Hypoxia in the Baltic Sea: Biogeochemical cycles, benthic fauna, and management

Ambio

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 26-36

  Carstensen, Jacob ^a   Conley, Daniel J ^b   Bonsdorff, Erik ^c   Gustafsson, Bo G ^d   Hietanen, Susanna ^e   Janas, Urzsula ^f   Jilbert, Tom ^g   Maximov, Alexey ^h   Norkko, Alf ⁱ   Norkko, Joanna ⁱ   Reed, Daniel C ^g   Slomp, Caroline P ^g   Timmermann, Karen ^a   Voss, Maren ^j  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c ÅBO AKADEMI UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

^d STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^e UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^f UNIVERSITY OF GDA SK   (Poland)

^g UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^h ZOOLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^j LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR BALTIC SEA RESEARCH   (Germany)

more..

Author keywords

Climate change; Ecosystem recovery; Ecosystem services; Eutrophication; Nutrient management; Regime shift

Indexed keywords

NITROGEN; OXYGEN; PHOSPHORUS; SEA WATER;

ARTICLE; BALTIC STATES; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM; EUTROPHICATION; SEA; SEDIMENT;

BALTIC STATES; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM; EUTROPHICATION; GEOLOGIC SEDIMENTS; NITROGEN; OCEANS AND SEAS; OXYGEN; PHOSPHORUS; SEAWATER;

EID: 84898404596     PISSN: 00447447     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13280-013-0474-7     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Aller, R.C., and J.Y. Aller. 1998. The effect of biogenic irrigation intensity and solute exchange on diagenetic reaction rates in marine sediments. Journal of Marine Research 56: 905-936.
2. Arroyo, N.L., K. Aarnio, M. Mäensivu, and E. Bonsdorff. 2012. Drifting algal mats disturb sediment fauna: Impacts on macromeiofaunal interactions. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 420-421: 77-90.
3. Bonsdorff, E., and T.H. Pearson. 1999. Variation in the sublittoral macrozoobenthos of the Baltic Sea along environmental gradients: A functional-group approach. Australian Journal of Ecology 24: 312-326.
4. Braeckman, U., P. Provoost, B. Gribsholt, D. van Gansbeke, J.J. Middelburg, K. Soetaert, M. Vincx, and J. Vanaverbeke. 2010. Role ofmacrofauna functional traits and density in biogeochemical fluxes and bioturbation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 399: 173-186.
5. Brettar, I., and G. Rheinheimer. 1991. Denitrification in the central Baltic: Evidence for H2S-oxidation as motor of denitrification at the oxic-anoxic interface. Marine Ecology Progress Series 77: 157-169.
6. Cederwall, H., and R. Elmgren. 1980. Biomass increase of benthic macrofauna demonstrates eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. Ophelia Supplement I: 287-304.
7. Cederwall, H., and R. Elmgren. 1990. Biological effects of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, particularly the coastal zone. AMBIO 19: 109-112.
8. Conley, D.J. 2012. Saving the Baltic Sea. Nature 486: 463-464.
9. Conley, D.J., C. Humborg, L. Rahm, O.P. Savchuk, and F. Wulff. 2002. Hypoxia in the Baltic. Sea and basin-scale changes in phosphorus biogeochemistry. Environmental Science and Technology 36: 5315-5320. doi: 10.1021/es025763w.
10. Conley, D.J., S. Bjork, E. Bonsdorff, J. Carstensen, G. Destouni, B.G. Gustafsson, S. Hietanen, M. Kortekaas, et al. 2009a. Hypoxiarelated processes in the Baltic Sea. Environmental Science and Technology 43: 3412-3420.
11. Conley, D.J., E. Bonsdorff, J. Carstensen, G. Destouni, B.G. Gustafsson, L.-A. Hansson, N.N. Rabalais, M. Voss, et al. 2009b. Tackling hypoxia in the Baltic Sea. Is engineering a solution? Environmental Science and Technology 43: 3407-3411.
12. Conley, D.J., J. Carstensen, J. Aigars, P. Axe, E. Bonsdorff, T. Eremina, B.M. Haahti, C. Humborg, et al. 2011. Hypoxia is increasing in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. Environmental Science and Technology 45: 6777-6783.
13. Dale, A.W., S. Sommer, L. Bohlen, T. Treude, V.J. Bertics, H.W. Bange, O. Pfannkuche, T. Schorp, et al. 2011. Rates and regulation of nitrogen cycling in seasonally hypoxic sediments during winter (Boknis Eck, SW Baltic Sea): Sensitivity to environmental variables. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 95: 14-28.
14. Dalsgaard, T., L. Brabandere, and P.O.J. Hall. 2013. Denitrification in the water column of the central Baltic Sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 106: 247-260. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2012.12.038, 2013.
15. Diaz, R.J., and R. Rosenberg. 2008. Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. Science 321: 926-929.
16. Fonselius, S., and J. Valderama. 2003. One hundred years of hydrographic measurements in the Baltic Sea. Journal of Sea Research 49: 229-241.
17. Gustafsson, B.G., and A. Stigebrandt. 2007. Dynamics of nutrients and oxygen/hydrogen sulfide in the Baltic Sea deep water. Journal of Geophysical Research 112: G02023. doi:10.1029/2006JG000304.
18. Gustafsson, B.G., F. Schenk, T. Blenckner, K. Eilola, H.E.M. Meier, B. Müller-Karulis, T. Neumann, T. Ruoho-Airola, et al. 2012. Reconstructing the development of Baltic Sea eutrophication. AMBIO 41: 534-548.
19. HELCOM. 2007. HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan, 102. http://www.helcom.fi.
20. HELCOM. 2013. Approaches and methods for eutrophication target setting in the Baltic Sea region. Baltic Sea Environmental Proceedings No. 133. http://www.helcom.fi.
21. Hietanen, S. 2007. Anammox in the sediments of the Gulf of Finland. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 48: 197-205.
22. Hietanen, S., and K. Lukkari. 2007. Effects of short-term anoxia on benthic denitrification, nutrient fluxes and phosphorus forms in coastal Baltic sediment. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 49: 293-302.
23. Hietanen, S., and J. Kuparinen. 2008. Seasonal and short-term variation in denitrification and anammox at a coastal station on the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Hydrobiologia 596: 67-77. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9058-5.
24. Hietanen, S., H. Jäntti, C. Buizert, K. Jürgens, M. Labrenz, M. Voss, and J. Kuparinen. 2012. Hypoxia and nitrogen processing in the Baltic Sea water column. Limnology and Oceanography 57: 325-337.
25. Ingall, E.D., and R. Jahnke. 1994. Evidence for enhanced phosphorus regeneration from marine sediments overlain by oxygen depleted waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58: 2571-2575.
26. Jäntti, H., and S. Hietanen. 2012. The effects of hypoxia on sediment nitrogen cycling in the Baltic Sea. AMBIO 41: 161-169.
27. Jäntti, H., F. Stange, E. Leskinen, and S. Hietanen. 2011. Seasonal variation in nitrification and nitrate-reduction pathways in coastal sediments in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 63: 171-181.
28. Jilbert, T., and C.P. Slomp. 2013. Iron and manganese shuttles control the formation of authigenic phosphorus minerals in the euxinic basins of the Baltic Sea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 107: 155-169. doi:10.1016/j.gca. 2013.01.005.
29. Jilbert, T., C.P. Slomp, B.G. Gustafsson, and W. Boer. 2011. Beyond the Fe-P-redox connection: Preferential regeneration of phosphorus from organic matter as a key control on Baltic Sea nutrient cycles. Biogeosciences 8: 1699-1720. doi:10.5194/bg-8-1699-2011.
30. Josefson, A.B., J. Norkko, and A. Norkko. 2012. Burial and decomposition of plant pigments in surface sediments of the Baltic Sea-role of oxygen and benthic fauna. Marine Ecology Progress Series 455: 33-49.
31. Kabel, K., M. Moros, C. Porsche, T. Neumann, F. Adolphi, T.J. Andersen, H. Siegel, M. Gerth, et al. 2012. Impact of climate change on the Baltic Sea ecosystem over the past 1000 years. Nature Climate Change 2: 871-874.
32. Karlson, K., R. Rosenberg, and E. Bonsdorff. 2002. Temporal and spatial large-scale effects of eutrophication and oxygen deficiency on benthic fauna in Scandinavian and Baltic waters-a review. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 40: 427-489.
33. Karlson, K., E. Bonsdorff, and R. Rosenberg. 2007. The impact of benthic macrofauna for nutrient fluxes from Baltic Sea sediments. AMBIO 36: 161-167.
34. Kivi, K., S. Kaitala, H. Kuosa, J. Kuparinen, E. Leskinen, R. Lignell, B. Marcussen, and T. Tamminen. 1993. Nutrient limitation and grazing control of the Baltic plankton community during annual succession. Limnology and Oceanography 38: 893-905.
35. Matthäus, W., D. Nehring, R. Feistel, G. Nausch, V. Mohrholz, and H.U. Lass. 2008. The inflow of highly saline water into the Baltic Sea. In State and evolution of the Baltic Sea, 1952-2005, ed. R. Feistel, G. Nausch, and N. Wasmund, 265-309. Hoboken: Wiley.
36. Maximov, A.A. 2011. Large-scale invasion of Marenzelleria spp. (Polychaeta; Spionidae) in the eastern Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 2: 11-19.
37. Maximov, A.A., T.R. Eremina, E.K. Lange, L.F. Litvinchuk, and O.B. Maximova. in press. Regime shift in ecosystem of the eastern Gulf of Finland due to invasion of polychaetes Marenzelleria arctia. Oceanology. doi: 10.7868/S0030157413060063.
38. Meier, H.E.M. 2007. Modeling the pathways and ages of inflowing salt-and freshwater in the Baltic Sea. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science 74: 610-627.
39. Meier, H.E.M., H.C. Andersson, K. Eilola, B.G. Gustafsson, I. Kuznetzov, B. Müller-Karulis, T. Neumann, and O.P. Savchuk. 2011. Hypoxia in future climates: A model ensemble study for the Baltic Sea. Geophysical Research Letters 38: L24608. doi:10.1029/2011GL049929.
40. Mort, H.P., C.P. Slomp, B.G. Gustafsson, and T.J. Andersen. 2010. Phosphorus recycling and burial in Baltic Sea sediments with contrasting redox conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74: 1350-1362.
41. Nielsen, O.I., B. Gribsholt, E. Kristensen, and N.P. Revsbech. 2004. Microscale distribution of oxygen and nitrate in sediment inhabited by Nereis diversicolor: Spatial patterns and estimated reaction rates. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 34: 23-32.
42. Norkko, A., A. Villnäs, J. Norkko, S. Valanko, and C. Pilditch. 2013. Size matters: Implications of the loss of large individuals for ecosystem function. Scientific Reports 3: 2646. doi:10.1038/srep02646.
43. Norkko, J., A. Norkko, S.F. Thrush, S. Valanko, and H. Suurkuukka. 2010. Conditional responses to increasing scales of disturbance, and potential implications for threshold dynamics in softsediment communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 413: 253-266.
44. Norkko, J., D.C. Reed, K. Timmermann, A. Norkko, B.G. Gustafsson, E. Bonsdorff, C.P. Slomp, J. Carstensen, et al. 2012. A welcome can of wormš Hypoxia mitigation by an invasive species. Global Change Biology 18: 422-434.
45. Österblom, H., S. Hansson, U. Larsson, O. Hjerne, F. Wulff, R. Elmgren, and C. Folke. 2007. Human induced trophic cascades and ecological regime shifts in the Baltic Sea. Ecosystems 10: 877-889.
46. Papaspyrou, S., T. Gregersen, R.P. Cox, M. Thessalou-Legaki, and E. Kristensen. 2005. Sediment properties and bacterial community in burrows of the ghost shrimp Pestarella tyrrhena (Decapoda: Thalassinidea). Aquatic Microbial Ecology 38: 181-190.
47. Pearson, T.H., and R. Rosenberg. 1978. Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 16: 229-311.
48. Rabalais, N.N., R.J. Díaz, L.A. Levin, R.E. Turner, D. Gilbert, and J. Zhang. 2010. Dynamics and distribution of natural and humancaused hypoxia. Biogeosciences 7: 585-619.
49. Reed, D.C., C.P. Slomp, and B.G. Gustafsson. 2011. Sedimentary phosphorus dynamics and the evolution of bottom-water hypoxia: A coupled benthic-pelagic model of a coastal system. Limnology and Oceanography 56: 1075-1092. doi:10.4319/lo. 2011.56.3.1075.
50. Reinholdsson, M., I. Snowball, L. Zillén, C. Lenz, and D.J. Conley. 2013. Magnetic enhancement of Baltic Sea sapropels by greigite magnetofossils. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 366: 137-150.
51. Reissmann, J.H., H. Burchard, R. Feistel, E. Hagen, H.U. Lass, V. Mohrholz, G. Nausch, L. Umlauf, et al. 2009. Vertical mixing in the Baltic Sea and consequences for eutrophication: A review. Progress in Oceanography 82: 47-80.
52. Savchuk, O.P., F. Wulff, S. Hille, C. Humborg, and F. Pollehne. 2008. The Baltic Sea a century ago-a reconstruction from model simulations, verified by observations. Journal of Marine Systems 74: 485-494.
53. Segerstråle, S.G. 1957. Baltic Sea. Geological Society of America Memoirs 67: 751-800.
54. Solan, M., B.J. Cardinale, A.L. Downing, K.A.M. Engelhardt, J.L. Ruesink, and D.S. Srivastava. 2004. Extinction and ecosystem function in the marine benthos. Science 306: 1177-1180.
55. Steenbergh, A.K., P.L.E. Bodelier, H.L. Hoogveld, C.P. Slomp, and H.J. Laanbroek. 2011. Phosphatases relieve carbon limitation of microbial activity in Baltic Sea sediments along a redoxgradient. Limnology and Oceanography 56: 2018-2026. doi:10.4319/lo.2011.56.6.2018.
56. Steenbergh, A.K., P.L.E. Bodelier, M. Heldal, C.P. Slomp, and H.J. Laanbroek. 2013. Does microbial stoichiometry modulate eutrophication of aquatic ecosystemš Environmental Microbiology 15: 1572-1579. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12042.
57. Stigebrandt, A., and B.G. Gustafsson. 2007. Improvement of Baltic Proper water quality using large-scale ecological engineering. AMBIO 36: 280-286.
58. Tamminen, T., and T. Andersen. 2007. Seasonal phytoplankton nutrient limitation patterns as revealed by bioassays over Baltic Sea gradients of salinity and eutrophication. Marine Ecology Progress Series 340: 121-138.
59. Timmermann, K., J. Norkko, U. Janas, A. Norkko, B.G. Gustafsson, and E. Bonsdorff. 2012. Modelling macrofaunal biomass in relation to hypoxia and nutrient loading. Journal of Marine Systems 105-108: 60-69.
60. Törnroos, A.M., and E. Bonsdorff. 2012. Developing the multitrait concept for functional diversity: Lessons from a system rich in functions but poor in species. Ecological Applications 22: 2221-2236.
61. Tuominen, L., A. Heinänen, J. Kuparinen, and L.P. Nielsen. 1998. Spatial and temporal variability of denitrification in the sediments of the northern Baltic Proper. Marine Ecology Progress Series 172: 13-24.
62. Vahtera, E., D.J. Conley, B.G. Gustafsson, H. Kuosa, H. Pitkänen, O.P. Savchuk, T. Tamminen, M. Viitasalo, et al. 2007. Internal ecosystem feedbacks enhance nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria blooms and complicate management in the Baltic Sea. AMBIO 36: 186-193.
63. Villnäs, A., and A. Norkko. 2011. Benthic diversity gradients and shifting baselines: Implications for assessing environmental status. Ecological Applications 21: 2172-2186.
64. Villnäs, A., J. Norkko, K. Lukkari, J.E. Hewitt, and A. Norkko. 2012. Consequences of increasing hypoxic disturbance on benthic communities and ecosystem functioning. PLoS ONE 7: e44920.
65. Villnäs, A., J. Norkko, S. Hietanen, A.B. Josefson, K. Lukkari, and A. Norkko. 2013. The role of recurrent disturbances for ecosystem multifunctionality. Ecology 94: 2275-2287.
66. Virtasalo, J.J., E. Bonsdorff, M. Moros, K. Kabel, A.T. Kotilainen, D. Ryabchuk, A. Kallonen, and K. Hämäläinen. 2011. Ichnological trends along an open-water transect across a large marginalmarine epicontinental basin, the modern Baltic Sea. Sedimentary Geology 241: 40-51.
67. Voss, M., J. Dippner, C. Humborg, F. Korth, T. Neumann, J. Hürdler, G. Schernewski, and M. Venohr. 2011. History and scenarios of future development of Baltic Sea eutrophication. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 92: 307-322. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.037.
68. Ward, B.B., D.G. Capone, and J.P. Zehr. 2007. Whats new in the nitrogen cycle? Oceanography 20: 101-109.
69. Wasmund, N., M. Voss, and K. Lochte. 2001. Annual nitrogen fixation patterns in the Baltic Proper. Marine Ecology Progress Series 214: 1-14.
70. Wenzhö fer, F., and R.N. Glud. 2004. Small-scale spatial and temporal variability in coastal benthic O2 dynamics: Effects of fauna activity. Limnology and Oceanography 49: 1471-1481.
71. Zillén, L., and D.J. Conley. 2010. Hypoxia and cyanobacteria blooms-are they really natural features of the late Holocene history of the Baltic Sea? Biogeoscience 7: 2567-2580. doi:10.5194/bg-7-2567-2010.
72. Zillén, L., D.J. Conley, T. Andren, E. Andren, and S. Bjorck. 2008. Past occurrences of hypoxia in the Baltic Sea and the role of climate variability, environmental change and human impact. Earth Science Reviews 91: 77-92.