Rev/Am Acad Pediatr. 1998;19:255-64.
10. Merikangas KR, He JP, Burstein M, et al. Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;49:980-9.
11. Whittington CJ, Kendall T, Fonagy P, Cottrell D, Cotgrove A, Boddington E. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood depression: systematic review of published versus unpublished data. Lancet. 2004;24(363):1341-5.
12. von Knorring AL, Olsson GI, Thomsen PH, Lemming OM, Hulten A. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of citalopram in adolescents with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;26:311-5.
13. Wagner KD, Jonas J, Findling RL, Ventura D, Saikali K. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram in the treatment of pediatric depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45:280-8.
14. Moreno C, Arango C, Parellada M, Shaffer D, Bird H. Antidepressants in child and adolescent depression: where are the bugs? Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007;115:184-95.
15. March J, Silva S, Petrycki S, et al. Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;18(292):807-20.
16. Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997;54:1031-7.
17. Emslie GJ, Heiligenstein JH, Wagner KD, et al. Fluoxetine for acute treatment of depression in children and adolescents: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41:1205-15.
18. Gibbons RD, Hur K, Brown CH, Davis JM, Mann JJ. Benefits from antidepressants: synthesis of 6-week patient-level outcomes from double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trials of fluoxetine and venlafaxine. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;5(69):572-9.
19. Duff G. Safety of Seroxat (paroxetine) in children and adolescents under 18 years - contraindication in the treatment of depressive illness. In: MHRA, editor. Message from professor G Duff, Chairman of Committee on Safety of Medicines; 2003.
20. Barry CL, Busch SH. News coverage of FDA warnings on pediatric antidepressant use and suicidality. Pediatrics. 2010;125:88-95.
21. Hammad A. Review and evaluation of clinical data. FDA; 2004 [updated 2004; cited 2013 Oct 17]. http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/04/briefing/2004- 4065b1-10-tab08-hammads-review.pdf.
22. Isacsson G, Rich CL. Antidepressant drug use and suicide prevention. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2005;17:153-62.
23. Ludwig J, Marcotte DE. Anti-depressants, suicide, and drug regulation. J Policy Anal Manag. 2005;24:249-72.
24. Isacsson G, Holmgren P, Ahlner J. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and the risk of suicide: a controlled forensic database study of 14,857 suicides. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005;111:286-90.
25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2013 [updated 2013; cited 2013 Oct 17]. http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/facts.html.
26. Olfson M, Shaffer D, Marcus SC, Greenberg T. Relationship between antidepressant medication treatment and suicide in adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:978-82.
27. Gibbons RD, Hur K, Bhaumik DK, Mann JJ. The relationship between antidepressant prescription rates and rate of early adolescent suicide. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;2006(163):1898-904.
28. Leon AC, Marzuk PM, Tardiff K, Bucciarelli A, Markham Piper T, Galea S. Antidepressants and youth suicide in New York City, 1999-2002. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45:1054-8.
29. Moskos M, Olson L, Halbern S, Keller T, Gray D. Utah youth suicide study: psychological autopsy. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2005;35:536-46.
30. Sondergard L, Kvist K, Andersen PK, Kessing LV. Do antidepressants precipitate youth suicide? A nationwide pharmacoepidemiological study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;15:232-40.
31. Dudley M, Goldney R, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. Are adolescents dying by suicide taking SSRI antidepressants? A review of observational studies. Australas Psychiatry. 2010;18:242-5.
32. Gibbons RD, Brown CH, Hur K, et al. Early evidence on the effects of regulators' suicidality warnings on SSRI prescriptions and suicide in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:1356-63.
33. Grunbaum JA, Kann L, Kinchen SA, et al. Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2001. J Sch Health. 2002;72:313-28.
34. Weisberg HI, Hayden VC, Pontes VP. Selection criteria and generalizability within the counterfactual framework: explaining the paradox of antidepressant-induced suicidality? Clin Trials. 2009;6:109-18.
35. Libby AM, Brent DA, Morrato EH, Orton HD, Allen R, Valuck RJ. Decline in treatment of pediatric depression after FDA advisory on risk of suicidality with SSRIs. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:884-91.
36. Libby AM, Orton HD, Valuck RJ. Persisting decline in depression treatment after FDA warnings. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66:633-9.
37. Nemeroff CB, Kalali A, Keller MB, et al. Impact of publicity concerning pediatric suicidality data on physician practice patterns in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:466-72.
38. Olfson M, Marcus SC, Druss BG. Effects of Food and Drug Administration warnings on antidepressant use in a national sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65:94-101.
39. Tournier M, Greenfield B, Galbaud du Fort G, et al. Patterns of antidepressant use in Quebec children and adolescents: trends and predictors. Psychiatry Res. 2010;179:57-63.
40. Dean AJ, Hendy A, McGuire T. Antidepressants in children and adolescents - changes in utilisation after safety warnings. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007;16:1048-53.
41. Isacsson G, Ahlner J. Antidepressants and the risk of suicide in young persons - prescription trends and toxicological analyses. Acta Psychiatr Scand. e-published ahead of print. Open access: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10. 1111/acps.12160/pdf. Accepted 17 June 2013.
42. Wheeler BW, Gunnell D, Metcalfe C, Stephens P, Martin RM. The population impact on incidence of suicide and non-fatal self harm of regulatory action against the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in under 18 s in the United Kingdom: ecological study. BMJ. 2008;8(336):542-5.
43. Murray ML, Thompson M, Santosh PJ, Wong IC. Effects of the Committee on Safety of Medicines advice on antidepressant prescribing to children and adolescents in the UK. Drug Saf Int J Med Toxicol Drug Exp. 2005;28:1151-7.
44. Wijlaars LP, Nazareth I, Petersen I. Trends in depression and antidepressant prescribing in children and adolescents: a cohort study in The Health Improvement Network (THIN). PLoS One. 2012;7:e33181.
45. Bridge JA, Greenhouse JB, Weldon AH, Campo JV, Kelleher KJ. Suicide trends among youths aged 10 to 19 years in the United States, 1996-2005. JAMA. 2008;300:1025-6.
46. Katz LY, Kozyrskyj AL, Prior HJ, Enns MW, Cox BJ, Sareen J. Effect of regulatory warnings on antidepressant prescription rates, use of health services and outcomes among children, adolescents and young adults. CMAJ. 2008;8(178):1005-11.
47. Vitiello B, Silva SG, Rohde P, et al. Suicidal events in the treatment for adolescents with depression study (TADS). J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70:741-7.
48. Gibbons RD, Brown CH, Hur K, Davis JM, Mann JJ. Suicidal thoughts and behavior with antidepressant treatment: reanalysis of the randomized placebo-controlled studies of fluoxetine and venlafaxine. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012;9(69):580-7.
49. Teicher MH, Glod C, Cole JO. Emergence of intense suicidal preoccupation during fluoxetine treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147:207-10.
50. Busch S, Golberstein E, Meara E. The FDA and ABCs: The unintended consequences of antidepressant warnings on human capital. NBER Working Paper Series. 2011. p. 1-48.
51. Leon AC. The revised black box warning for antidepressants sets a public health experiment in motion. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68:1139-41.