Spanish as the Second National Language of the United States: Fact, Future, Fiction, or Hope?

Review of Research in Education

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 33-57

  Macías, Reynaldo F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84897775547     PISSN: 0091732X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3102/0091732X13506544     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Alonso C.Spanish: The foreign national language.ADFL Bulletin. 2006;37 (2-3): 15-20.
2. Althoff F. D.Mexican indigenous languages at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Hidalgo M., ed. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter; 2006:167-191.
3. Álvarez-González J.Law, language and statehood: The role of English in the great state of Puerto Rico.Law and Inequality. 1999;17:359-443.
4. Belz H.Popular sovereignty, the right of revolution, and California Statehood.Nexus. 2001;6:3-22.
5. Castro v. State of California, 2 Cal. 3d 223 (1970).
6. Castro R.Perspectivas en Chicano Studies I. Papers presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the National Association of Chicano Social Science, 1975. Macías R. F., ed. Los Angeles, CA: National Association of Chicano Social Science and UCLA Chicano Studies Center; 1977:81-122.
7. Cox R.Spain and the founding fathers.Modern Language Journal. 1976;60 (3): 101-109.
8. Crawford J.Hold your tongue: Bilingualism and the politics of "English only.". Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; 1993:.
9. de Varennes FPax lingua, pax humanus: Linguistic rights as a foundation for peace. Barcelona, Spain: Keynote speech at the Linguistic Diversity and Sustainability Forum; 2004:.
10. Estrada L.The extent of Spanish/English bilingualism and language loyalty in the United States.Aztlán. 1985;15:379-392.
11. Ewing J. A.Education in California during the pre-statehood period.Annual Publication of the Historical Society of Southern California. 1918;11:51-59.
12. Fedynskyj J.State session laws in non-English languages: A chapter of American legal history.Indiana Law Journal. 1971;46:463-478.
13. Fishman J.Language loyalty in the United States: The maintenance and perpetuation of non-English mother tongues by American ethnic and religious groups. The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton; 1966:.
14. Fishman J.Developing minority language resources: The case of Spanish in California. Valdés G.Fishman J. A.Chávez R.Pérez W., ed. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters; 2006:273-288.
15. García O.Handbook of Hispanic sociolinguistics. Díaz-Campos M., ed. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011:667-685.
16. Godenzzi J.Spanish as a lingua franca.Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. 2006;26:100-122.
17. Gray E.New world Babel: Languages and nations in Early America. Princeton, NJ: University of Princeton Press; 1999:.
18. The language encounter in the Americas, 1492-1800. Gray E.Fiering N., ed. New York, NY: Berghahn Books; 2000:.
19. Greenberg E.,Macías R. F.,Rhodes D.,Chan T.English literacy and language minorities in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics; 2001:.
20. Griswold del Castillo R. G.The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A legacy of conflict. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press; 1990:.
21. Gutiérrez F.Spanish language media in America: Background, resources, history.Journalism History. 1977;4 (2): 34-41.
22. Heath S.Telling tongues: Language policy in Mexico, colony to nation. New York, NY: Teachers College Press; 1972:.
23. Heath S.Language in sociology. Verdoodt A.Kjolseth R., ed. Louvain, Belgium: Institute de Linguistique de Louvain & Éditions Peeters; 1976:49-92.
24. Mexican indigenous languages at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Hidalgo M., ed. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter; 2006:.
25. Huntington S.The Hispanic challenge.Foreign Policy, March-April. 2004;:30-45.
26. Johnson v. McIntosh, 1823, 21 US (8 Wheat.) 543, 5 L.Ed. 681.
27. Kloss H.Language rights of immigrant groups.International Migration Review. 1971;5:250-268.
28. Kloss H.The American bilingual tradition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House; 1977:.
29. Klotz E.El Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848. Sacramento, CA: Telefact Foundation; 1968:10-28.
30. Language policy and the Puerto Rican community.Bilingual Review/La Revista Bilingüe. 1978;5:1-39.
31. Leeman J.Racializing language: A history of linguistic ideologies in the US census.Journal of Language and Politics. 2004;3:507-534.
32. Leibowitz A.Educational policy and political acceptance: The imposition of English as the language of instruction in American schools. Washington, DC: ERIC Clearinghouse for Linguistics, Center for Applied Linguistics; 1971:.
33. Leibowitz A.Language and politics. O'Barr W.O'Barr J., ed. The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton; 1976:449-466.
34. Leibowitz A.The official character of English in the United States: Literacy requirements for immigration, citizenship, and entrance into American life.Aztlán. 1984;15:25-70.
35. Lepore J.The name of war: King Philip's war and the origins of American identity. New York, NY: Vintage Books; 1998:.
36. LewisM. P.SimonsG. F.FennigC. D. (Eds.). (2013). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (17th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved from http://www.ethnologue.com.
37. Lieberson S.,Curry T.Language shift in the United States: Some demographic clues.International Migration Review. 1971;5:123-137.
38. Lozano R.Translating California: Official Spanish usage in California's constitutional conventions and state legislature, 1848-1894.California Legal History. 2011;6:321-355.
39. Macías R. F.Georgetown University round table on languages and linguistics, 1979. Language in public life. Alatis J., ed. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press; 1979:86-101.
40. Macías R. F.Mexican Americans in comparative perspective. Connor W., ed. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press; 1985:283-308.
41. Macías R. F.Language in action: New studies of language in society. Griffin P.Peyton J.Wolfram W.Fasold R., ed. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press; 2000a:52-83.
42. Macías R. F.New immigrants in the United States. McKay S.Wong S., ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 2000b:11-57.
43. Handbook of Hispanic sociolinguistics. Mar-Molinero C.Paffey D.Díaz-Campos M., ed. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011:747-764.
44. Language ideologies, policies and practices: Language and the future of Europe. Mar-Molinero C.Stevenson P., ed. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan; 2006:.
45. Martínez O.On the size of the Chicano population: New estimates, 1850-1900.Aztlán. 1975;6:43-68.
46. Parodi C.Mexican indigenous languages at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Hidalgo M., ed. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter; 2006:29-52.
47. PEN International. (2011). Girona [Spain] Manifesto on Linguistic Rights. Retrieved from http://pen-international.org/who-we-are/translation-linguistic-rights/girona-manifesto/girona-manifesto-on-linguistic-rights/.
48. Pitt L.The decline of the Californios: A social history of the Spanish-speaking Californians, 1846-1890. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1966:.
49. Porcel J.Handbook of Hispanic sociolinguistics. Díaz-Campos M., ed. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011:623-645.
50. Ruiz M.Mexican American legal heritage in the southwest. Los Angeles, CA: Author; 1972:.
51. Sappiens A.Spanish in California.Journal of Communication. 1979;29 (2): 72-83.
52. Spaeth H.,Smith E.The Constitution of the United States. 1991). The Constitution of the United States (13th ed.). New York, NY: HarperPerennial.New York, NY: HarperPerennial; 1991:.
53. Terborg R., García,Landa L.,Moore P.Language planning and policy: Latin America: Vol. 1. Ecuador, Mexico and Paraguay. Baldauf R.Kaplan R., ed. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters; 2007:115-217.
54. Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights Follow-Up Committee. (1998). Universal declaration of linguistic rights. Barcelona, Spain: Author. Retrieved from http://www.linguistic-declaration.org/llibre-gb.htm.
55. US Census Bureau projections show a slower growing, older, more diverse nation a half century from now (Press Release CB12-243). Washington, DC: Author; 2012:.
56. Valdés G.Developing minority language resources: The case of Spanish in California. Valdés G.Fishman J. A.Chávez R.Pérez W., ed. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters; 2006:24-53.
57. Valdés G.,Fishman J.,Chávez R.,Pérez W.Developing minority language resources: The case of Spanish in California. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters; 2006:.
58. VollebaekK. (2010, February). Languages in social integration: Balancing the unbalanceable?Plenary address by the High Commissioner on National Minorities, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Retrieved from http://www.osce.org/hcnm/41837.
59. Wiley T.Political perspectives on language planning and language policy. Heubner T.Davis C., ed. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins; 1999:17-37.
60. Wiley T.Ricento T., ed. London, England: Blackwell; 2006:136-152.
61. Wiley T.,Lukes M.English-only and standard English ideologies in the United States.TESOL Quarterly. 1996;30:511-535.
62. Wolf E.Sons of the shaking earth-People of Mexico and Guatemala: Their land, history and culture. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1959:.