Freedom from ignorance?: The great society and the evolution of the elementary and secondary education act of 1965

The Great Society and the High Tide of Liberalism

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 289-319

  McGuinn, Patrick ^a   Hess, Frederick ^b  

^a DREW UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84897326022     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (79)

1. U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Education of the American Population, U. S. Census of Population, Table 8, Washington, D. C.: 1999.
2. Paul Peterson, The Politics of School Reform: 1870-1940 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985), 5-22;
3. Michael Katz, Reconstructing American Education (Boston: Harvard University Press, 1987), 16-20;
4. Diane Ravitch, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000), 241-47.
5. Hugh Davis Graham, The Uncertain Triumph: Federal Education Policy in the Kennedy and Johnson Years (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984), xvii.
6. Ronald Story, "The New Deal and Higher Education", in The New Deal and the Triumph of Liberalism, ed. Sidney M. Milkis and Jerome M. Mileur (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2002).
7. (U. S. Department of Commerce, Education, Table 8).
8. Diane Ravitch, The Troubled Crusade: American Education, 1945-1980 (NewYork: Basic Books, 1983), 10-16.
9. James T. Patterson, Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
10. James L. Sundquist, Politics and Policy: The Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson Years (Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institution, 1968), 178.
11. James Guthrie, "The Future of Federal Education Policy", Teachers College Record 84, no. 3(1983):674.
12. Graham, Uncertain Triumph, xv.
13. Julie Roy Jeffrey, Education for Children of the Poor: A Study of the Origins and Implementation of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1978), 3.
14. Tinsley Spraggins, "New Educational Goals and Directions: A Perspective of Title I, ESEA", Journal of Negro Education 37, no. 1(1968):46.
15. Phillip Meranto, The Politics of Federal Aid to Education in 1965 (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1967), 104.
16. Harold Howe, "LBJ as the Education President", in The Presidency and Education, ed. Kenneth Thompson (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1990), 102.
17. Meranto, Politics of Federal Aid to Education, 132.
18. Joel Spring, Conflict of Interests: The Politics of American Education (Boston: McGraw Hill, 1999), 96-97.
19. Paul Peterson and Barry Rabe, "The Role of Interest Groups in the Formation of Educational Policy", Teachers College Record 84, no. 3(1983):717.
20. Howe, "LBJ as the Education President", 101-2.
21. Meranto, Politics of Federal Aid to Education in 1965;
22. Eugene Eidenberg and Roy Morey, An Act of Congress: The Legislative Process and the Making of Education Policy (New York: W. W. Norton, 1969);
23. Graham, Uncertain Triumph.
24. "Remarks in Johnson City, Texas, upon Signing the Elementary and Secondary Education Bill, April 11, 1965", in Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Lyndon B. Johnson, 1965, 2 vols. (Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1966), 1:412-14, entry 181.
25. Joel Spring, The Sorting Machine: National Educational Policy since 1945 (New York: David McKay, 1976), 225.
26. Eidenberg and Morey, Act of Congress, 247.
27. Theodore Lowi, "American Business, Public Policy Case Studies, and Political Theory", World Politics 16 (July 1964):677-715.
28. (Troubled Crusade, 150).
29. Peterson and Rabe, "Role of Interest Groups", 717.
30. Eidenberg and Morey, Act of Congress, 93.
31. Sundquist, Politics and Policy, 16.
32. Graham, Uncertain Triumph, 193.
33. Jack Jennings, "Title I: Its Legislative History and Its Promise", Phi Delta Kappan (March 2000):4.
34. Paul Peterson et al., When Federalism Works (Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1994), 136-40.
35. Graham, Uncertain Triumph, 204.
36. Joel Berke, Answers to Inequity: An Analysis of the New School Finance (Berkeley: McCutchan Publishing Corporation, 1974), 143.
37. Jerome Murphy, "Title I of ESEA: The Politics of Implementing Federal Education Reform", Harvard Educational Review 41 (February 1971):42.
38. John Hughes and Anne Hughes, Equal Education: A New National Strategy (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972), 50.
39. Graham, Uncertain Triumph, 22.
40. Steve Fraser and Gary Gerstle, ed., introduction to The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989), xix.
41. Hughes and Hughes, Equal Education, 57.
42. Ravitch, Troubled Crusade, 271.
43. John E. Chubb, "Excessive Regulation: The Case of Federal Aid to Education, Political Science Quarterly 100, no. 2(1985):287.
44. Ravitch, Troubled Crusade, 312.
45. National Center for Education Statistics, The Condition of Education 2000 (Washington, D. C.: National Center for Education Statistics, 2000), 395.
46. Deil S. Wright, Understanding Intergovernmental Relations (Pacific Grove, Calif.: Brooks Publishing, 1988), 195.
47. Michael Newman, America's Teachers (New York: Longman, 1994), 166.
48. Ravitch, Troubled Crusade, 267.
49. Michelle Fine, "Who's 'At Risk'?" Journal of Urban and Cultural Studies (November 1990):55, 64.
50. R. Shep Melnick, "Separation of Powers and the Strategy of Rights: The Expansion of Special Education", in The New Politics of Public Policy, ed. Marc C. Landy and Martin Levin (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), 24.
51. National Center for Education Statistics, Condition of Education 2000, 409.
52. Marshall Kaplan and Peggy Cuciti, eds., The Great Society and Its Legacy: Twenty Years of U. S. Social Policy (Durham: Duke University Press, 1986), 1, 13.
53. Joel Berke and Michael Kirst, Federal Aid to Education (Lexington, Mass.: Heath, 1972);
54. Berke, Answers to Inequity (1974);
55. Berke and Kirst, Federal Aid to Education, 45.
56. Jeffrey, Education for Children, 143.
57. Gareth Davies, From Opportunity to Entitlement: The Transformation and Decline of Great Society Liberalism (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996), 78.
58. Kaplan and Cuciti, Great Society, 217.
59. Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950-1980 (New York: Basic Books, 1984).
60. (Historic Documents of 1980 [Washington, D. C: Congressional Quarterly, 1981], 583-84).
61. Sar Levitan and Clifford Johnson, "Did the Great Society and Subsequent Initiatives Work?" in Kaplan and Cuciti, The Great Society and Its Legacy, 73.
62. Parris N. Glendening and Mavis Mann Reeves, Pragmatic Federalism: An Intergovernmental View of American Government (Pacific Palisades, Calif.: Palisades Publishers, 1984), 243.
63. D. T. Stallings, "A Brief History of the U. S. Department of Education, 1979-2002", Phi Delta Kappan 83, no. 9(2002):678.
64. Graham, Uncertain Triumph, 22.
65. Ravitch, Troubled Crusade, 320.
66. Michael Heise, "Goals 2000: Educate America Act; The Federalization and Legalization of Educational Policy", Fordham Law Review 63 (November 1994):11.
67. Frederick Hess and Patrick McGuinn, "Seeking the Mantle of 'Opportunity': Presidential Politics and the Educational Metaphor, 1964-2000", Educational Policy 16 (January-March 2002):72-95.
68. www.ndol.org/print,cfm?contentid=878.
69. www.presidency.ucsb.edu/platforms.
70. www.web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/form/academic/s-roper.html, accession number 0267644, question 3.
71. National Center for Education Statistics, Federal Support for Education: 1980-2001, NCES 2002-129 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 2002), 3.
72. Jena Heath, "Bush Education Plan Draws from All Sides", Austin-American Statesman, October 22, 1999, A1.
73. Melissa Marschall and Robert McKee, "From Campaign Promises to Presidential Policy: Education Reform in the 2000 Election", Educational Policy 16 (January-March 2002):101.
74. www.ed.gov/nclb at the Department of Education. For a detailed analysis of the provisions of the act
75. "Major Changes to ESEA in the No Child Left Behind Act", by the Learning First Alliance, at www.learningfirst.org.
76. Richard Elmore, "Unwarranted Intrusion", Education Next 2, no. 1 (Spring 2002):31-35.
77. the Digest of Education Statistics, 1999 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2000).
78. Hugh Heclo, "The Political Foundations of Anti-Poverty Policy", in Fighting Poverty, ed. Sheldon Danziger and Daniel Weinberg (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986)
79. Ira Katznelson, "Was the Great Society a Lost Opportunity?" in Fraser and Gerstle, Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 200.