Understanding the morphology of PTB7:PCBM blends in organic photovoltaics

Advanced Energy Materials

Volumn 4, Issue 5, 2014, Pages

  Liu, Feng ^a   Zhao, Wei ^a   Tumbleston, John R ^b   Wang, Cheng ^c   Gu, Yu ^a   Wang, Dong ^a   Briseno, Alejandro L ^a   Ade, Harald ^b   Russell, Thomas P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^b NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

crystallization; diffusion; low bandgap polymers; morphology; organic photovoltaics; structure property relationships

Indexed keywords

BUTYRIC ACID; CRYSTALLIZATION; DIFFUSION; ESTERIFICATION; ESTERS; EVAPORATION; FILM PREPARATION; PHASE SEPARATION; POLYMER BLENDS; SOLVENTS;

CRYSTALLINE AGGREGATES; DIFFUSION EXPERIMENTS; LOW BANDGAP POLYMERS; MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; PERFORMANCE OF DEVICES; PHASE SEPARATED MORPHOLOGY; STRUCTURE PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS;

MORPHOLOGY;

EID: 84897579346     PISSN: 16146832     EISSN: 16146840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201301377     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. C. J. Brabec, S. Gowrisanker, J. J. M. Halls, D. Laird, S. Jia, S. P. Williams, Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 3839.
2. B. C. Thompson, J. M. J. Fréchet, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 58.
3. F. Liu, Y. Gu, J. W. Jung, W. H. Jo, T. P. Russell, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2012, 50, 1018.
4. Y. Liang, Z. Xu, J. Xia, S.-T. Tsai, Y. Wu, G. Li, C. Ray, L. Yu, Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, E135.
5. Y. Liang, D. Feng, Y. Wu, S.-T. Tsai, G. Li, C. Ray, L. Yu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 7792.
6. H. J. Son, W. Wang, T. Xu, Y. Liang, Y. Wu, G. Li, L. Yu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 1885.
7. H.-Y. Chen, J. Hou, S. Zhang, Y. Liang, G. Yang, Y. Yang, L. Yu, Y. Wu, G. Li, Nat. Photonics 2009, 3, 649.
8. M. R. Hammond, R. J. Kline, A. A. Herzing, L. J. Richter, D. S. Germack, H.-W. Ro, C. L. Soles, D. A. Fischer, T. Xu, L. Yu, M. F. Toney, D. M. DeLongchamp, ACS Nano 2011, 5, 8248.
9. Z. He, C. Zhong, X. Huang, W.-Y. Wong, H. Wu, L. Chen, S. Su, Y. Cao, Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 4636.
10. Z. He, C. Zhong, S. Su, M. Xu, H. Wu, Y. Cao, Nat. Photonics 2012, 6, 593.
11. B. A. Collins, Z. Li, J. R. Tumbleston, E. Gann, C. R. McNeill, H. Ade, Adv. Energy Mater. 2013, 3, 65.
12. S. J. Lou, J. M. Szarko, T. Xu, L. Yu, T. J. Marks, L. X. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 20661.
13. W. Chen, T. Xu, F. He, W. Wang, C. Wang, J. Strzalka, Y. Liu, J. Wen, D. J. Miller, J. Chen, K. Hong, L. Yu, S. B. Darling, Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 3707.
14. W. Chen, M. P. Nikiforov, S. B. Darling, Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 8045.
15. D. M. DeLongchamp, R. J. Kline, A. Herzing, Energy Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 5980.
16. D. Chen, F. Liu, C. Wang, A. Nakahara, T. P. Russell, Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 2071.
17. E. Gann, A. T. Young, B. A. Collins, H. Yan, J. Nasiatka, H. A. Padmore, H. Ade, A. Hexemer, C. Wang, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2012, 83, 045110.
18. C. Wang, D. H. Lee, A. Hexemer, M. I. Kim, W. Zhao, H. Hasegawa, H. Ade, T. P. Russell, Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 3906.
19. H.-C. Liao, C.-S. Tsao, T.-H. Lin, C.-M. Chuang, C.-Y. Chen, U.-S. Jeng, C.-H. Su, Y.-F. Chen, W.-F. Su, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 13064.
20. P. E. Shaw, A. Ruseckas, I. D. W. Samuel, Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 3516.
21. F. Liu, Y. Gu, C. Wang, W. Zhao, D. Chen, A. L. Briseno, T. P. Russell, Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 3947.
22. N. Shin, L. J. Richter, A. A. Herzing, R. J. Kline, D. M. DeLongchamp, Adv. Energy Mater. 2013, 3, 938.
23. N. D. Treat, M. A. Brady, G. Smith, M. F. Toney, E. J. Kramer, C. J. Hawker, M. L. Chabinyc, Adv. Energy Mater. 2010, 1, 82.
24. H.-W. Ro, B. Akgun, B. T. O'Connor, M. Hammond, R. J. Kline, C. R. Snyder, S. K. Satija, A. L. Ayzner, M. F. Toney, C. L. Soles, D. M. DeLongchamp, Macromolecules 2012, 45, 6587.
25. Q. Wei, S. Miyanishi, K. Tajima, K. Hashimoto, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2009, 1, 2660.
26. C. Y. Hui, K. C. Wu, R. C. Lasky, E. J. Kramer, J. Appl. Phys. 1987, 61, 5137.
27. A. Peterlin, Polym. Lett. 1965, 3, 1083.
28. J. Xu, Y. Ma, W. Hu, M. Rehahn, G. Reiter, Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 348.
29. M. S. White, D. C. Olson, S. E. Shaheen, N. Kopidakis, D. S. Ginley, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 143517
30. A. L. D. Kilcoyne, T. Tyliszczak, W. F. Steele, S. Fakra, P. Hitchcock, K. Franck, E. Anderson, B. Harteneck, E. G. Rightor, G. E. Mitchell, A. P. Hitchcock, L. Yang, T. Warwick, H. Ade, 2003, J. Synchrotron Radiat. 10, 125.