Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension

Clinics in Liver Disease

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 451-476

  Sarin, Shiv K ^a   Khanna, Rajeev ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF LIVER AND BILIARY SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

Endotherapy; Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction; Non cirrhotic portal fibrosis; Portal biliopathy; Portal hypertension; Shunt surgery

Indexed keywords

BLEEDING; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; ECHOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC THERAPY; ENDOSCOPY; EPITHELIAL MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; ESOPHAGUS VARICES; GROWTH RETARDATION; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LABORATORY TEST; LIVER BIOPSY; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; LIVER FIBROSIS; LIVER HYPERPLASIA; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; NODULAR REGENERATIVE HYPERPLASIA; NONCIRRHOTIC PORTAL HYPERTENSION; PATHOGENESIS; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; PORTAL PHLEBOGRAPHY; PORTAL VEIN BLOOD PRESSURE; PORTAL VEIN OBSTRUCTION; PROGNOSIS; PROPHYLAXIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; SUPPRESSOR CELL; T LYMPHOCYTE; TRANSJUGULAR INTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT; VARIX BLEEDING; VEIN LIGATION; COMPLICATION; HYPERTENSION, PORTAL; INFECTION; LIVER; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; PANCYTOPENIA; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; SPLENOMEGALY; VENOUS THROMBOSIS;

HEMODYNAMICS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION, PORTAL; INFECTION; LIVER; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; PANCYTOPENIA; PORTAL PRESSURE; PROGNOSIS; SPLENOMEGALY; VENOUS THROMBOSIS;

EID: 84897882306     PISSN: 10893261     EISSN: 15578224     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2014.01.009     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Khanna R., Sarin S.K. Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension- diagnosis and management. JHepatol 2013, pii: S0168-8278(13)00607-7. 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.013.
2. Sarin S.K., Kumar A. Noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Clin Liver Dis 2006, 10:627-651.
3. Schouten J.N., Garcia-Pagan J.C., Valla D.C., et al. Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Hepatology 2011, 54:1071-1081.
4. Sarin S.K., Agarwal S.R. Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Semin Liver Dis 2002, 22(1):43-58.
5. Aoki H., Hasumi A., Yoshida K. Aquestionnaire study on treatment of idiopathic portal hypertension and extrahepatic portal obstruction. Annual report on portal portal hemodynamics abnormalities 1988, 179-189. Japan Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, [in Japanese]. H. Kameda (Ed.).
6. Hillaire S., Bonte E., Denninger M.H., et al. Idiopathic non-cirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension in the West: a re-evaluation in 28 patients. Gut 2002, 51(2):275-280.
7. Cazals-Hatem D., Hillaire S., Rudler M., et al. Obliterative portal venopathy: portal hypertension is not always present at diagnosis. JHepatol 2011, 54(3):455-461.
8. Sarin S.K., Agarwal S.R. Idiopathic portal hypertension. Digestion 1998, 59:420-423.
9. Dhiman R.K., Chawla Y., Vasishta R.K., et al. Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (idiopathic portal hypertension): experience with 151 patients and a review of the literature. JGastroenterol Hepatol 2002, 17:6-16.
10. Pande C., Kumar A., Sarin S.K. Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis: a clinical profile of 366 patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2006, 101:S2. 191 (abstract No. 439).
11. Madhu K., Avinash B., Ramakrishna B., et al. Idiopathic non-cirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension: common cause of cryptogenic intrahepatic portal hypertension in a Southern Indian tertiary hospital. Indian J Gastroenterol 2009, 28(3):83-87.
12. Siramolpiwat S., Seijo S., Miquel R., et al. Idiopathic portal hypertension: natural history and long-term outcome. Hepatology 2013, 10.1002/hep.26904.
13. Sarin S.K., Kumar A., Chawla Y.K., et al. Noncirrhotic portal fibrosis/idiopathic portal hypertension: APASL recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Hepatol Int 2007, 1:398-413.
14. Sato Y., Nakanuma Y. Role of endothelial-mesenchymal transition in idiopathic portal hypertension. Histol Histopathol 2013, 28(2):145-154.
15. Omanwar S., Rizvi M.R., Kathayat R., et al. Arabbit model of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension by repeated injections of E. coli through indwelling cannulation of the gastrosplenic vein. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2004, 3:417-422.
16. Okudaria M., Ohbu M., Okuda K. Idiopathic portal hypertension and its pathology. Semin Liver Dis 2002, 22:59-71.
17. Sarin S.K., Sharma G., Banerjee S., et al. Hepatic fibrogenesis using chronic arsenic ingestion: studies in a murine model. Indian J Exp Biol 1999, 37:147-151.
18. Maida I., Garcia-Gasco P., Sotgiu G., et al. Antiretroviral-associated portal hypertension: a new clinical condition? Prevalence, predictors, and outcome. Antivir Ther 2008, 13:103-107.
19. Nayak N.C., Ramalingaswami B. Obliterative portal venopathy of the liver. Arch Pathol 1969, 87:359-369.
20. Nakanuma Y., Tsuneyama K., Ohbu M., et al. Pathology and pathogenesis of idiopathic portal hypertension with an emphasis on the liver. Pathol Res Pract 2001, 197:65-76.
21. Nayyar A.K., Sharma B.K., Sarin S.K., et al. Characterization of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis: a comparison with cirrhotic and healthy controls. JGastroenterol Hepatol 1990, 5:554-559.
22. Yamaguchi N., Tokushige K., Haruta I., et al. Analysis of adhesion molecules in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension. JGastroenterol Hepatol 1999, 14:364-369.
23. Däbritz J., Worch J., Materna U., et al. Life-threatening hypersplenism due to idiopathic portal hypertension in early childhood: case report and review of the literature. BMC Gastroenterol 2010, 10:122.
24. Rangari M., Sinha S., Kapoor D., et al. Prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Am J Gastroenterol 2002, 97(3):707-713.
25. Bajaj J.S., Bhattacharjee J., Sarin S.K. Coagulation profile and platelet function in patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis. JGastroenterol Hepatol 2001, 16:641-646.
26. Sarin S.K., Sethi K.K., Nanda R. Measurement and correlation of wedged hepatic, intrahepatic, intrasplenic and intravariceal pressure in patients with cirrhosis of liver and non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis. Gut 1987, 28:260-266.
27. Sarin S.K., Lahoti D., Saxena S.P., et al. Prevalence, classification and natural history of gastric varices: a long-term follow up study in 568 portal hypertension patients. Hepatology 1992, 16:1343-1349.
28. Sarin S.K., Shahi H.M., Jain M., et al. The natural history of portal hypertensive gastropathy: influence of variceal eradication. Am J Gastroenterol 2000, 95:2888-2893.
29. Chawla Y., Dilawari J.B. Anorectal varices-their frequency in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Gut 1991, 32:309-311.
30. Ganguly S., Sarin S.K., Bhatia V., et al. The prevalence and spectrum of colonic lesions in patients with cirrhosis and noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Hepatology 1995, 21:1226-1231.
31. Glatard A.S., Hillaire S., d'Assignies G., et al. Obliterative portal venopathy: findings at CT imaging. Radiology 2012, 263(3):741-750.
32. Qureshi H., Kamal S., Khan R.A., et al. Differentiation of cirrhotic vs idiopathic portal hypertension using 99mTc-Sn colloid dynamic and static scintigraphy. JPak Med Assoc 1991, 41:126-129.
33. Vispo E., Moreno A., Maida I., et al. Noncirrhotic portal hypertension in HIV-infected patients: unique clinical and pathological findings. AIDS 2010, 24:1171-1176.
34. Chang P.E., Miquel R., Blanco J.L., et al. Idiopathic portal hypertension in patients with HIV infection treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2009, 104:1707-1714.
35. Schouten J.N., Van der Ende M.E., Koëter T., et al. Risk factors and outcome of HIV-associated idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012, 36(9):875-885.
36. Tuyama A., Hong F., Saiman Y., et al. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infects human hepatic stellate cells and promotes collagen I and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression: implications for the pathogenesis of HIV/hepatitis C virus-induced liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2010, 52:612-622.
37. Pal S., Desai P.R., Rao G., et al. Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis: results of surgery in 317 consecutive cases over a 25-year period from an Indian center. Gastroenterology 2002, 123(Suppl 1). [abstract], T1454:88.
38. Schouten J.N., Nevens F., Hansen B., et al. Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension is associated with poor survival: results of a long-term cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012, 35(12):1424-1433.
39. Krasinskas A.M., Eghtesad B., Kamath P.S., et al. Liver transplantation for severe intrahepatic noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Liver Transpl 2005, 11(6):627-634.
40. Sawada S., Sato Y., Aoyama H., et al. Pathological study of idiopathic portal hypertension with an emphasis on cause of death based on records of Annuals of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan. JGastroenterol Hepatol 2007, 22(2):204-209.
41. Yachha S.K. Portal hypertension in children: an Indian perspective. JGastroenterol Hepatol 2002, 17:S228-S231.
42. Poddar U., Thapa B.R., Rao K.L., et al. Etiological spectrum of esophageal varices due to portal hypertension in Indian children: is it different from the West?. JGastroenterol Hepatol 2008, 23:1354-1357.
43. Fagundes E.D., Ferreira A.R., Roquete M.L., et al. Clinical and laboratory predictors of esophageal varices in children and adolescents with portal hypertension syndrome. JPediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008, 46(2):178-183.
44. Sarin S.K., Sollano J.D., Chawla Y.K., Members of the APASL Working Party on Portal Hypertension, et al. Consensus on extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction. Liver Int 2006, 26(5):512-519.
45. de Franchis R., On behalf of the Baveno V Faculty Revising consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension. JHepatol 2010, 53:762-768.
46. Abd El-Hamid N., Taylor R.M., Marinello D., et al. Aetiology and management of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children: King's College Hospital experience. JPediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008, 47:630-634.
47. Weiss B., Shteyer E., Vivante A., et al. Etiology and long-term outcome of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children. World J Gastroenterol 2010, 16:4968-4972.
48. Ferri P.M., Rodrigues Ferreira A., Fagundes E.D., et al. Evaluation of the presence of hereditary and acquired thrombophilias in Brazilian children and adolescents with diagnoses of portal vein thrombosis. JPediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012, 55(5):599-604.
49. Smalberg J.H., Arends L.R., Valla D.C., et al. Myeloproliferative neoplasms in Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: a meta-analysis. Blood 2012, 120(25):4921-4928.
50. Valla D.C. Thrombosis and anticoagulation in liver disease. Hepatology 2008, 47(4):1384-1393.
51. Yadav S., Dutta A.K., Sarin S.K. Do umbilical vein catheterization and sepsis lead to portal vein thrombosis? A prospective, clinical and sonographic evaluation. JPediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993, 17:392-396.
52. De Gaetano A.M., Lafortune M., Patriquin H., et al. Cavernous transformation of the portal vein: patterns of intrahepatic and splanchnic collateral circulation detected with Doppler sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995, 165:1151-1155.
53. Sarin S.K., Bansal A., Sasan S., et al. Portal-vein obstruction in children leads to growth retardation. Hepatology 1992, 15:229-233.
54. Webb L.J., Sherlock S. The aetiology, presentation and natural history of extra-hepatic portal venous obstruction. QJ Med 1979, 192:627-639.
55. Zargar S.A., Javid G., Khan B.A., et al. Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. Hepatology 2002, 36:666-672.
56. Zargar S.A., Yattoo G.N., Javid G., et al. Fifteen-year follow up of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. JGastroenterol Hepatol 2004, 19:139-145.
57. Poddar U., Thapa B.R., Singh K. Frequency of gastropathy and gastric varices in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction treated with sclerotherapy. JGastroenterol Hepatol 2004, 19:1253-1256.
58. Itha S., Yachha S.K. Endoscopic outcome beyond esophageal variceal eradication in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. JPediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006, 42(2):196-200.
59. Thomas V., Jose T., Kumar S. Natural history of bleeding after esophageal variceal eradication in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction: a 20-year follow-up. Indian J Gastroenterol 2009, 28:206-211.
60. Wani A.H., Shah O.J., Zargar S.A. Management of variceal hemorrhage in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction - shunt surgery versus endoscopic sclerotherapy. Indian J Surg 2011, 73(6):409-413.
61. Poddar U., Bhatnagar S., Yachha S.K. Endoscopic band ligation followed by sclerotherapy: is it superior to sclerotherapy in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction?. JGastroenterol Hepatol 2011, 26:255-259.
62. Rangari M., Gupta R., Jain M., et al. Hepatic dysfunction in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. Liver Int 2003, 23(6):434-439.
63. Sharma P., Mishra S.R., Kumar M., et al. Liver and spleen stiffness in patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Radiology 2012, 263(3):893-899.
64. Jha S.K., Kumar A., Sharma B.C., et al. Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction is similar to compensated cirrhotic patients. Hepatol Int 2009, 3:384-391.
65. Goel P., Srivastava K., Das N., et al. The role of nitric oxide in portal hypertension caused by extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. JIndian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2010, 15(4):117-121.
66. Chaves I.J., Rigsby C.K., Schoeneman S.E., et al. Pre- and postoperative imaging and interventions for the meso-Rex bypass in children and young adults. Pediatr Radiol 2012, 42:220-232.
67. Nihal N., Bapat M.R., Rathi P., et al. Relation of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels to growth retardation in extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Hepatol Int 2009, 3:305-309.
68. Krishna Y.R., Yachha S.K., Srivastava A., et al. Quality of life in children managed for extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. JPediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010, 50(5):531-536.
69. Chandra R., Kapoor D., Tharakan A., et al. Portal biliopathy. JGastroenterol Hepatol 2001, 16:1086-1092.
70. Condat B., Vilgrain V., Asselah T., et al. Portal cavernoma associated cholangiopathy: a clinical and MR cholangiography coupled with MR portography imaging study. Hepatology 2003, 37:1302-1308.
71. Dhiman R.K., Behera A., Chawla Y.K., et al. Portal hypertensive biliopathy. Gut 2007, 56:1001-1008.
72. Khuroo M.S., Yattoo G.N., Zargar S.A., et al. Biliary abnormalities associated with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. Hepatology 1993, 17:807-813.
73. Walser E.M., Runyan B.R., Heckman M.G., et al. Extrahepatic portal biliopathy: proposed etiology on the basis of anatomic and clinical features. Radiology 2011, 258(1):146-153.
74. Sharma P., Sharma B.C., Puri V., et al. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Am J Gastroenterol 2008, 103(6):1406-1412.
75. Yadav S.K., Srivastava A., Srivastava A., et al. Encephalopathy assessment in children with extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction with MR, psychometry and critical flicker frequency. JHepatol 2010, 52:348-354.
76. Srivastava A., Yadav S.K., Yachha S.K., et al. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are raised in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. JGastroenterol Hepatol 2011, 26(6):979-986.
77. Srivastava A., Yadav S.K., Lal R., et al. Effect of surgical portosystemic shunt on prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in children with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction: assessment by magnetic resonance imaging and psychometry. JPediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010, 51(6):766-772.
78. Sharma P., Sharma B.C., Puri V., et al. Natural history of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Am J Gastroenterol 2009, 104(4):885-890.
79. Ross A.G., Bartley P.B., Sleigh A.C., et al. Schistosomiasis. NEngl J Med 2002, 346(16):1212-1220. [review].
80. Harvie M., Jordan W.T., Flamme A.C. Differential liver protein expression during schistosomiasis. Infect Immun 2007, 75(2):736.
81. Czaja M.J., Weiner F.R., Takahashi S., et al. Gamma-interferon treatment inhibits collagen deposition in murine schistosomiasis. Hepatology 1989, 10(5):795-800.
82. Singh K.P., Gerard H.C., Hudson A.P., et al. Retroviral Foxp3 gene transfer ameliorates liver granuloma pathology in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. Immunology 2005, 114:410-417.
83. Ruiz-Guevara R., de Noya B.A., Valero S.K., et al. Clinical and ultrasound findings before and after praziquantel treatment among Venezuelan schistosomiasis patients. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2007, 40:505-511.
84. Srinath A., Shneider B.L. Congenital hepatic fibrosis and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. JPediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012, 54(5):580-587.
85. Shorbagi A., Bayraktar Y. Experience of a single center with congenital hepatic fibrosis: a review of literature. World J Gastroenterol 2010, 16(6):683-690.
86. Rawat D., Kelly D.A., Milford D.V., et al. Phenotypic variation and long term outcome of children with congenital hepatic fibrosis. JPediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013, 57(2):161-166.
87. Gunay-Aygun M., Font-Montgomery E., Lukose L., et al. Characteristics of congenital hepatic fibrosis in a large cohort of patients with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Gastroenterology 2013, 144:112-121.
88. Hartleb M., Gutkowski K., Milkiewicz P. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia: evolving concepts on underdiagnosed cause of portal hypertension. World J Gastroenterol 2011, 17(11):1400-1409.
89. Wanless I.R. Micronodular transformation (nodular regenerative hyperplasia) of the liver: a report of 64 cases among 2,500 autopsies and a new classification of benign hepatocellular nodules. Hepatology 1990, 11(5):787-797.
90. Morris J.M., Oien K.A., McMahon M., et al. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver: survival and associated features in a UK case series. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010, 22(8):1001-1005.
91. Bissonnette J., Généreux A., CÔté J., et al. Hepatic hemodynamics in 24 patients with nodular regenerative hyperplasia and symptomatic portal hypertension. JGastroenterol Hepatol 2012, 27(8):1336-1340.
92. Sarin S.K., Govil A., Jain A.K., et al. Prospective randomized trial of endoscopic sclerotherapy versus variceal band ligation for esophageal varices: influence on gastropathy, gastric varices and variceal recurrence. JHepatol 1997, 26(4):826-832.
93. Sarin S.K., Gupta N., Jha S.K., et al. Equal efficacy of endoscopic variceal ligation and propranolol in preventing variceal bleeding in patients with noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 2010, 139(4):1238-1245.
94. Prasad A.S., Gupta S., Kohli V., et al. Proximal splenorenal shunts for extrahepatic portal venous obstruction in children. Ann Surg 1994, 219:193-196.
95. Orloff M.J., Orloff M.S., Rambotti M. Treatment of bleeding esophagogastric varices due to extrahepatic portal hypertension: results of portal-systemic shunts during 35 years. JPediatr Surg 1994, 29:142-151. [discussion: 151-4].
96. Sharma B.C., Singh R.P., Chawla Y.K., et al. Effect of shunt surgery on spleen size, portal pressure and oesophageal varices in patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. JGastroenterol Hepatol 1997, 12(8):582-584.
97. Superina R., Bambini D.A., Lokar J., et al. Correction of extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis by the mesenteric to left portal vein bypass. Ann Surg 2006, 243:515-521.
98. Superina R., Shneider B., Emre S., et al. Surgical guidelines for the management of extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction. Pediatr Transplant 2006, 10:908-913.
99. Lautz T.B., Keys L.A., Melvin J.C., et al. Advantages of the meso-Rex bypass compared with portosystemic shunts in the management of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children. JAm Coll Surg 2013, 216(1):83-89.
100. Agarwal A.K., Sharma S., Singh S., et al. Portal biliopathy: a study of 39 surgically treated patients. HPB (Oxford) 2011, 13:33-39.
101. Chattopadhyay S., Govindasamy M., Singla P., et al. Portal biliopathy in patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension: does the type of surgery affect outcome?. HPB (Oxford) 2012, 14(7):441-447.
102. Alvarez F., Bernard O., Brunell F., et al. Portal obstruction in children. II. Results of surgical portosystemic shunts. J Pediatr 1983, 103:703-707.
103. Warren W.D., Henderson J.M., Millikan W.J., et al. Management of variceal bleeding in patients with noncirrhotic portal vein thrombosis. Ann Surg 1988 May, 207(5):623-634.
104. Mitra S.K., Rao K.L.N., Narasimhan K.L., et al. Side-to-side lienorenal shunt without splenectomy in noncirrhotic portal hypertension in children. J Pediatr Surg 1993, 28:398-401. discussion 401-2.
105. Lautz T.B., Sundaram S.S., Whitington P.F., et al. Growth impairment in children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction is improved by mesenterico-left portal vein bypass. J Pediatr Surg 2009, 44:2067-2070.