메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 397-405

Racial residential segregation and preterm birth: Built environment as a mediator

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTRIBUTABLE RISK; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FEMALE; HOME; HUMAN; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; PREMATURE LABOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RACIAL RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL MODEL; UNITED STATES; BIRTH CERTIFICATE; DEMOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENT; ETHNOLOGY; FACTUAL DATABASE; HEALTH DISPARITY; INCIDENCE; MALE; NEWBORN; PREGNANCY; PREMATURE BIRTH; RACISM; SOCIAL ISOLATION; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

EID: 84898040982     PISSN: 10443983     EISSN: 15315487     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000079     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (66)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 82455162359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spatial measure of neighborhood level racial isolation applied to low birthweight, preterm birth, and birthweight in North Carolina
    • Anthopolos R, James SA, Gelfand AE, Miranda ML. A spatial measure of neighborhood level racial isolation applied to low birthweight, preterm birth, and birthweight in North Carolina. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol. 2011;2:235-246.
    • (2011) Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol , vol.2 , pp. 235-246
    • Anthopolos, R.1    James, S.A.2    Gelfand, A.E.3    Miranda, M.L.4
  • 2
    • 33750452694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial disparities in low birthweight and the contribution of residential segregation: A multilevel analysis
    • Grady SC. Racial disparities in low birthweight and the contribution of residential segregation: a multilevel analysis. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63: 3013-3029.
    • (2006) Soc Sci Med , vol.63 , pp. 3013-3029
    • Grady, S.C.1
  • 3
    • 45449097875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediating medical risk factors in the residential segregation and low birthweight relationship by race in New York City
    • Grady SC, Ramírez IJ. Mediating medical risk factors in the residential segregation and low birthweight relationship by race in New York City. Health Place. 2008;14:661-677.
    • (2008) Health Place , vol.14 , pp. 661-677
    • Grady, S.C.1    Ramírez, I.J.2
  • 4
    • 44449095650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are racial disparities in preterm birth larger in hypersegregated areas?
    • Osypuk TL, Acevedo-Garcia D. Are racial disparities in preterm birth larger in hypersegregated areas? Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167:1295-1304.
    • (2008) Am J Epidemiol , vol.167 , pp. 1295-1304
    • Osypuk, T.L.1    Acevedo-Garcia, D.2
  • 5
    • 33750491631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth outcomes among urban African-American women: A multilevel analysis of the role of racial residential segregation
    • Bell JF, Zimmerman FJ, Almgren GR, Mayer JD, Huebner CE. Birth outcomes among urban African-American women: a multilevel analysis of the role of racial residential segregation. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63: 3030-3045.
    • (2006) Soc Sci Med , vol.63 , pp. 3030-3045
    • Bell, J.F.1    Zimmerman, F.J.2    Almgren, G.R.3    Mayer, J.D.4    Huebner, C.E.5
  • 6
    • 84857743021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between the quality of the residential built environment and pregnancy outcomes among women in North Carolina
    • Miranda ML, Messer LC, Kroeger GL. Associations between the quality of the residential built environment and pregnancy outcomes among women in North Carolina. Environ Health Perspect. 2012;120:471-477.
    • (2012) Environ Health Perspect , vol.120 , pp. 471-477
    • Miranda, M.L.1    Messer, L.C.2    Kroeger, G.L.3
  • 7
    • 81555204420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood conditions are associated with maternal health behaviors and pregnancy outcomes
    • Vinikoor-Imler LC, Messer LC, Evenson KR, Laraia BA. Neighborhood conditions are associated with maternal health behaviors and pregnancy outcomes. Soc Sci Med. 2011;73:1302-1311.
    • (2011) Soc Sci Med , vol.73 , pp. 1302-1311
    • Vinikoor-Imler, L.C.1    Messer, L.C.2    Evenson, K.R.3    Laraia, B.A.4
  • 8
    • 0035739965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial residential segregation: A fundamental cause of racial disparities in health
    • Williams DR, Collins C. Racial residential segregation: a fundamental cause of racial disparities in health. Public Health Rep. 2001;116: 404-416.
    • (2001) Public Health Rep , vol.116 , pp. 404-416
    • Williams, D.R.1    Collins, C.2
  • 9
    • 56149120486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Place matters: Variation in the black/white very preterm birth rate across U.S. Metropolitan areas, 2002-2004
    • Kramer MR, Hogue CR. Place matters: variation in the black/white very preterm birth rate across U.S. metropolitan areas, 2002-2004. Public Health Rep. 2008;123:576-585.
    • (2008) Public Health Rep. , vol.123 , pp. 576-585
    • Kramer, M.R.1    Hogue, C.R.2
  • 10
    • 0242588505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential segregation and health
    • Kawachi I, Berkman LF, eds. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Acevedo-Garcia D, Lochner KA. Residential segregation and health. In: Kawachi I, Berkman LF, eds. Neighborhoods and Health. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2003:265-287.
    • (2003) Neighborhoods and Health , pp. 265-287
    • Acevedo-Garcia, D.1    Lochner, K.A.2
  • 11
    • 84884980110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress during pregnancy: The role of institutional racism
    • Mendez DD, Hogan VK, Culhane JF. Stress during pregnancy: the role of institutional racism. Stress and Health. 2013; 29:266-274.
    • (2013) Stress and Health , vol.29 , pp. 266-274
    • Mendez, D.D.1    Hogan, V.K.2    Culhane, J.F.3
  • 12
    • 0002387331 scopus 로고
    • Toward a theory of race, crime, and urban inequality
    • Hagan J, Peterson RD, eds. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
    • Sampson RJ, Wilson WJ. Toward a theory of race, crime, and urban inequality. In: Hagan J, Peterson RD, eds. Crime and Inequality. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; 1995:37-54.
    • (1995) Crime and Inequality , pp. 37-54
    • Sampson, R.J.1    Wilson, W.J.2
  • 13
    • 70350677649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental contributions to disparities in pregnancy outcomes
    • Miranda ML, Maxson P, Edwards S. Environmental contributions to disparities in pregnancy outcomes. Epidemiol Rev. 2009;31:67-83.
    • (2009) Epidemiol Rev , vol.31 , pp. 67-83
    • Miranda, M.L.1    Maxson, P.2    Edwards, S.3
  • 14
    • 0006431895 scopus 로고
    • Urban infrastructure: Social environmental, and health risks to African Americans
    • Livingston IL, ed. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing
    • Bullard RD. Urban infrastructure: social environmental, and health risks to African Americans. In: Livingston IL, ed. Handbook of Black American Health: The Mosaic of Conditions, Issues, Policies and Prospects. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing; 1994:315-330.
    • (1994) Handbook of Black American Health: The Mosaic of Conditions, Issues, Policies and Prospects , pp. 315-330
    • Bullard, R.D.1
  • 15
    • 0037308434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future directions in residential segregation and health research: A multilevel approach
    • Acevedo-Garcia D, Lochner KA, Osypuk TL, Subramanian SV. Future directions in residential segregation and health research: a multilevel approach. Am J Public Health. 2003;93:215-221.
    • (2003) Am J Public Health , vol.93 , pp. 215-221
    • Acevedo-Garcia, D.1    Lochner, K.A.2    Osypuk, T.L.3    Subramanian, S.V.4
  • 16
    • 0002608409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential crowding in the context of inner city poverty
    • Wapner S, Demick J, Minami H, Yamamoto T, eds. New York, NY: Plenum
    • Evans GW, Saegert S. Residential crowding in the context of inner city poverty. In: Wapner S, Demick J, Minami H, Yamamoto T, eds. Theoretical Perspectives in Environment-Behavior Research. New York, NY: Plenum; 2000:247-268.
    • (2000) Theoretical Perspectives in Environment-Behavior Research , pp. 247-268
    • Evans, G.W.1    Saegert, S.2
  • 17
    • 70849134693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Proportion explained": A causal interpretation for standard measures of indirect effect?
    • Hafeman DM. "Proportion explained": a causal interpretation for standard measures of indirect effect? Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170:1443-1448.
    • (2009) Am J Epidemiol , vol.170 , pp. 1443-1448
    • Hafeman, D.M.1
  • 18
    • 84879508081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Education and risk of coronary heart disease: Assessment of mediation by behavioral risk factors using the additive hazards model
    • Nordahl H, Rod NH, Frederiksen BL, et al. Education and risk of coronary heart disease: assessment of mediation by behavioral risk factors using the additive hazards model. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28:149-157.
    • (2013) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.28 , pp. 149-157
    • Nordahl, H.1    Rod, N.H.2    Frederiksen, B.L.3
  • 19
    • 84863585013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying mediating effects of endogenous estrogen and insulin in the relation between obesity, alcohol consumption, and breast cancer
    • Hvidtfeldt UA, Gunter MJ, Lange T, et al. Quantifying mediating effects of endogenous estrogen and insulin in the relation between obesity, alcohol consumption, and breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012;21:1203-1212.
    • (2012) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.21 , pp. 1203-1212
    • Hvidtfeldt, U.A.1    Gunter, M.J.2    Lange, T.3
  • 20
    • 80051551986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects in a survival context
    • Lange T, Hansen JV. Direct and indirect effects in a survival context. Epidemiology. 2011;22:575-581.
    • (2011) Epidemiology , vol.22 , pp. 575-581
    • Lange, T.1    Hansen, J.V.2
  • 21
    • 84873428133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the direct and indirect pathways between education and diabetes incidence among Canadian men and women: A mediation analysis
    • Smith PM, Smith BT, Mustard CA, Lu H, Glazier RH. Estimating the direct and indirect pathways between education and diabetes incidence among Canadian men and women: a mediation analysis. Ann Epidemiol. 2013;23:143-149.
    • (2013) Ann Epidemiol. , vol.23 , pp. 143-149
    • Smith, P.M.1    Smith, B.T.2    Mustard, C.A.3    Lu, H.4    Glazier, R.H.5
  • 22
    • 0026556155 scopus 로고
    • Identifiability and exchangeability for direct and indirect effects
    • Robins JM, Greenland S. Identifiability and exchangeability for direct and indirect effects. Epidemiology. 1992;3:143-155.
    • (1992) Epidemiology , vol.3 , pp. 143-155
    • Robins, J.M.1    Greenland, S.2
  • 23
    • 15544371335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semantics of causal DAG models and the identification of direct and indirect effects
    • Green P, Hjort N, Richardson S, eds. London: Oxford University Press
    • Robins JM. Semantics of causal DAG models and the identification of direct and indirect effects. In: Green P, Hjort N, Richardson S, eds. Highly Structured Stochastic Systems. London: Oxford University Press; 2003:70-81.
    • (2003) Highly Structured Stochastic Systems , pp. 70-81
    • Robins, J.M.1
  • 25
    • 0023020183 scopus 로고
    • The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations
    • Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;51:1173-1182.
    • (1986) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.51 , pp. 1173-1182
    • Baron, R.M.1    Kenny, D.A.2
  • 26
    • 77953957726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual issues concerning mediation, interventions and composition
    • VanderWeele TJ, Vansteelandt S. Conceptual issues concerning mediation, interventions and composition. Stat Interface. 2009;2:457-468.
    • (2009) Stat Interface , vol.2 , pp. 457-468
    • Vanderweele, T.J.1    Vansteelandt, S.2
  • 27
    • 79952117042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Odds ratios for mediation analysis for a dichotomous outcome
    • Vanderweele TJ, Vansteelandt S. Odds ratios for mediation analysis for a dichotomous outcome. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172:1339-1348.
    • (2010) Am J Epidemiol , vol.172 , pp. 1339-1348
    • Vanderweele, T.J.1    Vansteelandt, S.2
  • 28
    • 84879516417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediation analysis allowing for exposure- mediator interactions and causal interpretation: Theoretical assumptions and implementation with SAS and SPSS macros
    • Valeri L, Vanderweele TJ. Mediation analysis allowing for exposure- mediator interactions and causal interpretation: theoretical assumptions and implementation with SAS and SPSS macros. Psychol Methods. 2013;18:137-150.
    • (2013) Psychol Methods , vol.18 , pp. 137-150
    • Valeri, L.1    Vanderweele, T.J.2
  • 29
    • 66749163597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: Gilding the black box
    • Kaufman JS. Commentary: gilding the black box. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38:845-847.
    • (2009) Int J Epidemiol , vol.38 , pp. 845-847
    • Kaufman, J.S.1
  • 30
    • 80053470925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative graphical causal models and the identification of direct effects
    • Shrout PE, Keyes KM, Ornstein K, eds. New York: Oxford University Press
    • Robins J, Richardson T. Alternative graphical causal models and the identification of direct effects. In: Shrout PE, Keyes KM, Ornstein K, eds. Causality and Psychopathology: Finding the Determinants of Disorders and Their Cures. New York: Oxford University Press; 2011:103-158.
    • (2011) Causality and Psychopathology: Finding the Determinants of Disorders and Their Cures , pp. 103-158
    • Robins, J.1    Richardson, T.2
  • 31
    • 0023203943 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation and choice of effect measures in epidemiologic analyses
    • Greenland S. Interpretation and choice of effect measures in epidemiologic analyses. Am J Epidemiol. 1987;125:761-768.
    • (1987) Am J Epidemiol , vol.125 , pp. 761-768
    • Greenland, S.1
  • 32
    • 84898030887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple logit and probit marginal effects in R
    • WP11/22. University College Dublin, School of Economics
    • Fernihough A. Simple logit and probit marginal effects in R. UCD Centre for Economic Research Working Paper Series; WP11/22. University College Dublin, School of Economics; 2011.
    • (2011) UCD Centre for Economic Research Working Paper Series
    • Fernihough, A.1
  • 33
    • 34547659742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative risks and confidence intervals were easily computed indirectly from multivariable logistic regression
    • Localio AR, Margolis DJ, Berlin JA. Relative risks and confidence intervals were easily computed indirectly from multivariable logistic regression. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60:874-882.
    • (2007) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.60 , pp. 874-882
    • Localio, A.R.1    Margolis, D.J.2    Berlin, J.A.3
  • 34
    • 79953852789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of G-computation on a simulated data set: Demonstration of a causal inference technique
    • Snowden JM, Rose S, Mortimer KM. Implementation of G-computation on a simulated data set: demonstration of a causal inference technique. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173:731-738.
    • (2011) Am J Epidemiol , vol.173 , pp. 731-738
    • Snowden, J.M.1    Rose, S.2    Mortimer, K.M.3
  • 35
    • 68949111978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for estimating adjusted risk ratios
    • Cummings P. Methods for estimating adjusted risk ratios. Stata J. 2009;9:175-196.
    • (2009) Stata J , vol.9 , pp. 175-196
    • Cummings, P.1
  • 36
    • 47949131398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative risk regression in medical research: Models, contrasts, estimators, and algorithms
    • Working Paper 293
    • Lumley T, Kronmal R, Ma S. Relative risk regression in medical research: models, contrasts, estimators, and algorithms. UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series. 2006: Working Paper 293.
    • (2006) UW Biostatistics Working Paper Series
    • Lumley, T.1    Kronmal, R.2    Ma, S.3
  • 39
    • 77950998588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Census Bureau, Accessed June 1, 2010
    • US Census Bureau. Summary File 1 (SF 1); 2000. Available at: www.census.gov/census2000/sumfile1.html. Accessed June 1, 2010.
    • (2000) Summary File 1 (SF 1)
  • 41
    • 66149111540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to stratified analysis
    • Rothman K, Greenland S, Lash T, eds. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Rothman K, Greenland S. Introduction to stratified analysis. In: Rothman K, Greenland S, Lash T, eds. Modern Epidemiology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008:279.
    • (2008) Modern Epidemiology , pp. 279
    • Rothman, K.1    Greenland, S.2
  • 42
    • 77953957904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias formulas for sensitivity analysis for direct and indirect effects
    • VanderWeele TJ. Bias formulas for sensitivity analysis for direct and indirect effects. Epidemiology. 2010;21:540-551.
    • (2010) Epidemiology , vol.21 , pp. 540-551
    • Vanderweele, T.J.1
  • 43
    • 0024156771 scopus 로고
    • The dimensions of residential segregation
    • Massey DS, Denton NA. The dimensions of residential segregation. Soc Forces. 1988;67:281-315.
    • (1988) Soc Forces. , vol.67 , pp. 281-315
    • Massey, D.S.1    Denton, N.A.2
  • 44
    • 0024855982 scopus 로고
    • Hypersegregation in U.S. Metropolitan areas: Black and Hispanic segregation along five dimensions
    • Massey DS, Denton NA . Hypersegregation in U.S. metropolitan areas: black and Hispanic segregation along five dimensions. Demography. 1989;26:373-391.
    • (1989) Demography , vol.26 , pp. 373-391
    • Massey, D.S.1    Denton, N.A.2
  • 45
    • 78649448604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metropolitan isolation segregation and Black-White disparities in very preterm birth: A test of mediating pathways and variance explained
    • Kramer MR, Cooper HL, Drews-Botsch CD, Waller LA, Hogue CR. Metropolitan isolation segregation and Black-White disparities in very preterm birth: a test of mediating pathways and variance explained. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71:2108-2116.
    • (2010) Soc Sci Med , vol.71 , pp. 2108-2116
    • Kramer, M.R.1    Cooper, H.L.2    Drews-Botsch, C.D.3    Waller, L.A.4    Hogue, C.R.5
  • 46
    • 54949088305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segregation and preterm birth: The effects of neighborhood racial composition in North Carolina
    • Mason SM, Messer LC, Laraia BA, Mendola P. Segregation and preterm birth: the effects of neighborhood racial composition in North Carolina. Health Place. 2009;15:1-9.
    • (2009) Health Place , vol.15 , pp. 1-9
    • Mason, S.M.1    Messer, L.C.2    Laraia, B.A.3    Mendola, P.4
  • 47
    • 36348961247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood economic disadvantage, violent crime, group density, and pregnancy outcomes in a diverse, urban population
    • Masi CM, Hawkley LC, Piotrowski ZH, Pickett KE. Neighborhood economic disadvantage, violent crime, group density, and pregnancy outcomes in a diverse, urban population. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65: 2440-2457.
    • (2007) Soc Sci Med , vol.65 , pp. 2440-2457
    • Masi, C.M.1    Hawkley, L.C.2    Zh, P.3    Pickett, K.E.4
  • 49
    • 0028232790 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal lead exposure in relation to gestational age and birth weight: A review of epidemiologic studies
    • Andrews KW, Savitz DA, Hertz-Picciotto I. Prenatal lead exposure in relation to gestational age and birth weight: a review of epidemiologic studies. Am J Ind Med. 1994;26:13-32.
    • (1994) Am J Ind Med , vol.26 , pp. 13-32
    • Andrews, K.W.1    Savitz, D.A.2    Hertz-Picciotto, I.3
  • 50
    • 0029859869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress, social support and pregnancy outcome: A reassessment based on recent research
    • Hoffman S, Hatch MC. Stress, social support and pregnancy outcome: a reassessment based on recent research. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1996;10:380-405.
    • (1996) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol , vol.10 , pp. 380-405
    • Hoffman, S.1    Hatch, M.C.2
  • 51
    • 0000559165 scopus 로고
    • The physical environment of street blocks and resident perceptions of crime and disorder: Implications for theory and measurement
    • Perkins DD, Meeks JW, Taylor RB. The physical environment of street blocks and resident perceptions of crime and disorder: implications for theory and measurement. J Environ Psychol. 1992;12:21-34.
    • (1992) J Environ Psychol , vol.12 , pp. 21-34
    • Perkins, D.D.1    Meeks, J.W.2    Taylor, R.B.3
  • 52
    • 84885951550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The urban built environment and associations with women's psychosocial health
    • Messer LC, Maxson P, Miranda ML. The urban built environment and associations with women's psychosocial health. J Urban Health. 2013;90:857-871.
    • (2013) J Urban Health , vol.90 , pp. 857-871
    • Messer, L.C.1    Maxson, P.2    Miranda, M.L.3
  • 53
    • 70350646102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is segregation bad for your health?
    • Kramer MR, Hogue CR. Is segregation bad for your health? Epidemiol Rev. 2009;31:178-194.
    • (2009) Epidemiol Rev , vol.31 , pp. 178-194
    • Kramer, M.R.1    Hogue, C.R.2
  • 54
    • 34248359107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between residential segregation and smoking during pregnancy among urban African-American women
    • Bell JF, Zimmerman FJ, Mayer JD, Almgren GR, Huebner CE. Associations between residential segregation and smoking during pregnancy among urban African-American women. J Urban Health. 2007;84:372-388.
    • (2007) J Urban Health , vol.84 , pp. 372-388
    • Bell, J.F.1    Zimmerman, F.J.2    Mayer, J.D.3    Almgren, G.R.4    Huebner, C.E.5
  • 56
    • 77949445720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic density effects on birth outcomes and maternal smoking during pregnancy in the US linked birth and infant death data set
    • Shaw RJ, Pickett KE, Wilkinson RG. Ethnic density effects on birth outcomes and maternal smoking during pregnancy in the US linked birth and infant death data set. Am J Public Health. 2010;100:707-713.
    • (2010) Am J Public Health , vol.100 , pp. 707-713
    • Shaw, R.J.1    Pickett, K.E.2    Wilkinson, R.G.3
  • 57
    • 0022168027 scopus 로고
    • New settlement pattern of rural blacks in the American South
    • Aiken CS. New settlement pattern of rural blacks in the American South. Geogr Rev. 1985;75:383-404.
    • (1985) Geogr Rev , vol.75 , pp. 383-404
    • Aiken, C.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.