Managing patients with psoriatic disease: The diagnosis and pharmacologic treatment of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis

Drugs

Volumn 74, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 423-441

  Mease, Philip J ^a,c   Armstrong, April W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Seattle Rhumatology Associates   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

6 N (3 IODOBENZYL)ADENOSINE 5' N METHYLCARBOXAMIDE; ADALIMUMAB; APREMILAST; BRODALUMAB; CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL; CYCLOSPORIN; CYCLOSPORIN A; DISEASE MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUG; ETANERCEPT; GOLIMUMAB; INFLIXIMAB; IXEKIZUMAB; JANUS KINASE INHIBITOR; LEFLUNOMIDE; METHOTREXATE; PROTEIN KINASE C INHIBITOR; RHEUMATOID FACTOR; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; SECUKINUMAB; USTEKINUMAB; GLUCOCORTICOID; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT;

CHRONIC PATIENT; CLINICAL FEATURE; DACTYLITIS; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG SAFETY; GENETIC DIFFERENCE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; NAIL DYSTROPHY; OSSIFICATION; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT MONITORING; PHOTOTHERAPY; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; SKIN DEFECT; SYMPTOM; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT PLANNING; ARTHRITIS, PSORIATIC; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); DRUG COMBINATION; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; GENETICS; IMMUNOLOGY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PSORIASIS;

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; ARTHRITIS, PSORIATIC; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PSORIASIS;

EID: 84897110560     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: 11791950     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40265-014-0191-y     Document Type: Review

References (202)

1. Nestle FO, Kaplan DH, Barker J. Psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(5):496-509.
2. Menter A, Gottlieb A, Feldman SR, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: section 1. Overview of psoriasis and guidelines of care for the treatment of psoriasis with biologics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5):826-50. (Pubitemid 351509656)
3. Chang CA, Gottlieb AB, Lizzul PF. Management of psoriatic arthritis from the view of the dermatologist. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2011;7(10):588-98.
4. Kurd SK, Gelfand JM. The prevalence of previously diagnosed and undiagnosed psoriasis in US adults: results from NHANES 2003-2004. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(2):218-24.
5. Augustin M, Reich K, Glaeske G, et al. Co-morbidity and age-related prevalence of psoriasis: analysis of health insurance data in Germany. Acta Derm Venereol. 2010;90(2):147-51.
6. Stern RS, Nijsten T, Feldman SR, et al. Psoriasis is common, carries a substantial burden even when not extensive, and is associated with widespread treatment dissatisfaction. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2004;9(2):136-9. (Pubitemid 38457271)
7. Gladman DD, Antoni C, Mease P, et al. Psoriatic arthritis: epidemiology, clinical features, course, and outcome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(Suppl 2):ii14-7. (Pubitemid 40288513)
8. Gottlieb A, Korman NJ, Gordon KB, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: section 2. Psoriatic arthritis: overview and guidelines of care for treatment with an emphasis on the biologics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5):851-64. (Pubitemid 351509657)
9. Mease PJ. Psoriatic arthritis: update on pathophysiology, assessment and management. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(Suppl 1):i77-84.
10. Ciocon DH, Kimball AB. Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: separate or one and the same? Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(5):850-60. (Pubitemid 47583502)
11. Winchester R, Minevich G, Steshenko V, et al. HLA associations reveal genetic heterogeneity in psoriatic arthritis and in the psoriasis phenotype. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(4):1134-44.
12. Chandran V, Cook RJ, Edwin J, et al. Soluble biomarkers differentiate patients with psoriatic arthritis from those with psoriasis without arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49(7):1399-405.
13. Ritchlin CT, Haas-Smith SA, Li P, et al. Mechanisms of TNF-alpha- and RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in psoriatic arthritis. J Clin Invest. 2003;111(6):821-31. (Pubitemid 37074957)
14. Batliwalla FM, Li W, Ritchlin CT, et al. Microarray analyses of peripheral blood cells identifies unique gene expression signature in psoriatic arthritis. Mol Med. 2005;11(1-12):21-9.
15. Gottlieb AB, Mease PJ, Jackson JM, et al. Clinical characteristics of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis in dermatologists' offices. J Dermatolog Treat. 2006;17(5):279-87. (Pubitemid 44595016)
16. Radtke MA, Reich K, Blome C, et al. Prevalence and clinical features of psoriatic arthritis and joint complaints in 2009 patients with psoriasis: results of a German national survey. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009;23(6):683-91.
17. Reich K, Kruger K, Mossner R, et al. Epidemiology and clinical pattern of psoriatic arthritis in Germany: a prospective interdisciplinary epidemiological study of 1511 patients with plaque-type psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160(5):1040-7.
18. Mease PJ, Papp KA, Gladman D, et al. The prevalence of rheumatologist-diagnosed psoriatic arthritis in psoriasis patients in European/North American dermatology clinics: results of the PREPARE study [abstract P007]. Dermatol Ther. 2012;2(10):S3-4.
19. Qureshi AA, Husni ME, Mody E. Psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis: need for a multidisciplinary approach. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2005;24(1):46-51. (Pubitemid 40410098)
20. Rapp SR, Feldman SR, Exum ML, et al. Psoriasis causes as much disability as other major medical diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;41(3 Pt 1):401-7. (Pubitemid 29418506)
21. Meyer N, Paul C, Feneron D, et al. Psoriasis: an epidemiological evaluation of disease burden in 590 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(9):1075-82.
22. Wu Y, Mills D, Bala M. Impact of psoriasis on patients' work and productivity: a retrospective, matched case-control analysis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2009;10(6):407-10.
23. Chan B, Hales B, Shear N, et al. Work-related lost productivity and its economic impact on Canadian patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. J Cutan Med Surg. 2009;13(4):192-7.
24. Verstappen SM, Watson KD, Lunt M, et al. Working status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49(8):1570-7.
25. Wallenius M, Skomsvoll JF, Koldingsnes W, et al. Work disability and health-related quality of life in males and females with psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(5):685-9.
26. Salaffi F, Carotti M, Gasparini S, et al. The health-related quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis: a comparison with a selected sample of healthy people. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009;7:25.
27. Brodszky V, Balint P, Geher P, et al. Disease burden of psoriatic arthritis compared to rheumatoid arthritis. Hungarian experiment. Rheumatol Int. 2009;30(2):199-205.
28. Singh JA, Strand V. Spondyloarthritis is associated with poor function and physical health-related quality of life. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(5):1012-20.
29. Armstrong AW, Harskamp CT, Armstrong EJ. Psoriasis and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;68(4):654-62.
30. Armstrong AW, Harskamp CT, Armstrong EJ. Psoriasis and the risk of diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(1):84-91.
31. Boehncke WH, Menter A. Burden of disease: psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013;14(5):377-88.
32. Mease PJ, Menter MA. Quality-of-life issues in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: outcome measures and therapies from a dermatological perspective. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54(4):685-704.
33. Kimball AB, Jacobson C, Weiss S, et al. The psychosocial burden of psoriasis. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2005;6(6):383-92. (Pubitemid 43128290)
34. Lundberg L, Johannesson M, Silverdahl M, et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis measured with SF-36, DLQI and a subjective measure of disease activity. Acta Derm Venereol. 2000;80(6):430-4. (Pubitemid 32156226)
35. Mease PJ. Psoriatic arthritis - update on pathophysiology, assessment, and management. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 2010;68(3):191-8.
36. Landells I, MacCallum C, Khraishi M. The role of the dermatologist in identification and treatment of the early stages of psoriatic arthritis. Skin Ther Lett. 2008;13(4):4-7.
37. Moll JM, Wright V. Familial occurrence of psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1973;32(3):181-201.
38. Duffin KC, Chandran V, Gladman DD, et al. Genetics of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: update and future direction. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(7):1449-53. (Pubitemid 352000802)
39. Hohler T, Kruger A, Schneider PM, et al. A TNF-alpha promoter polymorphism is associated with juvenile onset psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. J Invest Dermatol. 1997;109(4):562-5. (Pubitemid 27433602)
40. Rahman P, Siannis F, Butt C, et al. TNFalpha polymorphisms and risk of psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(7):919-23.
41. Rahman P, Bartlett S, Siannis F, et al. CARD15: a pleiotropic autoimmune gene that confers susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis. Am J Hum Genet. 2003;73(3):677-81. (Pubitemid 37076282)
42. Zhu K, Yin X, Tang X, et al. Meta-analysis of NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32(7):1893-900.
43. Huffmeier U, Lascorz J, Bohm B, et al. Genetic variants of the IL-23R pathway: association with psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis vulgaris, but no specific risk factor for arthritis. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(2):355-8.
44. Castelino M, Barton A. Genetic susceptibility factors for psoriatic arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2010;22(2):152-6.
45. Filer C, Ho P, Smith RL, et al. Investigation of association of the IL12B and IL23R genes with psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(12):3705-9.
46. Jadon D, Tillett W, Wallis D, et al. Association of ERAP1, IL12B and IL23R gene polymorphisms with subphenotypes of psoriatic arthritis [abstract 1366]. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(10 Suppl):S534.
47. Ellinghaus E, Stuart PE, Ellinghaus D, et al. Genome-wide meta-analysis of psoriatic arthritis identifies susceptibility locus at REL. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132(4):1133-40.
48. Eder L, Pellett F, Chandran V, et al. HLA-B*27 and Cw*06 are risk alleles for psoriatic arthritis among psoriasis patients [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(Suppl 10):1974.
49. Giardina E, Predazzi I, Sinibaldi C, et al. PSORS2 markers are not associated with psoriatic arthritis in the Italian population. Hum Hered. 2006;61(2):120-2. (Pubitemid 43883130)
50. Rahman P, Roslin NM, Pellett FJ, et al. High resolution mapping in the major histocompatibility complex region identifies multiple independent novel loci for psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(4):690-4.
51. Alenius GM, Friberg C, Nilsson S, et al. Analysis of 6 genetic loci for disease susceptibility in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(11):2230-5. (Pubitemid 39453244)
52. Van Parijs L, Abbas AK. Homeostasis and self-tolerance in the immune system: turning lymphocytes off. Science. 1998;280(5361):243-8. (Pubitemid 28178061)
53. Serezani CH, Ballinger MN, Aronoff DM, et al. Cyclic AMP: master regulator of innate immune cell function. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008;39(2):127-32.
54. Baumer W, Hoppmann J, Rundfeldt C, et al. Highly selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of allergic skin diseases and psoriasis. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2007;6(1):17-26. (Pubitemid 46488295)
55. Uyemura K, Yamamura M, Fivenson DF, et al. The cytokine network in lesional and lesion-free psoriatic skin is characterized by a T-helper type 1 cell-mediated response. J Invest Dermatol. 1993;101(5):701-5. (Pubitemid 23322027)
56. Zaba LC, Fuentes-Duculan J, Eungdamrong NJ, et al. Psoriasis is characterized by accumulation of immunostimulatory and Th1/Th17 cell-polarizing myeloid dendritic cells. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(1):79-88.
57. Yawalkar N, Tscharner GG, Hunger RE, et al. Increased expression of IL-12p70 and IL-23 by multiple dendritic cell and macrophage subsets in plaque psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci. 2009;54(2):99-105.
58. Johansen C, Usher PA, Kjellerup RB, et al. Characterization of the interleukin-17 isoforms and receptors in lesional psoriatic skin. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160(2):319-24.
59. Raychaudhuri SP, Raychaudhuri SK, Genovese MC. IL-17 receptor and its functional significance in psoriatic arthritis. Mol Cell Biochem. 2012;359(1-2):419-29.
60. Piskin G, Sylva-Steenland RMR, Bos JD, et al. In vitro and in situ expression of IL-23 by keratinocytes in healthy skin and psoriasis lesions: enhanced expression in psoriatic skin. J Immunol. 2006;176(3):1908-15. (Pubitemid 43134336)
61. Lowes MA, Chamian F, Abello MV, et al. Increase in TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase-expressing dendritic cells in psoriasis and reduction with efalizumab (anti-CD11a). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102(52):19057-62. (Pubitemid 43049565)
62. Williams IR, Kupper TS. Immunity at the surface: homeostatic mechanisms of the skin immune system. Life Sci. 1996;58(18):1485-507. (Pubitemid 26130521)
63. Zaba LC, Fuentes-Duculan J, Eungdamrong NJ, et al. Identification of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and other molecules that distinguish inflammatory from resident dendritic cells in patients with psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(6):1261-8.
64. Rihl M, Kellner H, Kellner W, et al. Identification of interleukin-7 as a candidate disease mediator in spondylarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(11):3430-5.
65. Chu CC, Di Meglio P, Nestle FO. Harnessing dendritic cells in inflammatory skin diseases. Semin Immunol. 2011;23(1):28-41.
66. Austin LM, Ozawa M, Kikuchi T, et al. The majority of epidermal T cells in psoriasis vulgaris lesions can produce type 1 cytokines, interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, defining TC1 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) and TH1 effector populations: a type 1 differentiation bias is also measured in circulating blood T cells in psoriatic patients. J Invest Dermatol. 1999;113(5):752-9.
67. Henno A, Blacher S, Lambert CA, et al. Histological and transcriptional study of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in uninvolved skin, acute pinpoint lesions and established psoriasis plaques: an approach of vascular development chronology in psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci. 2010;57(3):162-9.
68. Coates LC, Anderson RR, Fitzgerald O, et al. Clues to the pathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis from imaging: a literature review. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(7):1438-42. (Pubitemid 352002777)
69. Dalbeth N, Pool B, Smith T, et al. Circulating mediators of bone remodeling in psoriatic arthritis: implications for disordered osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(4):R164.
70. Gladman DD, Stafford-Brady F, Chang CH, et al. Longitudinal study of clinical and radiological progression in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1990;17(6):809-12. (Pubitemid 20213507)
71. McHugh NJ, Balachrishnan C, Jones SM. Progression of peripheral joint disease in psoriatic arthritis: a 5-yr prospective study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42(6):778-83. (Pubitemid 37220911)
72. Kane D, Stafford L, Bresnihan B, et al. A prospective, clinical and radiological study of early psoriatic arthritis: an early synovitis clinic experience. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42(12):1460-8. (Pubitemid 37508919)
73. Moll JM, Wright V. Psoriatic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1973;3(1):55-78.
74. Brockbank J, Gladman D. Diagnosis and management of psoriatic arthritis. Drugs. 2002;62(17):2447-57. (Pubitemid 35448135)
75. Mease PJ, Gladman DD, Keystone EC. Alefacept in combination with methotrexate for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(5):1638-45.
76. Tikly M, Makda MA. A diagnostic approach to the common arthritic conditions. SA Fam Pract. 2009;51(3):188-93.
77. Marchesoni A, Atzeni F, Spadaro A, et al. Identification of the clinical features distinguishing psoriatic arthritis and fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(4):849-55.
78. Hauser W, Hayo S, Biewer W, et al. Diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome-a comparison of Association of the Medical Scientific Societies in Germany, survey, and American College of Rheumatology criteria. Clin J Pain. 2010;26(6):505-11.
79. VanItallie TB. Gout: epitome of painful arthritis. Metabolism. 2010;59(Suppl 1):S32-6.
80. Vazquez-Mellado J, Hernandez-Cuevas CB, Alvarez-Hernandez E, et al. The diagnostic value of the proposal for clinical gout diagnosis (CGD). Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(3):429-34.
81. Mease PJ. Inflammatory musculoskeletal disease: identification and assessment. J Rheumatol. 2011;38(3):557-61.
82. Khraishi M, Landells I, Mugford G. The self-administered Psoriasis and Arthritis Screening Questionnaire (PASQ): a sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of early and established psoriatic arthritis. Psoriasis Forum. 2010;16(2):9-16.
83. Alenius GM, Stenberg B, Stenlund H, et al. Inflammatory joint manifestations are prevalent in psoriasis: prevalence study of joint and axial involvement in psoriatic patients, and evaluation of a psoriatic and arthritic questionnaire. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(12):2577-82. (Pubitemid 35416965)
84. Husni ME, Meyer KH, Cohen DS, et al. The PASE questionnaire: pilot-testing a psoriatic arthritis screening and evaluation tool. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57(4):581-7. (Pubitemid 47384917)
85. Ibrahim GH, Buch MH, Lawson C, et al. Evaluation of an existing screening tool for psoriatic arthritis in people with psoriasis and the development of a new instrument: the Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool (PEST) questionnaire. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27(3):469-74.
86. Chandran V, Gladman DD. Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Screening (ToPAS) questionnaire: a report from the GRAPPA 2009 Annual Meeting. J Rheumatol. 2011;38(3):546-7.
87. Khraishi M, Mong J, Mugford G, et al. The electronic Psoriasis and Arthritis Screening Questionnaire (ePASQ): a sensitive and specific tool to diagnose psoriatic arthritis patients. J Cutan Med Surg. 2011;15(3):143-9.
88. Tinazzi I, Adami S, Zanolin EM, et al. The early psoriatic arthritis screening questionnaire: a simple and fast method for the identification of arthritis in patients with psoriasis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51(11):2058-63.
89. Gossec L, Smolen JS, Gaujoux-Viala C, et al. European League Against Rheumatism recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(1):4-12.
90. Taylor W, Gladman D, Helliwell P, et al. Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: development of new criteria from a large international study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(8):2665-73. (Pubitemid 44205029)
91. Gladman DD, Chandran V. Review of clinical registries of psoriatic arthritis: lessons learned? Value for the future? Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2011;13(4):346-52.
92. Brockbank JE, Stein M, Schentag CT, et al. Dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis: a marker for disease severity? Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(2):188-90. (Pubitemid 40193609)
93. Mease PJ, van der Heijde D. Joint damage in psoriatic arthritis: how is it assessed and can it be prevented? Int J Adv Rheumatol. 2006;4(2):38-48.
94. Wright V. Psoriasis and arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1956;15(4):348-56.
95. Wilson FC, Icen M, Crowson CS, et al. Incidence and clinical predictors of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: a population-based study. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61(2):233-9.
96. McGonagle D, Palmou Fontana N, Tan AL, et al. Nailing down the genetic and immunological basis for psoriatic disease. Dermatology. 2010;221(Suppl 1):15-22.
97. Mease P. Management of psoriatic arthritis: the therapeutic interface between rheumatology and dermatology. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2006;8(5):348-54. (Pubitemid 44638827)
98. Punzi L, Podswiadek M, Oliviero F, et al. Laboratory findings in psoriatic arthritis. Reumatismo. 2007;59(Suppl 1):52-5.
99. Bogliolo L, Alpini C, Caporali R, et al. Antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(3):511-5. (Pubitemid 40381424)
100. Bonifati C, Elia F, Francesconi F, et al. The diagnosis of early psoriatic arthritis in an outpatient dermatological centre for psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(5):627-33.
101. Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: section 6. Guidelines of care for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: case-based presentations and evidence-based conclusions. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(1):137-74.
102. Mease PJ. Measures of psoriatic arthritis: Tender and Swollen Joint Assessment, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), Modified Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (mNAPSI), Mander/Newcastle Enthesitis Index (MEI), Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI), Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC), Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesis Score (MASES), Leeds Dactylitis Index (LDI), Patient Global for Psoriatic Arthritis, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life (PsAQOL), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria (PsARC), Psoriatic Arthritis Joint Activity Index (PsAJAI), Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), and Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (CPDAI). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(Suppl 11):S64-85.
103. Helliwell PS, Fitzgerald O, Fransen J, et al. The development of candidate composite disease activity and responder indices for psoriatic arthritis (GRACE project). Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(6):986-91.
104. Bond SJ, Farewell VT, Schentag CT, et al. Predictors for radiological damage in psoriatic arthritis: results from a single centre. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(3):370-6. (Pubitemid 46579640)
105. Willkens RF, Williams HJ, Ward JR, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of low-dose pulse methotrexate in psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1984;27(4):376-81. (Pubitemid 14134777)
106. Kingsley GH, Kowalczyk A, Taylor H, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of methotrexate in psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51(8):1368-77.
107. Abu-Shakra M, Gladman DD, Thorne JC, et al. Longterm methotrexate therapy in psoriatic arthritis: clinical and radiological outcome. J Rheumatol. 1995;22(2):241-5.
108. Chandran V, Schentag CT, Gladman DD. Reappraisal of the effectiveness of methotrexate in psoriatic arthritis: results from a longitudinal observational cohort. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(3):469-71. (Pubitemid 351374423)
109. Clegg DO, Reda DJ, Mejias E, et al. Comparison of sulfasalazine and placebo in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. A Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39(12):2013-20.
110. Gupta AK, Grober JS, Hamilton TA, et al. Sulfasalazine therapy for psoriatic arthritis: a double blind, placebo controlled trial. J Rheumatol. 1995;22(5):894-8.
111. Dougados M, vam der Linden S, Leirisalo-Repo M, et al. Sulfasalazine in the treatment of spondyloarthropathy. A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(5):618-27.
112. Kaltwasser JP, Nash P, Gladman D, et al. Efficacy and safety of leflunomide in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis: a multinational, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(6):1939-50. (Pubitemid 38725106)
113. Nash P, Thaci D, Behrens F, et al. Leflunomide improves psoriasis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: an in-depth analysis of data from the TOPAS study. Dermatology. 2006;212(3):238-49.
114. Ash Z, Gaujoux-Viala C, Gossec L, et al. A systematic literature review of drug therapies for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: current evidence and meta-analysis informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(3):319-26.
115. Fraser AD, van Kuijk AW, Westhovens R, et al. A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, multicentre trial of combination therapy with methotrexate plus ciclosporin in patients with active psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(6):859-64. (Pubitemid 40733909)
116. Salvarani C, Macchioni P, Olivieri I, et al. A comparison of cyclosporine, sulfasalazine, and symptomatic therapy in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2001;28(10):2274-82. (Pubitemid 32947875)
117. Mahrle G, Schulze HJ, Brautigam M, et al. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of low-dose cyclosporin A in psoriatic arthritis. A prospective multicentre study. Br J Dermatol. 1996;135(5):752-7. (Pubitemid 26375893)
118. Antoni CE, Kavanaugh A, Kirkham B, et al. Sustained benefits of infliximab therapy for dermatologic and articular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis: results from the Infliximab Multinational Psoriatic Arthritis Controlled Trial (IMPACT). Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(4):1227-36. (Pubitemid 40530131)
119. Kavanaugh A, Antoni CE, Gladman D, et al. The Infliximab Multinational Psoriatic Arthritis Controlled Trial (IMPACT): results of radiographic analyses after 1 year. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(8):1038-43. (Pubitemid 44133266)
120. Mease PJ, Gladman DD, Ritchlin CT, et al. Adalimumab for the treatment of patients with moderately to severely active psoriatic arthritis: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(10):3279-89. (Pubitemid 41447111)
121. Gladman DD, Mease PJ, Ritchlin CT, et al. Adalimumab for long-term treatment of psoriatic arthritis: forty-eight week data from the Adalimumab Effectiveness in Psoriatic Arthritis Trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(2):476-88.
122. Kavanaugh A, McInnes I, Mease P, et al. Golimumab, a new human tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody, administered every four weeks as a subcutaneous injection in psoriatic arthritis: twenty-four-week efficacy and safety results of a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(4):976-86.
123. Kavanaugh A, van der Heijde D, McInnes IB, et al. Golimumab in psoriatic arthritis: one-year clinical efficacy, radiographic, and safety results from a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(8):2504-17.
124. Gottlieb A, Menter A, Mendelsohn A, et al. Ustekinumab, a human interleukin 12/23 monoclonal antibody, for psoriatic arthritis: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Lancet. 2009;373(9664):633- 40.
125. Fitzgerald O, Helliwell P, Mease P, et al. Application of composite disease activity scores in psoriatic arthritis to the PRESTA data set. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(3):358-62.
126. Mease PJ, Kivitz AJ, Burch FX, et al. Etanercept treatment of psoriatic arthritis: safety, efficacy, and effect on disease progression. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(7):2264-72. (Pubitemid 38924405)
127. Mease PJ, Fleischmann R, Deodhar AA, et al. Effect of certolizumab pegol on signs and symptoms in patients with psoriatic arthritis: 24-week results of a phase 3 double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study (RAPID-PsA). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):48-55.
128. van der Heijde D, Fleischmann R, Wollenhaupt J, et al. Effect of different imputation approaches on the evaluation of radiographic progression in patients with psoriatic arthritis: results of the RAPID-PsA 24-week phase III double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study of certolizumab pegol. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):233-7.
129. Ritchlin CT, Kavanaugh A, Gladman DD, et al. Treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(9):1387-94.
130. Meyerhoff JO. Exacerbation of psoriasis with meclofenamate. N Engl J Med. 1983;309(8):496. (Pubitemid 13041497)
131. Clark DW, Coulter DM. Psoriasis associated with rofecoxib. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139(9):1223. (Pubitemid 37128396)
132. Ben-Chetrit E, Rubinow A. Exacerbation of psoriasis by ibuprofen. Cutis. 1986;38(1):45. (Pubitemid 16062090)
133. Reshad H, Hargreaves GK, Vickers CF. Generalized pustular psoriasis precipitated by phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone. Br J Dermatol. 1983;109(1):111-3. (Pubitemid 13073752)
134. Powles AV, Griffiths CE, Seifert MH, et al. Exacerbation of psoriasis by indomethacin. Br J Dermatol. 1987;117(6):799-800. (Pubitemid 18067507)
135. Flytstrom I, Stenberg B, Svensson A, et al. Methotrexate vs ciclosporin in psoriasis: effectiveness, quality of life and safety. A randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2008;158(1):116-21. (Pubitemid 350221914)
136. Saurat JH, Stingl G, Dubertret L, et al. Efficacy and safety results from the randomized controlled Comparative Study of Adalimumab vs Methotrexate vs Placebo in Patients with Psoriasis (CHAMPION). Br J Dermatol. 2008;158(3):558-66. (Pubitemid 351239154)
137. Reich K, Langley RG, Papp KA, et al. A 52-week trial comparing briakinumab with methotrexate in patients with psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(17):1586-96.
138. Menter A, Korman NJ, Elmets CA, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: section 4. Guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis with traditional systemic agents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;61:451-85.
139. Nielsen OH, Bukhave K, Elmgreen J, et al. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in human neutrophils by sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid. Dig Dis Sci. 1987;32(6):577-82. (Pubitemid 17084873)
140. Gupta AK, Ellis CN, Siegel MT, et al. Sulfasalazine improves psoriasis. A double-blind analysis. Arch Dermatol. 1990;126(4):487-93. (Pubitemid 20128962)
141. Farr M, Kitas GD, Waterhouse L, et al. Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with sulphasalazine: a one year open study. Clin Rheumatol. 1988;7(3):372-7. (Pubitemid 19235975)
142. Farr M, Kitas GD, Waterhouse L, et al. Sulphasalazine in psoriatic arthritis: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Br J Rheumatol. 1990;29(1):46-9. (Pubitemid 20040239)
143. Combe B, Goupille P, Kuntz JL, et al. Sulphasalazine in psoriatic arthritis: a randomized, multicentre, placebo-controlled study. Br J Rheumatol. 1996;35(7):664-8.
144. Breedveld FC, Dayer JM. Leflunomide: mode of action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59(11):841-9.
145. Matsuda S, Koyasu S. Mechanisms of action of cyclosporine. Immunopharmacology. 2000;47(2-3):119-25. (Pubitemid 30394535)
146. Berth-Jones J, Henderson CA, Munro CS, et al. Treatment of psoriasis with intermittent short course cyclosporin (Neoral). A multicentre study. Br J Dermatol. 1997;136(4):527-30. (Pubitemid 27160325)
147. Ellis CN, Fradin MS, Messana JM, et al. Cyclosporine for plaque-type psoriasis. Results of a multidose, double-blind trial. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(5):277-84.
148. Faerber L, Braeutigam M, Weidinger G, et al. Cyclosporine in severe psoriasis. Results of a meta-analysis in 579 patients. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2001;2(1):41-7. (Pubitemid 32405893)
149. Ho VC, Griffiths CE, Albrecht G, et al. Intermittent short courses of cyclosporin (Neoral(R)) for psoriasis unresponsive to topical therapy: a 1-year multicentre, randomized study. The PISCES Study Group. Br J Dermatol. 1999;141(2):283-91. (Pubitemid 29397997)
150. Ho VC, Griffiths CE, Berth-Jones J, et al. Intermittent short courses of cyclosporine microemulsion for the long-term management of psoriasis: a 2-year cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44(4):643-51. (Pubitemid 32249523)
151. Mrowietz U, Farber L, Henneicke-vonZepelin HH, et al. Long-term maintenance therapy with cyclosporine and posttreatment survey in severe psoriasis: results of a multicenter study. German Multicenter Study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995;33(3):470-5.
152. Shupack J, Abel E, Bauer E, et al. Cyclosporine as maintenance therapy in patients with severe psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;36(3 Pt 1):423-32. (Pubitemid 27131966)
153. Leonardi CL, Powers JL, Matheson RT, et al. Etanercept as monotherapy in patients with psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(21):2014-22. (Pubitemid 37448924)
154. Tyring S, Gottlieb A, Papp K, et al. Etanercept and clinical outcomes, fatigue, and depression in psoriasis: double-blind placebo-controlled randomised phase III trial. Lancet. 2006;367(9504):29-35. (Pubitemid 43038667)
155. Reich K, Nestle FO, Papp K, et al. Infliximab induction and maintenance therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: a phase III, multicentre, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9494):1367-74. (Pubitemid 41443403)
156. Cimzia [package insert]. Smyrna: UCB, Inc.; 2013.
157. UCB receives CHMP positive opinion for Cimzia® (certolizumab pegol) in active psoriatic arthritis [press release]. UCB, 2013. http://www.ucb. presscentre.com/News/UCB-receives-CHMP-positive-opinion-for-Cimzia-certolizumab- pegol-in-active-psoriatic-arthritis-469.aspx (Accessed 17 Jan 2014).
158. Reich K, Ortonne JP, Gottlieb AB, et al. Successful treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis with the PEGylated Fab' certolizumab pegol: results of a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a re-treatment extension. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(1):180-90.
159. Armstrong AW. Do TNF inhibitors reduce the risk of myocardial infarction in psoriasis patients? JAMA. 2013;309(19):2043-4.
160. Leonardi CL, Kimball AB, Papp KA, et al. Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab, a human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriasis: 76-week results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (PHOENIX 1). Lancet. 2008;371(9625):1665-74. (Pubitemid 351671883)
161. Griffiths CE, Strober BE, van de Kerkhof P, et al. Comparison of ustekinumab and etanercept for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(2):118-28.
162. McInnes IB, Kavanaugh A, Gottlieb AB, et al. Ustekinumab in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: results of the phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled PSUMMIT I study [abstract OP0158]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(Suppl 3):107.
163. Ritchlin CT, Gottlieb AB, McInnes IB, et al. Ustekinumab in active psoriatic arthritis including patients previously treated with anti-TNF agents: results of a phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study [abstract 2557]. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(10 Suppl):S1080-1.
164. Young MS, Horn EJ, Cather JC. The ACCEPT study: ustekinumab versus etanercept in moderate-to-severe psoriasis patients. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2011;7(1):9-13.
165. Alwawi EA, Krulig E, Gordon KB. Long-term efficacy of biologics in the treatment of psoriasis: what do we really know? Dermatol Ther. 2009;22(5):431-40.
166. Gniadecki R, Kragballe K, Dam TN, et al. Comparison of drug survival rates for adalimumab, etanercept and infliximab in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(5):1091-6.
167. Saurat JH, Guerin A, Yu AP, et al. High prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions for psoriasis patients prescribed methotrexate or cyclosporine for psoriasis: associated clinical and economic outcomes in real-world practice. Dermatology. 2010;220(2):128-37.
168. Ravindran V, Scott DL, Choy EH. A systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and toxicity of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs and biological agents for psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(6):855-9. (Pubitemid 351829388)
169. Kitamura G, Mehr N, Anderson N, et al. A case of tuberculosis in a patient on efalizumab and etanercept for treatment of refractory palmopustular psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Dermatol Online J. 2009;15(2):11.
170. Hamilton TK. Treatment of psoriatic arthritis and recalcitrant skin disease with combination therapy. J Drugs Dermatol. 2008;7(11):1089-93.
171. Adisen E, Karaca F, Gurer MA. When there is no single best biological agent: psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in the same patient responding to two different biological agents. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008;33(2):164-6. (Pubitemid 351197223)
172. Heinecke GM, Luber AJ, Levitt JO, et al. Combination use of ustekinumab with other systemic therapies: a retrospective study in a tertiary referral center. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(10):1098-102.
173. Cuchacovich R, Garcia-Valladares I, Espinoza LR. Combination biologic treatment of refractory psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(1):187-93.
174. Houslay MD, Schafer P, Zhang KY. Keynote review: phosphodiesterase-4 as a therapeutic target. Drug Discov Today. 2005;10(22):1503-19. (Pubitemid 41527193)
175. Schafer PH, Parton A, Gandhi AK, et al. Apremilast, a cAMP phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in a model of psoriasis. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;159:842-55.
176. Schafer PH. Effects of apremilast on innate and adaptive immune responses [poster]. 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Dermatological Research, Barcelona; 2011.
177. Papp K, Cather J, Rosoph L, et al. The efficacy of apremilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis: results of a phase 2 randomised study. Lancet. 2012;380:738-46.
178. Schett G, Wollenhaupt J, Papp K, et al. Oral apremilast in the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(10):3156-67.
179. Reich K, Papp K, Leonardi C, et al. Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: 16-week results of a phase 3, randomized, controlled trial (ESTEEM 1) [oral presentation]. Annual meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology, Miami; 2013.
180. Papp K, Reich K, Leonardi C et al. Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor in nail and scalp psoriasis: 52-week results from the ESTEEM 1 study [abstract P1601]. Annual Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul; 2013.
181. Kavanaugh A, Mease PJ, Gomez-Reino JJ, et al. Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in patients with psoriatic arthritis: results of a phase 3, randomized, controlled trial [abstract L13]. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(12):4172-3.
182. Celgene International Sarl. Apremilast achieves statistical significance for the primary endpoint of the first phase III study (PALACE-1) in patients with psoriatic arthritis [press release]; 2012. http://ir.celgene.com/phoenix. zhtml?c=111960&p=irolnewsArticle&ID=1714113&highlight= (Accessed 6 Aug 2013).
183. van Vollenhoven RF, Fleischmann R, Cohen S, et al. Tofacitinib or adalimumab versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(6):508-19.
184. Fleischmann R, Kremer J, Cush J, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of tofacitinib monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(6):495-507.
185. Fleischmann R, Cutolo M, Genovese MC, et al. Phase 2B dose-ranging study of the oral JAK inhibitor tofacitinib (CP-690,550) or adalimumab monotherapy versus placebo in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to DMARDs. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(3):617-29.
186. Boy MG, Wang C, Wilkinson BE, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study to evaluate the pharmacologic effect of CP-690,550 in patients with psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 2009;129(9):2299-302.
187. Papp KA, Menter A, Strober B, et al. Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, in the treatment of psoriasis: a phase 2b randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging study. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(3):668-77.
188. Papp KA, Langley RG, Sigurgeirsson B, et al. Efficacy and safety of secukinumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II dose-ranging study. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168(2):412-21.
189. Rich P, Sigurgeirsson B, Thaci D, et al. Secukinumab induction and maintenance therapy in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II regimen-finding study. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168(2):402-11.
190. McInnes IB, Sieper J, Braun J, et al. Efficacy and safety of secukinumab, a fully human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriatic arthritis: a 24-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II proof-of-concept trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(2):349-56.
191. Papp KA, Leonardi C, Menter A, et al. Brodalumab, an anti-interleukin-17- receptor antibody for psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(13):1181-9.
192. Mease PJ, Genovese MC, Greenwald MW, et al. Efficacy of brodalumab, an anti-IL-17R antibody, in subjects with psoriatic arthritis [abstract OP0103]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(Suppl 3):85.
193. Leonardi C, Matheson R, Zachariae C, et al. Anti-interleukin-17 monoclonal antibody ixekizumab in chronic plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(13):1190-9.
194. Skvara H, Dawid M, Kleyn E, et al. The PKC inhibitor AEB071 may be a therapeutic option for psoriasis. J Clin Invest. 2008;118(9):3151-9.
195. David M, Akerman L, Ziv M, et al. Treatment of plaque-type psoriasis with oral CF101: data from an exploratory randomized phase 2 clinical trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(3):361-7.
196. Papp KA. Secukinumab efficacy and safety preliminary results from a phase II subcutaneous dose-ranging study in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis [abstract FC01.5]. Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Lisbon; 2011.
197. Papp KA. Secukinumab, a novel fully human antibody to interleukin-17A, in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: efficacy and safety interim results from a phase II intravenous induction dose-ranging study [abstract FC01.7]. Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Lisbon; 2011.
198. Rich PA. Secukinumab, a new fully human monoclonal anti-Interleukin-17A antibody, in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: interim efficacy and safety data from a phase II regimen-finding trial [abstract FC01.6]. Congress of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Lisbon; 2011.
199. Mease PJ, Fleischmann R, Deodhar A, et al. Effect of certolizumab pegol on signs and symptoms in patients with psoriatic arthritis: 24 week results of a phase 3 double blind randomized placebo-controlled study (RAPID-PSA) [abstract LB0001]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(Suppl 3):150.
200. Papp K, Bissonnette R, Rosoph L, et al. Efficacy of ISA247 in plaque psoriasis: a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study. Lancet. 2008;371(9621):1337-42. (Pubitemid 351522314)
201. Waller M, Toone EC. Normal individuals with positive tests for rheumatoid factor. Arthritis Rheum. 1968;11(1):50-5.
202. McInnes IB, Ritchlin CT, Rahman P, et al. Ustekinumab is effective radiographic progression in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: integrated data analysis of two phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled studies [abstract 1695]. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(10 Suppl):S718.