The effect of injection duration and injection site on pain and bruising of subcutaneous injection of heparin

Journal of Clinical Nursing

Volumn 23, Issue 7-8, 2014, Pages 1105-1113

  Pourghaznein, Tayebe ^a   Azimi, Amir Vahedian ^b   Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari ^c  

^a MASHHAD UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^b BAQIYATALLAH UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

^c TABRIZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

Bruising; Heparin; Injection duration; Injection site; Pain; Subcutaneous injection

Indexed keywords

HEPARIN;

CONTUSIONS; FEMALE; HUMAN; IRAN; MALE; PAIN; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE; SUBCUTANEOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; TEACHING HOSPITAL;

CONTUSIONS; FEMALE; HEPARIN; HOSPITALS, TEACHING; HUMANS; INJECTIONS, SUBCUTANEOUS; IRAN; MALE; PAIN; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE;

EID: 84897615565     PISSN: 09621067     EISSN: 13652702     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12291     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Annersten M & Willman A (2005) Performing subcutaneous injections: a literature review. Worldviews on Evidence-based Nursing 2, 122-130.
2. Babaee asl F (2009) Effect of injection duration on bruising associated with subcutaneous heparin. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences 10, 49-55.
3. Babaee asl F, Kheradmand M & Jafarian R (2009) Effects of injection duration on site - pain intensity associated with subcutaneous heparin. Feyz Journal 12, 34-38.
4. Balci Akpinar R & Celebioglu A (2008) Effect of injection duration on bruising associated with subcutaneous heparin: a quasi experimental within - subject design. International Journal of Nursing Studies 45, 812-817.
5. Brazeau GA, Cooper B, Svetic KA, Smith CL & Gupta P (1998) Current perspectives on pain upon injection of drugs. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 87, 667-674.
6. Chan H (2001) Effects of injection duration on site - pain intensity and bruising associated with subcutaneous heparin. Journal of Advanced Nursing 35, 882-892.
7. Chenicek TE (2004) Effects of Injection Duration on Site Pain Intensity and Bruising Associated With Subcutaneous Administration of Lovenox (Enoxaparin Sodium). Masters Thesis, The Florida State University School of Nursing, Tallahassee, FL. Available at: http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/ etd-07012004-143606.
8. Da silva AA, Cassiani SH & Optiz SP (2002) Evaluation of the technique of subcutaneous administration of heparin in the development of hematomas. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 55, 128-133.
9. Davies J, Lagattolla NR & Scholey G (2001) Fat necrosis associated with the subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin. Postgraduate Medical Journal 77, 43-44.
10. Ebersole P & Hess P (2001) Geriatric Nursing and Healthy Aging, 1st edn. Mosby Co., St Louis, MO.
11. Fahs P & Kinney M (1991) The abdomen, thigh and arm as sites for subcutaneous sodium heparin injection. Nursing Research 40, 204-207.
12. Guneli E, Gumustekin M & Ates M (2010) Possible involvement of ghrelin on pain threshold in obesity. Medical Hypotheses 74, 452-454.
13. Guyton AC & Hall JE (2006) Text Book of Medical Physiology, 11th edn. W. B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia, PA.
14. Hadley S, Chang M & Rogers K (1996) Effect of syringe size on bruising following subcutaneous heparin injection. American Journal of Critical Care 5, 271-276.
15. Hogan MA (2000) Administering and subcutaneous injection. In Fundamental of Nursing Care and Clinical Judgment, 1st edn (Harkreader H ed.). Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 567-569.
16. Hunter J (2008) Intramuscular injection techniques. Nursing Standard 22, 35-40.
17. Jaffer AK, Ahmed M, Brotman DJ, Bragg L, Seshadri N, Qadeer MA & Klein A (2005) Low-molecular-weight-heparins as periprocedural anticoagulation for patients on long-term warfarin therapy: a standardized bridging therapy protocol. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 20, 11-16.
18. Kalafut MA, Gandhi R, Kidwell CS & Saver JL (2000) Safety and cost of low-molecular-weight heparin as bridging anticoagulant therapy in subacute cerebral ischemia. Stroke 31, 2563-2568.
19. Kang HJ, Kwon MY, Choi BM, Koo MS, Jang YJ & Lee MA (2010) Clinical factors affecting the pain on injection of propofol. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 58, 239-243.
20. Klingman L (2000) Effects of changing needles prior to administering heparin subcutaneously. Heart and Lung 29, 70-75.
21. Kusu N & Ucar H (2001) The effect of cold on the occurrence of bruising, hematoma and pain at the injection site in subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin. International Journal of Nursing Studies 38, 51-59.
22. Lautenbacher S, Kunz M, Strate P, Nielsen J & Arendt-Nielsen L (2005) Age effects on pain thresholds, temporal summation and spatial summation of heat and pressure pain. Pain 115, 410-418.
23. Marshall C, Boldt-MacDonald K, McLenon R, Rennie E, Faraon M, Conoff S, Lesnek J, Becker C & Chu R (2011) A multidisciplinary approach to determine heparin dosing in pediatric vascular devices. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 28, 53-57.
24. McConnell EA (2000) Administering subcutaneous heparin. Nursing 30, 17.
25. Mitchell JR & Whitney FW (2001) The effect of injection speed on the perception of intramuscular injection pain. A clinical update. American Association of Occupational Health Nurses Journal 49, 286-292.
26. Neziri AY, Scaramozzino P, Andetsen OK, Dickenson AH, Arendt- Nielsen L & Curatolo M (2011) Reference values of mechanical and thermal pain tests in a pain - free population. European Journal of Pain 15, 376-383.
27. Robb DM & Kanji Z (2002) Comparison of two needle sizes for subcutaneous administration of enoxaparin: effects on size of hematomas and pain on injection. Pharmacotherapy 22, 1105-1109.
28. Ross S & Soltes D (1995) Heparin and hematoma: does ice make a difference. Journal of Advanced Nursing 21, 434-439.
29. Salamonson Y (2000) The ineffectiveness of a non-weight based heparin regimen in achieving therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in acute coronary syndrome. Australian Critical Care 13, 128-133.
30. Tashani OA, Alabas OA & Johnson MI (2010) Cold pressor pain responses in healthy Libyans: effect of sex/gender, anxiety and body size. Gender Medicine 7, 309-319.
31. Tehrani Neshat B, Azizizade Foroozi M & Mohhamad Alizade S (2003a) Effect of injection duration on bruising associated with subcutaneous heparin. Journal of Yazd Shaeed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences 12, 86-94.
32. Tehrani Neshat B, Azizizade Foroozi M & Mohhamad Alizade S (2003b) Effects of injection duration on site - pain intensity associated with subcutaneous heparin. Scientific Journal of Hamdan University Of Medical Sciences & Health Services 11, 55-59.
33. Warner GT & Perry CM (2001) Enoxaparin: in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical patients. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 1, 477-481.
34. Wee AS, Boyne RL, Abernathy SD & Nick TG (2004) Pain perception to nerve conduction and needle electromyographic procedures. Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association 45, 327-330.
35. Zayback A & Khorshid L (2008) A study on the effect of the duration of subcutaneous heparin injection on bruising and pain. Journal of Clinical Nursing 17, 378-385.
36. Zeraatkari K, Krimi M, Shahrzad MK & Changiz T (2005) Comparison of heparin subcutaneous injection in thigh, arm and abdomen. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 52 (Suppl.), A109.