Use of anticonvulsants as prophylaxis for seizures in patients on clozapine

Australasian Psychiatry

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 78-82

  Caetano, Dorgival ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Clozapine; Clozapine serum concentrations; Clozapine induced seizures; Drug drug interactions; Seizure prophylaxis

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLOZAPINE; ERYTHROMYCIN; FLUOXETINE; FLUVOXAMINE; GABAPENTIN; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; HALOPERIDOL; LAMOTRIGINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; NORCLOZAPINE; PAROXETINE; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENOTHIAZINE; PHENYTOIN; TOPIRAMATE; VALPROIC ACID;

AGE; AGRANULOCYTOSIS; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; NEUTROPENIA; PROPHYLAXIS; REVIEW; SEIZURE; SEX; SMOKING HABIT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TONIC CLONIC SEIZURE; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

CLOZAPINE; CLOZAPINE SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; CLOZAPINE-INDUCED SEIZURES; DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS; SEIZURE PROPHYLAXIS;

ANTICONVULSANTS; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; CLOZAPINE; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; RISK; SEIZURES;

EID: 84896744421     PISSN: 10398562     EISSN: 14401665     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1039856213502829     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Davis JM, Chen N and Glick ID. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of second-generation antipsychotics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60: 553-564.
2. Simpson GM, Josiassen RC, Stanilla JK, et al. Double-blind study of clozapine dose response in chronic schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 1744-1750.
3. Byerly MJ and DeVane CL. Pharmacokinetics of clozapine and risperidone: A review of recent literature. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996; 16: 177-187.
4. Perry PJ, Bever KA, Arndt S, et al. Relationship between patient variables and plasma clozapine concentrations: A dosing nomogram. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44: 733-738.
5. Kronig MH, Munne RA, Szymanski S, et al. Plasma clozapine levels and clinical response for treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 179-182.
6. Hasegawa M, Guttierez-Esteinou R, Way L, et al. Relationship between clinical efficacy and clozapine concentrations in plasma in schizophrenia: Effect of smoking. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 13: 383-390.
7. Taylor D, Paton C and Kapur S. The Maudsley prescribing guidelines (10th edition). UK: Informa Health Care, 2010, p.62-65.
8. Iqbal MM et al. Therapeutic options in the treatment of clozapine-induced adverse effects. J Pharm Technol 2004; 20: 155-64
9. Devinsky O, Honigfeld G and Patin J. Clozapine-related seizures. Neurology 1991; 41: 369-731.
10. Bazire S. Psychotropic drug directory 2010: The professionals' pocket handbook and memoire. UK: HealthCommon Ltd, 2010.
11. Funderburg LG, Vertrees JE, True JE, et al. Seizure following addition of erythromycin to clozapine therapy (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1840-1841.
12. Dumortier G, Mahé V, Pons D, et al. Clonic seizure associated with high clozapine plasma level. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001; 13: 302-303.
13. Simpson GM and Cooper TA. Clozapine plasma concentrations and convulsions. Am J Psychiatry 1978; 135: 99-100.
14. Kammen DP and Marder SR. Serotonin-dopamine antagonist (atypical or secondary generation antipsychotics). In: Sadock BJ, Sadoc VA (eds) Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005, p.2922-2923.
15. Sparshatt A, Wiskey E and Taylor D. Valproate as prophylaxis for clozapine-induced seizures: Survey of practice. Psychiatr Bull 2008; 32: 262-265.
16. Linnet K and Olesen OV. Metabolism of clozapine by cDNA-expressed human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos 1997; 25: 1379-1382.
17. Berttilsson L, Carrillo JA, Dahl ML, et al. Clozapine disposition covaries with CYP1A2 activity determined by caffeine test. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 38: 471-473.
18. Jerling M, Lindstrom L, Bondeson U, et al. Fluvoxamine inhibition and carbamazepine induction of the metabolism of clozapine: Evidence from a therapeutic drug monitoring service. Ther Drug Monit 1994; 16: 368-374.
19. Bronsen K, Skjelbo E, Rasmussen BB, et al. Fluvoxamine is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P4501A2. Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 35: 1211-1214.
20. Dequardo JR and Roberts M. Elevated clozapine levels after fluvoxamine initiation (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: 840-841.
21. Dumortier G, Lochu A, Melo PC, et al. Elevated clozapine plasma concentrations after fluvoxamine initiation (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: 738-739.
22. Armstrong SC and Stephans JR. Blood clozapine levels elevated by fluvoxamine: Potential for side effects and lower clozapine dosage (letter). J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997; 58: 499.
23. Lu ML, Lane HY, Jann MW, et al. Dosing strategies of clozapine- fluvoxamine cotreatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2002; 22: 626-628.
24. Skogh E, Bengtsson F and Nordin C. Could discontinuing smoking be hazardous for patients administered clozapine medication? A case report. Ther Drug Monit 1999; 21: 580-583.
25. Meyer J. Individual changes in clozapine after smoking cessation: Results and predictive model. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 21: 569-574.
26. Quattrochi LC and Tukey RH. The human CYP1A2 gene contains regulatory elements responsive to 3-methylcholanthrene. Mol Pharmacol 1989; 36: 66-71.
27. Fischer V, Vogels B, Maurer G, et al. The antipsychotic clozapine is metabolised by the polymorphic human microsomal and recombined cytochrome p450 2D6. J Phamacol Exp Ther 1992; 260: 1355-1360.
28. Centorrino F, Baldessarini R, Frankenburg F, et al. Serum levels of clozapine and norclozapine in patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: 820-822.
29. Bondesson U and Lindstrom L. Determination of clozapine and its N-desmethylated metabolite in plasma by use of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy with single ion detection. Psychopharmacology 1988; 95: 472-475.
30. Touw DJ. Clinical implications of genetic polymorphisms and drug interactions mediated by cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Drug Metab Drug Interact 1977; 14: 55-82.
31. Pisani F, Oteri G, Costa C, et al. Effects of psychotropic drugs on seizure threshold. Drug Saf 2002; 25: 91-110.
32. Logothetis J. Spontaneous epileptic seizures and electroencephalographic changes in the course of phenotiazine therapy. Neurology 1967; 17: 869-877.
33. Haller E and Bindr RL. Clozapine and seizures. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 1069-1071.
34. Miller DD. Effect of phenytoin on plasma clozapine concentrations in two patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1991; 52: 23-25.
35. Parcia SV and Devinsky O. Clozapine-related seizures: Experience with 5,629 patients. Neurology 1944; 44: 2247-2249.
36. Wong J and Delva N. Clozapine-induced seizures: recognition and treatment. Can J Psychiatry 2007; 52: 457-463.
37. Stevens JR, Denney D and Szot P. Kindling with clozapine: Behavioral and molecular consequences. Epilepsy Res 1996; 26: 295-304.
38. Raitasuo V, Lehtovaara R and Huttunnen MO. Carbamazepine and plasma levels of clozapine (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150: 169.
39. Kosen M, Selten JP and Kahn RS. Elevated clozapine plasma level with lamotrigine (letter). Am J Psychiatry 2001; 15: 1930-1931.
40. Ghaznavi S, Nakic M, Rao P, et al. Rechallenging with clozapine following neutropenia: Treatment options for refractory schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 813-818.
41. Foster R and Olaide D. A case of clozapine-induced tonic-clonic seizures managed with valproate: Implications for clinical care. J Psychopharmacol 2005; 19: 93-96.
42. Taner E, Cosar B and Isik E. Clozapine-induced myoclonic seizures and valproic acid. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 1998; 2: 53-55.
43. Usiskin SL, Nicolson R, Lenane M, et al. Gabapentine prophylaxis of clozapine-induced seizures (letter). Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 482-483.
44. Navarro V, Pons A, Romero A, et al. Topiramate for clozapine-induced seizures (letter). Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 968-969.
45. Landry P. Gabapentin for clozapine-related seizures (letter). Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 1930.
46. Oyesanmi O, Kunkel EJS, Monti DA, et al. Hematologic side effects of psychotropics. Psychosomatics 1999; 40: 414-421.