Nuclear first strike: Consequences of a Broken Taboo

Nuclear First Strike: Consequences of a Broken Taboo

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-159

  Quester, George H ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84898259618     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (266)

1. Samuel Glasstone and Philip J. Dolan, The Effects of Nuclear Weapons (Washington, D.C.: Department of Defense and Energy Research and Development Administration, 1977).
2. Donald J. Kagan, Eliot Cohen, Charles Doran, and Michael Mandelbaum, "Is Major War Obsolete?" Survival 41, no. 2 (Summer 1999): 139-152
3. William Arkin, Damien Durrant, and Hans Kristenson, "Nuclear Weapons Headed for the Trash," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 47, no. 10 (December 1991): 14-19
4. John Ikenberry After Victory (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001)
5. Christopher Layne, "From Preponderance to Offshore Balance," International Security 22, no. 1 (Summer 1991): 86-124
6. Robert Jervis, "The Future of World Politics: Will It Resemble the Past?" International Security 16, no. 3 (Winter 1991-1992): 39-73.
7. Peter Lavoy Scott Sagan, and James Wirtz, Planning the Unthinkable (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2000).
8. Dale C. Copeland, "Economic Interdependence and War," International Security 20, no. 4 (Spring 1990): 86-124.
9. John Mueller, Retreat from Doomsday: The Obsolescence of Modern War (New York: Basic Books, 1989)
10. Eugene Gholz, Daryl G. Press, and Harvey Sapolsky "Come Home, America," International Security 21, no. 4 (Spring 1997): 5-48.
11. Richard K. Betts, "Systems for Peace or Causes of War?: Collective Security, Arms Control and the New Europe," International Security 17, no. 1 (Summer 1992): 5-43
12. John Mearsheimer, "The False Promise of International Institutions," International Security 19, no. 3 (Winter 1994-1995): 5-49.
13. Fred C. Ikle, "The Second Coming of the Nuclear Age," Foreign Affairs 75, no. 1 (January 1996): 119-128
14. Robert Jervis, "International Primacy: Is the Game Worth the Candle?" International Security 17, no. 4 (Spring 1993): 52-67.
15. Ashok Kapur, India's Nuclear Option (New York: Praeger, 1976)
16. Ashok Kapur, Pakistan's Nuclear Development (New York: Croom Helm, 1987).
17. "Reinventing War," Foreign Policy, no. 127 (November-December 2001): 30-47
18. Bruno Tertrais, ed., Nuclear Issues in the Post-September 11 Era (in English) (Paris: Fondation pour la Recherche Strategique, 2003).
19. Rick Atkinson, Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1993), p. 86.
20. Joseph Cirincione, "Can Preventive War Cure Proliferation?" Foreign Policy, no. 137 (July-August 2003): 66-69.
21. Kenneth Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Be Better, Adelphi Paper No. 171 (London: IISS, 1981).
22. Michael Mazarr, North Korea and the Bomb (New York: Macmillan, 1995).
23. Shawn Burnie and Aileen Mioko Smith, "Japan's Nuclear Twilight Zone," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 57, no. 3 (May-June 2001): 58-62.
24. Yair Evron, Israel's Nuclear Dilemma (New York: Routledge, 1994).
25. George Perkovich, Dealing with Iran's Nuclear Challenge (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003).
26. Ivo Daalder, The Nature and Practice of Flexible Response (New York: Columbia University Press, 1991).
27. Robert S. Ross, "The 1995-1996 Taiwan Strait Confrontation: Coercion, Credibility and the Use of Force," International Security 25 no. 2 (Fall 2000): 87-123.
28. Avery Goldstein, Deterrence and Security in the 21st Century (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2000).
29. Alastair Iain Johnston, "China's New 'Old Thinking': The Concept of Limited Deterrence," International Security 20, no. 3 (Winter 1995-1996): 5-42.
30. Joseph Cirincione et al., Deadly Arsenals: Tracking Weapons of Mass Destruction (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2000).
31. Glenn Snyder, Deterrence and Defense (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1961).
32. Lee Edwards, Media Politik: How the Mass Media Have Transformed the World (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2001).
33. Barry R. Posen, "U.S. Security Policy in a Nuclear Armed World," in Victor Utgoff, ed., The Coming Crisis: Nuclear Proliferation, U.S. Interests, and World Order (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000): 157-190.
34. Peter Gizewski, "From Winning Weapon to Destroyer of the World: The Nuclear Taboo in International Politics," International Journal 51 no. 3 (Summer 1996): 397-419
35. Richard Price and Nina Tannenwald, "Norms and Deterrence: The Nuclear and Chemical Weapons Taboos," in Peter Katzenstein, ed., The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996): 114-152
36. T. V. Paul, "Nuclear Taboo and War," Journal of Conflict Resolution 39 no. 4 (December 1995): 696-717
37. Robert Jervis, The Meaning of the Nuclear Revolution (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1989).
38. Nicholas Rostow, "The World Health Organization, the International Court of Justice, and Nuclear Weapons," Yale Journal of International Law 20, no. 1 (Winter 1995): 151-185
39. Saul Mendlovitz and Peter Weiss, "Judging the Legitimacy of Nuclear Weapons," Arms Control Today 26, no. 1 (February 1996): 10-14.
40. Thomas C. Schelling, "The Legacy of Hiroshima: A Half-Century without Nuclear War," Philosophy and Public Policy 20, nos. 2-3 (Summer 2000): 7-13.
41. Edward Spiers, Chemical Warfare (Champaign-Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986).
42. Harald Muller, "The Internationalization of Principles, Norms and Rules of Governments," in Volker Rittberger, ed., Regime Theory and International Relations (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995): 361-390.
43. José Vegar, "Terrorism's New Breed," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 54, no. 2 (March-April 1998): 50-55.
44. Christopher F. Chyba, "Toward Ecological Security," Foreign Affairs 81, no. 3 (May-June 2002): 122-137.
45. Ron Purver, Chemical and Biological Terrorism: The Threat According to Open Literature (Ottawa: Canadian Security Intelligence Service, 1995)
46. Milton Leitenberg, "The Experience of the Japanese Aum Shinrikyo Cult and Biological Agents," in Brad Roberts, ed., Hype or Reality: The New Terrorism and Mass Casualty Attacks (Alexandria, Va.: Chemical and Biological Arms Control Institute, 2000).
47. Jeffrey Legro, Cooperation Under Fire (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1995).
48. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare (New York: Humanities Press, 1971), Vol. 1, pp. 147-152.
49. George Perkovich, India's Nuclear Bomb (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999).
50. James Blight, The Shattered Crystal Ball (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1990)
51. Richard New Lebow, "Provocative Deterrence: A New Look at the Cuban Missile Crisis," Arms Control Today 18, no. 6 (July-August 1988): 15-16.
52. Avner Cohen, Israel and the Bomb (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998).
53. Anthony Preston, Sea Combat Off the Falklands (London: Willow Books, 1982), pp. 68-69.
54. Marc Dean Millot, Roger Molander, and Peter Wilson, "The Day After⋯" Study: Nuclear Proliferation in the Post-Cold War World (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, 1993).
55. Stephen I. Schwartz, "The New-Nuke Chorus Tunes Up," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 57, no. 4 (July-August 2001): 30-35.
56. Stephen M. Younger, Nuclear Weapons in the Twenty-First Century (Los Alamos, N.M.: Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2000).
57. Perkovich, Dealing with Iran's Nuclear Challenge.
58. Jonathan Tucker, "Preventing the Misuse of Pathogens," Arms Control Today 33, no. 5 (June 2003): 3-10.
59. Scott Sagan, "The Commitment Trap: Why the United States Should Not Use Nuclear Threats to Deter Biological and Chemical Weapons Attacks," International Security 24, no. 4 (Spring 2000): 85-115.
60. T. V. Paul, Power Versus Prudence (Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 2000).
61. Susan Wright, Biological Weapons and Disarmament (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003).
62. Leonard Spector, Going Nuclear (Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger, 1987), p. 222.
63. Robert Newman, and Bradley Thayer, America's Achilles Heel (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998).
64. Bennett Ramberg, Nuclear Power Plants as Weapons for the Enemy: An Unrecognized Military Peril (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984).
65. Richard K. Betts, "Nuclear Proliferation After Osirak," Arms Control Today 11, no. 7 (September 1981): 1-3.
66. Bharat Karnad, Nuclear Weapons and Indian Security (New Delhi: Macmillan India, 2002)
67. Brahma Chellaney, "South Asia's Passage to Nuclear Power," International Security 16, no. 1 (Summer 1991): 43-72.
68. George Bunn and Fritz Steinhager, "Guarding Nuclear Reactors and Material from Terrorists and Thieves," Arms Control Today 31, no. 8 (October 2001): 8-12.
69. Thomas Homer-Dixon, "The Rise of Complex Terrorism," Foreign Policy, no. 121 (January-February 2002): 52-62.
70. William M. Arkin, "Those Lovable Little Bombs," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 49, no. 6 (July-August 1993): 22-27.
71. Rick Atkinson, Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1993), p. 473.
72. Richard Ned Lebow, Between Peace and War (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981).
73. Arnold Horelick and Myron Rush, Strategic Power and Soviet Foreign Policy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966).
74. Sumit Ganguly, "India's Pathway to Pokhran II," International Security 23, no. 4 (Spring 1999): 148-177.
75. John Lewis and Xue Litai, China Builds the Bomb (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1988), pp. 202-203.
76. Spector, Going Nuclear, pp. 25-32.
77. Greg Mella, "That Old Designing Fever," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 56, no. 1 (January-February 2000): 51-57.
78. Andrew Krepinevich and Steven M. Kosiak, "Smarter Bombers, Fewer Nukes," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 54, no. 6 (November-December 1998): 26-32
79. John J. Midgley Deadly Illusion: Arms Policy for the Nuclear Battle (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1986).
80. Marc Dean Millot, Roger Molander, and Peter Wilson, "The Day After⋯" Study: Nuclear Proliferation in the Post-Cold War World (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, 1993).
81. Thomas C. Schelling, The Strategy of Conflict (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960), chap. 8.
82. Jack Mendelsohn, "NATO's Nuclear Weapons: The Rationale for 'No First Use,'" Arms Control Today 29, no. 5 (July-August 1999): 3-8.
83. George Bunn, "Expanding Nuclear Options: Is the U.S. Negating Its Non-Use Pledges?" Arms Control Today 26, no. 4 (May-June 1996): 7-10.
84. Schelling, Strategy of Conflict.
85. Robert S. Ross, "Navigating the Taiwan Strait: Deterrence, Escalation Dominance, and U.S.-China Relations," International Security 27, no. 2 (Fall 2002): 48-85.
86. Senator Carl Levin's, "A Debate Deferred: Missile Defense after the September 11 Attacks," Arms Control Today 31, no. 9 (November 2001): 3-5
87. Dennis Gormley "Enriched Expectations: 11 September's Lessons for Missile Defence," Survival 44, no. 2 (September 2002): 19-35.
88. John McPhee, The Curve of Binding Energy (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1974).
89. Graham Allison, Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe (New York: Times Books/Henry Holt, 2004)
90. Stephen D. Krasner, "The Day After," Foreign Policy, no. 146 (January-February 2005): 68-71.
91. Charles Glaser, "Nuclear Policy Without an Adversary," International Security 16, no. 4 (Spring 1992): 34-78.
92. William C. Martel and Paul L. Savage, Strategic Nuclear War: What the Super Powers Target and Why (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1986).
93. Jessica Stern, "Pakistan's Jihad Culture," Foreign Affairs 29, no. 6 (November-December 2000): 115-126
94. Anatol Lieven, "The Pressures on Pakistan," Foreign Affairs 81, no. 1 (January-February 2002): 106-119.
95. Stephen M. Meyer, "How the Threat (and the Coup) Collapsed," International Security 16, no. 3 (Winter 1991-1992): 5-38.
96. Scott Sagan, The Limits of Safety (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993).
97. Milton Bearden, "Afghanistan, Graveyard of Empires," Foreign Affairs 80, no. 6 (November-December 2001): 17-30
98. Michael O'Hanlon, "A Flawed Masterplan," Foreign Affairs 81, no. 3 (May-June 2002): 47-63.
99. Philip Green, Deadly Logic (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1968)
100. Robert Jervis, Richard Ned Lebow, and Janice Gross Stein, eds., The Psychology of Deterrence (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985)
101. Yehezkel Dror, Crazy States (Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1971).
102. Jon Wolfsthal et al., Nuclear Status Report (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2001).
103. Thomas C. Schelling, "Thinking About Nuclear Terrorism," International Security 6, no. 4 (Spring 1982): 61-77
104. Jessica Stern, The Ultimate Terrorists (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999).
105. William C. Potter, "Nuclear Exports from the Former Soviet Union: What's New, What's True?" Arms Control Today 23, no. 1 (January-February 1993): 3-10.
106. Ehud Sprinzak, "Rational Fanatics," Foreign Policy, no. 120 (September-October 2000): 66-73
107. Jessica Stern, Terror in the Name of God (New York: ECCO, 2003).
108. Misreading the Public: The Myth of a New Isolationism (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999).
109. Millot, Molander, and Wilson, "The Day After⋯" Study.
110. M. Swaine, R. Swanger, and T. Kawaskami, Japan and Ballistic Missile Defense (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, 2001)
111. John Newhouse, "The Missile Defense Debate," Foreign Affairs 80, no. 4 (July-August 2001): 97-109.
112. Dean Wilkening, Ballistic-Missile Defense and Strategic Stability, Adelphi Paper No. 334 (London: IISS, 2000)
113. Charles Glaser and Steven Fetter, "National Missile Defense and the Future of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy," International Security 26, no. 1 (Summer 2001): 40-92
114. James Lindsay et al., Defending America: The Case for Limited National Missile Defense (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2001).
115. Pierre Gallois, The Balance of Terror (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1961).
116. Kenneth Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Be Better, Adelphi Paper No. 171 (London: IISS, 1981).
117. Elliot Abrams, Close Call, Intervention, Terrorism, Missile Defense and "Just War" (Washington, D.C.: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1998).
118. Leonard Beaton and John Mattox, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons (London: Institute for Strategic Studies, 1962), p. 132.
119. Lewis and Xue, China Builds the Bomb, chap. 3.
120. David S. Yost, "French Nuclear Targeting," in Desmond Ball and Jeffrey Richelson, eds., Strategic Nuclear Targeting (Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1986), p. 134.
121. Lewis Dunn, Containing Nuclear Proliferation, Adelphi Paper No. 263 (London: IISS, 1991).
122. Leon Sigal, Disarming Strangers (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998)
123. Selig Harrison, Korean Endgame (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002).
124. Victor D. Cha and David C. Kang, "The Korean Crisis," Foreign Policy, no. 136 (May-June 2003): 20-29.
125. Robert Harkavy in "The Pariah State Syndrome," Orbis 21, no. 4 (Fall 1977): 623-649.
126. Robert Manning, "The United States and the Endgame in Korea," Asian Survey 37, no. 7 (January 1997): 597-608
127. Victor Cha, Alignment Despite Antagonism: The United States-Korea-Japan Security Triangle (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1999).
128. K. Subrahmanyam, "Regional Conflicts and Nuclear Fears," in Herbert Levine and David Carlton, eds., The Nuclear Arms Race Debated (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986).
129. Andrew C. Winner and Tosh Yoshihara, "India and Pakistan at the Edge," Survival 44, no. 3 (Autumn 2002): 69-86.
130. Desmond Ball, "The Development of the SIOP," in Desmond Ball and Jeffrey Richelson, eds., Strategic Nuclear Targeting (Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1986), pp. 57-83.
131. Shai Feldman, "The Attack on Osiraq - Revisited," International Security 7, no. 2 (Fall 1982): 114-142.
132. Anthony Preston, Sea Combat Off the Falklands (London: Willow Books, 1982), pp. 68-69.
133. Ashton Carter, Philip Heymann, Barry Posen, and Stephen Walt in "The Threat of Terrorism: U.S. Policy After September 11," International Security 26, no. 3 (Winter 2001-2002): 5-78.
134. Paul Leventhal and Yonah Alexander, eds., Preventing Nuclear Terrorism (Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1987).
135. William C. Potter, "Before the Deluge? Assessing the Threat of Nuclear Leakage from the Post-Soviet States," Arms Control Today 25, no. 8 (October 1995): 9-16.
136. Peter D. Feaver "Command and Control in Emerging Nuclear Nations," International Security 17, no. 3 (Winter 1992-1993): 160-187.
137. Chris Patten, "Democracy Doesn't Flow from the Barrel of a Gun," Foreign Policy, no. 138 (September-October 2003): 40-45.
138. Frank Ronald Cleminson, "What Happened to Saddam's Weapons of Mass Destruction?" Arms Control Today 33, no. 7 (September 2003): 3-6.
139. John Lewis Gaddis, "Bush's Security Strategy," Foreign Policy, no. 133 (November-December 2002): 50-57
140. Robert Kagan, "The World and President Bush," Survival 43, no. 1 (Spring 2001): 7-16.
141. Jeffrey W. Legro and Andrew Moravcsik, "Faux Realism," Foreign Policy, no. 125 (July-August 2001): 80-82.
142. James P. Rubin, "Stumbling into War," Foreign Affairs 82, no. 5 (September-October 2003): 46-66.
143. George H. Quester, "The Response to Renegade Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction," in Victor Utgoff, ed., The Coming Crisis: Nuclear Proliferation, U.S. Interests and World Order (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000), pp. 227-244.
144. Lee Edwards, Media Politik: How the Mass Media Have Transformed the World (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2001).
145. Herman Kahn, On Escalation (New York: Praeger, 1965).
146. Robert E. Osgood, Limited War: The Challenge to American Strategy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957).
147. Jonathan Stevenson, "How Europe and America Defend Themselves," Foreign Affairs 82, no. 2 (March-April 2003): 75-90
148. Douglas Eden, ed., Europe and the Atlantic Relationship (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000).
149. William Maley The Afghanistan Wars (Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).
150. Hans Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations (New York: Knopf, 1967).
151. Stephen M. Walt, The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987).
152. David Shambaugh, "China's Military Views the World," International Security 24, no. 3 (Winter 1999-2000): 52-79.
153. Stephen M. Walt, "Musclebound: The Limits of U.S. Power," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 55, no. 2 (March-April 1999): 44-48.
154. Robert Trumbull, Nine Who Survived Hiroshima and Nagasaki (New York: Dutton, 1987).
155. Stansfield Turner, Caging the Nuclear Genie (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1997)
156. Jonathan Schell, The Abolition (New York: Knopf, 1984)
157. Michael Mazarr, ed., Nuclear Weapons in a Transformed World (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997)
158. Harold Feiveson, ed., The Nuclear Turning Point (Washington, D.C.; Brookings Institution Press, 1999).
159. Kathleen Bailey, "Why We Have to Keep the Bomb," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 51, no. 1 (January-February 1996): 30-37
160. Robert A. Manning, "The Nuclear Age: The Next Chapter," Foreign Policy, no. 109 (Winter 1997-1998): 70-84.
161. Michael Quinlan, "British Nuclear Policy: Past, Present and Future," in John C. Hopkins and Weixing Hu, eds., Strategic Views from the Second Tier (San Diego: University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, 1994): 125-140.
162. Sydney Drell, James Goodby Raymond Jeanlez, and Robert Peurifoy "A Strategic Choice: New Bunker Busters versus Nonproliferation," Arms Control Today 83, no. 2 (March 2003): 8-10.
163. Mitchell Reiss, Without the Bomb (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988).
164. Ariel E. Levite, "Never Say Never Again: Nuclear Reversal Revisited," International Security 27, no. 3 (Winter 2002-2003): 59-88.
165. Jasjit Singh, ed., Nuclear India (New Delhi: Knowledge World, 1998)
166. K. Subrahmanyam, ed., Security in a Changing World (Delhi: BR Publishing House, 1990).
167. Michael Quinlan, "How Robust Is India-Pakistan Deterrence?" Survival 42, no. 4 (Winter 2000-2001): 141-154.
168. Stephen E. Flynn, "America the Vulnerable," Foreign Affairs 81, no. 1 (January-February 2002): 60-74.
169. Thomas Berger, "From Sword to Chrysanthemum," International Security 17, no. 4 (Spring 1993): 119-150.
170. Andrew Hanami, The Military Might of Modern Japan (Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1998).
171. Selig Harrison, Japan's Nuclear Posture (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1996).
172. M. Kamiya, "Nuclear Japan: Oxymoron or Coming Soon?" Washington Quarterly 26, no. 1 (Winter 2002-2003): 63-75.
173. Benjamin Frankel, ed., Opaque Nuclear Proliferation (London: Frank Cass, 1991).
174. David Gompert, Kenneth Watman, and Dean Wilkening, "Nuclear First Use Revisited," Survival 37, no. 3 (Autumn 1995): 7-26.
175. Bruce C. Blair, Strategic Command and Control (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1985).
176. Paul Leventhal and Yonah Alexander, eds., Nuclear Terrorism: Defining the Threat (Washington, D.C.: Pergamon-Brasseys, 1986).
177. Alexander DeConde, ed., Isolation and Security (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1957).
178. Janice Gross Stein, "Deterrence and Compellence in the Gulf, 1990-1991: A Failed or Impossible Task?" International Security 17, no. 2 (Fall 1992): 147-179.
179. Robert E. Osgood, Ideals and Self-Interest in American Foreign Relations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953).
180. Selig Adler, The Isolationist Impulse (New York: Free Press, 1957).
181. Morton Abramowitz, "Dear Dubya," Foreign Policy, no. 130 (May-June 2002): 78-79.
182. Michael O'Hanlon, "Can High Technology Bring U.S. Troops Home?" Foreign Policy, no. 113 (Winter 1998-1999): 72-86
183. Eugene Gholz, Daryl Press, and Harvey Sapolsky "Come Home, America," International Security 21, no. 4 (Spring 1997): 5-48.
184. Lloyd J. Dumas, Lethal Arrogance: Human Fallibility and Dangerous Technologies (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999).
185. Ken Alibek, Biohazard (New York: Random House, 1999).
186. Janne Nolan, ed., Global Engagement: Cooperation and Security in the 21st Century (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1994).
187. Inis Claude, Power and International Relations (New York: Random House, 1962).
188. Morton Halperin, Limited War in the Nuclear Age (New York: John Wiley, 1963).
189. Rosemary Foot, The Wrong War: American Policy and the Dimensions of the Korean Conflict, 1950-1953 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985).
190. John W. Spanier, The Truman-MacArthur Controversy and the Korean War (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1959).
191. Bernard Brodie, Escalation and the Nuclear Option (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1966).
192. Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky and George Bunn, "The Doctrine of the Nuclear-Weapons States and the Future of Non-Proliferation," Arms Control Today 24, no. 6 (July-August 1994): 3-9.
193. Richard Haas, Intervention (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1996).
194. Glenn Snyder, Deterrence and Defense (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1961).
195. William Epstein, The Last Chance (New York: Free Press, 1976).
196. Ariel E. Levite and Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall, "The Case for Discriminate Force," Survival 44, no. 4 (Winter 2002-2003): 81-98.
197. Michael E. O'Hanlon et al., Protecting the American Homeland (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2002).
198. Richard C. Leone and Greg Anrig, eds., The War on Our Freedoms: Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism (New York: Public Affairs Press, 2003).
199. Guenther Lewy America in Vietnam (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978).
200. Stephen G. Brooks and William C. Wohlfurth, "American Primacy in Perspective," Foreign Affairs 81, no. 4 (July-August 2002): 20-33.
201. Joseph Joffe, "How America Does It," Foreign Affairs 76, no. 5 (September-October 1992): 13-27
202. Robert Kagan, "The Benevolent Empire," Foreign Policy, no. 111 (Summer 1998): 24-35.
203. Mark Strauss, "Attacking Iraq," Foreign Policy, no. 129 (March-April 2002): 14-19
204. John J. Mearsheimer and Stephen M. Walt, "Iraq: The Unnecessary War" Foreign Policy, no. 134 (January-February 2003): 50-59.
205. Joshua Muravchik, The Imperative of American Leadership (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1996).
206. Steven R. Ratner, "International Law: The Trials of Global Norms," Foreign Policy, no. 110 (Spring 1998): 65-81.
207. Henry Kissinger, "The Pitfalls of Universal Jurisdiction," Foreign Affairs 80, no. 4 (July-August 2001): 86-96.
208. Richard Ullmann, "No First Use of Nuclear Weapons," Foreign Affairs 50, no. 4 (July 1972): 669-683.
209. Herman Kahn, On Escalation (New York: Praeger, 1965).
210. David S. Yost, The U.S. and Nuclear Deterrence in Europe, Adelphi Paper No. 326 (London: IISS, 1999).
211. Arnold Horelick and Myron Rush, Strategic Power and Soviet Foreign Policy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966).
212. Hilary Synnott, The Causes and Consequences of South Asia's Nuclear Tests, Adelphi Paper No. 332 (London: IISS, 1999).
213. Ivo Daalder, "Nuclear Weapons in Europe: Why Zero Is Better," Arms Control Today 23, no. 1 (January-February 1993): 15-18.
214. Kurt Guthe, The Nuclear Posture Review: How Is the "New Triad" New? (Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, 2002).
215. Jonathan B. Tucker, "A Farewell to Germs: The U.S. Renunciation of Biological and Toxin Warfare, 1969-1970," International Security 27, no. 1 (Summer 2002): 107-148.
216. David Gompert, Kenneth Watman, and Dean Wilkening, "Nuclear First Use Revisited," Survival 37, no. 3 (Autumn 1995): 7-26.
217. Robert G. Joseph and John Reichart, "The Case for Nuclear Deterrence Today," Orbis 42, no. 1 (Winter 1998): 7-19
218. Robert C. Spulak, "The Case in Favor of U.S. Nuclear Weapons," Parameters 27, no. 1 (Spring 1997): 106-118.
219. Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky "Dismantling the Concept of Weapons of Mass Destruction,'" Arms Control Today 28, no. 3 (April 1998): 3-8.
220. Anthony Preston, Sea Combat Off the Falklands (London: Willow Books, 1982), pp. 68-69.
221. Yair Evron, Israel's Nuclear Dilemma (New York: Routledge, 1994).
222. Thomas C. Schelling, The Strategy of Conflict (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960), chap. 3.
223. Bruce C. Blair, Strategic Command and Control (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1985).
224. Scott D. Sagan, "The Perils of Proliferation: Organization Theory, Deterrence Theory and the Spread of Nuclear Weapons," International Security 18, no. 4 (Spring 1994): 66-107
225. Peter D. Feaver, "Command and Control in Emerging Nuclear Nations," International Security 17, no. 3 (Winter 1992-1993): 160-187.
226. Scott Sagan, The Limits of Safety (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993).
227. Herbert L. Adams, "Human Reliability, Instability, and the Control of Nuclear Weapons," in Hakan Wiberg et al., eds., Inadvertent Nuclear War (New York: Pergamon, 1993), chap. 6
228. Paul Bracken, The Command and Control of Nuclear Weapons (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1983).
229. Charles A. Ziegler and David Jacobson, Spying Without Spies (New York: Praeger, 1995).
230. John Spanier and Eric M. Uslaner, American Foreign Policy and the Democratic Dilemmas (Belmont, Calif.: Brooks/Gage, 1989).
231. Robert Powell, "Nuclear Deterrence Theory, Nuclear Proliferation and National Missile Defense," International Security 27, no. 4 (Spring 2003): 86-118
232. Victor Utgoff, "Proliferation, Missile Defense and American Ambitions," Survival 44, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 85-102.
233. Brigitte Linacos, Robert Y Shapiro, and Pierangolo Isernia, Decision Making in a Glass House: Mass Media, Public Opinion and American and European Foreign Policy in the 21st Century (Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000).
234. Stephen M. Walt, The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1987).
235. Robert E. Osgood, NATO: The Entangling Alliance (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962).
236. Ewan Jamieson, Friend or Ally: New Zealand at Odds with Its Past (New York: Brassey's, 1990).
237. George Lewis, Lisbeth Gronlund, and David Wright, "National Missile Defense: An Indefensible System," Foreign Policy, no. 117 (Winter 1999-2000): 120-131
238. John Newhouse, "The Missile Defense Debate," Foreign Affairs 80, no. 4 (July-August 2001): 97-109.
239. Stephen M. Walt, "Containing Rogues and Renegades: Coalition Strategies and Counter-Proliferation," in Victor Utgoff, ed., The Coming Crisis: Nuclear Proliferation, U.S. Interests and World Order (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000), pp. 191-226.
240. Martha Crenshaw, Terrorism in Context (College Station: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995)
241. Frederick Hacker, Crusaders, Criminals, Crazies (New York: W. W. Norton, 1976).
242. Paul Fussell, "Thank God for the Atomic Bomb," reprinted in Kai Bird and Lawrence Lifschultz, eds., Hiroshima's Shadow (Stoney Creek, Conn.: Pamphleteer's Press, 1998).
243. Schelling, Strategy of Conflict, chap. 3.
244. Robert Norris, "North Korea's Nuclear Program, 2003," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 59, no. 2 (February 2003): 74-78.
245. Rick Atkinson, Crusade: The Untold Story of the Persian Gulf War (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1993).
246. Richard Sokolsky "Demystifying the Nuclear Posture Review," Survival 44, no. 3 (Autumn 2002): 133-148.
247. Steven P. Lee, Morality, Prudence and Nuclear Weapons (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
248. Marc Dean Millot, Rogert Molander, and Peter Wilson, "The Day After⋯" Study: Nuclear Proliferation in the Post-Cold War World (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, 1993).
249. Klaus Knorr and Thornton Read, eds., Limited Strategic War (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1962).
250. Robert S. McNamara, "The Military Role of Nuclear Weapons," Foreign Affairs 62, no. 1 (Fall 1983): 59-80.
251. Edwin Hoyt, Japan's War (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1986).
252. Lewis Dunn, Controlling the Bomb (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1982).
253. "After 11 September," Survival 43, no. 4 (Winter 2001): 5-88.
254. Neil Joeck, Maintaining Nuclear Stability in South Asia, Adelphi Paper No. 312 (London: IISS, 1997).
255. Victor Utgoff, The Challenge of Chemical Weapons (London: Macmillan, 1990).
256. William Walker, "The Risks of Further Testing in South Asia," Arms Control Today 29, no. 6 (September-October 1999): 20-25.
257. John E. Sopko, "The Changing Proliferation Threat," Foreign Policy, no. 105 (Winter 1996-1997): 3-20
258. James Adams, "Virtual Defense," Foreign Affairs 80, no. 3 (May-June 2001): 98-113.
259. Arjun Makitani, "Japan Always the Target," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 51, no. 3 (May-June 1995): 23-27.
260. Marc Dean Millot, Roger Molander, and Peter Wilson, "The Day After"⋯ Study: Nuclear Proliferation in the Post-Cold War World (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, 1993).
261. Peter W. Rodman, "The World's Resentment: Anti-Americanism as a Global Phenomenon," The National Interest, no. 60 (Summer 2000): 33-41.
262. François Heisbourg, "American Hegemony?: Perceptions of the U.S. Abroad," Survival 41, no. 4 (Winter 1999-2000): 5-19.
263. Eric Nordlinger, Isolationism Reconfigured (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1995).
264. Condoleezza Rice, "Promoting the National Interest," Foreign Affairs 79, no. 1 (January-February 2000): 45-62.
265. Millot, Molander, and Wilson, "The Day After⋯" Study.
266. John H. Miller, "The Glacier Moves: Japan's Response to U.S. Security Policies," Asian Affairs 30, no. 2 (Summer 2003): 132-141.