Assessment of persistent brominated and chlorinated organic contaminants in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in Flanders, Belgium: Levels, profiles and health risk

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 482-483, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 222-233

  Malarvannan, Govindan ^a   Belpaire, Claude ^b   Geeraerts, Caroline ^b   Eulaers, Igor ^a   Neels, Hugo ^a   Covaci, Adrian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP   (Belgium)

^b RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR NATURE AND FOREST INBO   (Belgium)

Author keywords

European eel; Flanders; HBCDs; Human consumption; PBDEs; PCBs

Indexed keywords

AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; CONTAMINATION; HEALTH RISKS; ISOMERS; METABOLITES; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EUROPEAN EEL; FLANDERS; HBCDS; HUMAN CONSUMPTION; PBDES;

CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION;

CHLORPHENOTANE; HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL;

BIOACCUMULATION; BIOLOGICAL UPTAKE; EEL; METABOLITE; ORGANIC POLLUTANT; PBDE; PCB; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; SEDIMENT POLLUTION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE;

ANGUILLA ANGUILLA; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ARTICLE; BELGIUM; BIOACCUMULATION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH HAZARD; ISOMER; NONHUMAN; POPULATION STRUCTURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RURAL AREA; WATER CONTAMINATION;

BELGIUM; FLANDERS;

EUROPEAN EEL; FLANDERS; HBCDS; HUMAN CONSUMPTION; PBDES; PCBS;

ANGUILLA; ANIMALS; BELGIUM; DDT; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FISHERIES; FLAME RETARDANTS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HALOGENATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HUMANS; HYDROCARBONS, CHLORINATED; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEAFOOD; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

EID: 84896539291     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.127     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Ashley J.T.F., Libero D., Halscheid E., Zaoudeh L., Stapleton H.M. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in American eels (Anguilla rostrata) from the Delaware river, USA. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2007, 79:99-103.
2. Belpaire C., Goemans G. Eels: contaminant cocktails pinpointing environmental contamination. ICES J Mar Sci 2007, 64:1423-1436.
3. Belpaire C., Goemans G., Geeraerts C., Quataert P., Parmentier K., Hagel P., et al. Decreasing eel stocks: survival of the fattest?. Ecol Freshw Fish 2009, 18:197-214.
4. Belpaire C., Geeraerts C., Roosens L., Neels H., Covaci A. What can we learn from monitoring PCBs in the European eel? A Belgian experience. Environ Int 2011, 37:354-364.
5. Bilau M., Sioen I., Matthys C., De Vocht A., Goemans G., Belpaire C., et al. Probabilistic approach to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure through eel consumption in recreational fishermen vs. the general population. Food Addit Contam 2007, 4:1386-1393.
6. Bordajandi L.R., Gomez G., Fernandez M.A., Abad E., Rivera J., Gonzalez M.J. Study on PCBs, PCDD/Fs, organochlorine pesticides, heavy metals and arsenic content in freshwater fish species from the River Turia (Spain). Chemosphere 2003, 53:163-171.
7. Bragigand V., Amiard-Triquet C., Parlier E., Boury P., Marchand P., El Hourch M. Influence of biological and ecological factors on the bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in aquatic food webs from French estuaries. Sci Total Environ 2006, 368:615-628.
8. BSEF (Bromine Science, Environmental Forum) [Accessed 29 January 2014]. http://www.bsef.com.
9. BSEF (Bromine Science, Environmental Forum) [Accessed 29 January 2014]. http://www.bsef.com.
10. Burgerhout E., Brittijn S.A., Tudorache C., de Wijze D.L., Dirks R.P., van den Thillart G.E.E.J.M. Male European eels are highly efficient long distance swimmers: effects of endurance swimming on maturation. Comp Biochem Physiol A 2013, 166:522-527.
11. Burreau S., Broman D., Orn U. Tissue distribution of 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromo[C-14] diphenyl ether ([14C]-PBDE 47) in pike (Esox lucius) after dietary exposure - a time series study using whole body autoradiography. Chemosphere 2000, 40:977-985.
12. Colles A., Koppen G., Hanot V., Nelen V., De Wolf M.C., Noel E., et al. Fourth WHO-coordinated survey of human milk for persistent organic pollutants (POPs): Belgian results. Chemosphere 2008, 73:907-914.
13. Covaci A., de Boer J., Ryan J.J., Voorspoels S., Schepens P. Distribution of organobrominated and organochlorinated contaminants in Belgian human adipose tissue. Environ Res 2002, 88:210-218.
14. Covaci A., Gerecke A.C., Law R.J., Voorspoels S., Kohler M., Heeb N.V., et al. Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in the environment and humans: a review. Environ Sci Technol 2006, 40:3679-3688.
15. Davodi M., Esmaili-Sari A., Bahramifarr N. Concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in some edible fish species from the Shadegan Marshes (Iran). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2011, 74:294-300.
16. de Boer J., Dao Q.T., van Leeuwen S.P.J., Kotterman M.J.J., Schobbe J.H.M. Thirty year monitoring of PCBs, organochlorine pesticides and tetrabromodiphenylether in eel from the Netherlands. Environ Pollut 2010, 158:1228-1236.
17. de Wit C.A. An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment. Chemosphere 2002, 46:583-624.
18. Dekker W., Casselman J.M., Cairns D.K., Tsukamoto K., Jellyman D., Lickers H. Worldwide decline of eel resources necessitates immediate action. Fisheries 2003, 28:28-30.
19. Durif C., Dufour S., Elie P. The silvering process of Anguilla anguilla: a new classification from the yellow resident to the silver migrating stage. J Fish Biol 2005, 66(4):1025-1043.
20. EC Eurostat [Accessed 26th February 2014]. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu.
21. European Commission COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1259/2011 of 2 December 2011 amending regulation (EC) no 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels for dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs in foodstuffs 2011, 1-10. [register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/11/st13/st13558.en11.pdf [Accessed 07 January 2014]].
22. European Environment Agency EEA report 2005/10. Environment and health 2005, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, [http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/eea_report_2005_10 [Accessed 29 January 2014]].
23. Ferrante M.C., Clausi M.T., Meli R., Fusco G., Naccari C., Lucisano A. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from the Garigliano River (Campania region, Italy). Chemosphere 2010, 78:709-716.
24. Geeraerts C., Belpaire C. The effects of contaminants in European eel: a review. Ecotoxicology 2010, 19(2):239-266.
25. Geeraerts C., Goemans G., Quataert P., Belpaire C. Ecologische en ecotoxicologische betekenis van verontreinigende stoffen in paling. Studie uitgevoerd in opdracht van de Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij, MIRA, MIRA/2007/05, INBO/R/2007/40 2007, Research Institute for Nature and Forest.
26. Haglund P.S., Zook D.S., Buser H.R., Hu J. Identification and quantification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and methoxy-polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Baltic biota. Environ Sci Technol 1997, 31:3281-3287.
27. Hale R.C., LaGuardia M.J., Harvey E.P., Mainor T.M., Duff W.H., Gaylor M.O. Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in Virginia freshwater fishes (USA). Environ Sci Technol 2001, 35:4585-4591.
28. Hodson P.V., Castonguay M., Couillard C.M., Desjardins C., Pelletier E., McLeod R. Spatial and temporal variations in chemical contamination of American eels (Anguilla rostrata), captured in the estuary of the St. Lawrence River. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 1994, 51:464-479.
29. Hoge Gezondheidsraad Advies van de Hoge Gezondheidsraad en Schatting van de inname van PCB's door sportvissers en het hieraan verbonden gezondheidsrisico (Advice No HGR 7747 e brought out on February 23, 2005 and validated on March 9, 2005) 2005.
30. Hunziker R.W., Gonsior S., MacGregor J.A., Desjardins D., Ariano J., Friederich U. Fate and effect of hexabromocyclododecane in the environment. Organohalogen Compd 2004, 66:2300-2305.
31. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) WGEEL. Report of ICES/EIFAC Working Group on Eels. ICES C.M. 2002/ACFM:03 2014, 1-87. [http://www.eaa-europe.org/fileadmin/templates/uploads/Eels/ICES_WGEEL_2002.pdf [Accessed 29 January 2014]].
32. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Report of the joint EIFAAC/ICES Working Group on Eels. EIFAAC/ICES WGEEL REPORT 2013, 1-253. [http://www.ices.dk/sites/pub/Publication%20Reports/Expert%20Group%20Report/acom/2013/WGEEL/wgeel_2013.pdf [Accessed 07 January 2014]].
33. Jones K.C., de Voogt P. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): state of the science. Environ Pollut 1999, 100:209-221.
34. Labandeira A., Eljarrat E., Barcelo D. Congener distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in feral carp (Cyprinus carpio) from the Llobregat River. Environ Pollut 2007, 146:188-195.
35. Law R.J., Bersuder P., Barry J., Wilford B.Y.H., Allchin C.R., Jepson P.D. A significant downturn in levels of hexabromocyclododecane in the blubber of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded or by caught in the UK: an update to 2006. Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42:9104-9109.
36. Maes J., Belpaire C., Goemans G. Spatial variations and temporal trends between 1994 and 2005 in polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) in Flanders, Belgium. Environ Pollut 2008, 153:223-237.
37. Malarvannan G., Dirinck E., Dirtu A.C., Pereira-Fernandes A., Neels H., Jorens P.G., et al. Distribution of persistent organic pollutants in two different fat compartments from obese individuals. Environ Int 2013, 55:33-42.
38. Maria V.L., Pacheco M., Santos M.A. Anguilla anguilla L. Genotoxic responses after in situ exposure to freshwater wetland (Pateira de Fermentelos, Portugal). Environ Int 2006, 32(4):510-515.
39. McHugh B., Poole R., Corcoran J., Anninou P., Boyle B., Joyce E., et al. The occurrence of persistent chlorinated and brominated organic contaminants in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in Irish waters. Chemosphere 2010, 79:305-313.
40. Morris S., Allchin C.R., Zegers B.N., Haftka J.J.H., Boon J.P., Belpaire C., et al. Distribution and fate of HBCD and TBBPA brominated flame retardants in North Sea estuaries and aquatic food webs. Environ Sci Technol 2004, 38:5497-5504.
41. Oliveira Ribeiro C.A., Vollaire Y., Coulet E., Roche H. Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in the eel (Anguilla anguilla) at the Camargue Nature Reserve, France. Environ Pollut 2008, 153:424-431.
42. Palstra A.P., Cohen E.G.H., Niemantsverdriet P.R.W., van Ginneken V.J.T., van den Thillart G.E.E.J.M. Artificial maturation and reproduction of European silver eel: development of oocytes during final maturation. Aquaculture 2005, 249(1-4):533-547.
43. Palstra A.P., van Ginneken V.J.T., Murk A.J., van den Thillart G.E.E.J.M. Are dioxin-like contaminants responsible for the eel (Anguilla anguilla) drama?. Naturwissenschaften 2006, 93(3):145-148.
44. Peng J.H., Huandg C.W., Weng Y.M., Yak H.K. Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish samples from rivers and estuaries in Taiwan. Chemosphere 2007, 66:1990-1997.
45. R Core Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing 2013, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, ISBN3-900051-07-0, http://www.R-project.org/.
46. Roosens L., Dirtu A.C., Goemans G., Belpaire C., Gheorghe A., Neels H. Brominated flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls in fish from the river Scheldt, Belgium. Environ Int 2008, 34:976-983.
47. Roosens L., Geeraerts C., Belpaire C., Van Pelt I., Neels H., Covaci A. Spatial variations in the levels and isomeric patterns of PBDEs and HBCDs in the European eel in Flanders. Environ Int 2010, 36:415-423.
48. Santillo D., Johnston P., Labunska I., Brigden K. Swimming in chemicals widespread presence of brominated flame retardants and PCBs in eels (Anguilla anguilla) from rivers and lakes in 10 European countries. Technical Note 12 2005, Greenpeace International.
49. Soontornchat S., Li M.H., Cooke M.S., Hansen L.G. Toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic influences on endocrine disruption by polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ Health Perspect 1994, 102:568-571.
50. Stapleton H.M., Letcher R.J., Li J., Baker J.E. Dietary accumulation and metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio). Environ Toxicol Chem 2004, 8:1936-1946.
51. Stapleton H.M., Brazil B., Holbrook R.D., Mitchelmore C.L., Benedict R., Konstantinov A., et al. In vivo and in vitro debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) by juvenile rainbow trout and common carp. Environ Sci Technol 2006, 40:4653-4658.
52. Storelli M.M., Barone G., Garofalo R., Marcotrigiano G. Metals and organochlorine compounds in eel (Anguilla anguilla) from the Lesina lagoon, Adriatic Sea (Italy). Food Chem 2007, 100:1337-1341.
53. Sühring R., Byer J., Freese M., Pohlmann J.D., Wolschke H., Möller A., et al. Brominated flame retardants and Dechloranes in European and American eels from glass to silver life stages. Chemosphere 2014, (in press) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.096.
54. Svedäng H., Wickstrom H. Low fat contents in female silver eels: indications of insufficient energetic stores for migration and gonadal development. J Fish Biol 1997, 50:475-486.
55. Szabo D.T., Diliberto J.J., Hakk H., Huwe J.K., Birnbaum L.S. Toxicokinetics of the flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane gamma: effect of dose, timing, route, repeated exposure, and metabolism. Toxicol Sci 2010, 117:282-293.
56. Szlinder-Richert J., Usydus Z., Pelczarski W. Organochlorine pollutants in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) from Poland. Chemosphere 2010, 80:93-99.
57. Tapie N., Menach K.L., Pasquaus S., Elie P., Devier M.H., Budzinski H. PBDE and PCB contamination of eels from the Gironde estuary: from glass eels to silver eels. Chemosphere 2011, 83:175-185.
58. Tesch F.W. The eel 2003, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK.
59. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants. POPs review committee fifth meeting, UNEP-POPS-POPRC.5-INF-16 2009.
60. Van Ael E., Belpaire C., Breins J., Geeraerts C., Van Thuyne G., Eulaers I., et al. Are persistent organic pollutants and metals in eel muscle predictive for the ecological water quality?. Environ Pollut 2014, 186:165-171.
61. van Ginneken V.J.T., van den Thillart G.E.E.J.M. Eel fat stores are enough to reach the Sargasso. Nature 2000, 403:156-157.
62. Van Leeuwen S.P.J., De Boer J. Brominated flame retardants in fish and shellfish - levels and contribution of fish consumption to dietary exposure of Dutch citizens to HBCD. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008, 52:194-203.
63. VECAP [Accessed 07 January 2014]. http://www.vecap.info/.
64. Voorspoels S., Covaci A., Schepens P. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in marine species from the Belgian North Sea and the Western Scheldt estuary: levels, profiles, and distribution. Environ Sci Technol 2003, 37:4348-4357.
65. Voorspoels S., Covaci A., Maervoet J., De Meester I., Schepens P. Levels and profiles of PCBs and OCPs in marine benthic species from the Belgian North Sea and the Western Scheldt estuary. Mar Pollut Bull 2004, 49:393-404.
66. Voorspoels S., Covaci A., Neels H., Schepens P. Dietary PBDE intake: a market basket study in Belgium. Environ Int 2007, 33:93-97.
67. Voorspoels S., Covaci A., Neels H. PCB intake through the diet: mass production vs. organically grown. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2008, 25:179-182.
68. Xia C., Lam J.C.W., Wu X., Sun L., Xie Z., Lam P.K.S. Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in marine fishes along the Chinese coastline. Chemosphere 2011, 82:1662-1668.
69. Zegers B.N., Mets A., van Bommel R., Minkenberg C., Hamers T., Kamstra J.H., et al. Levels of hexabromocyclododecane in harbor porpoises and common dolphins from Western European Seas, with evidence for stereoisomer specific biotransformation by Cyt-P450. Environ Sci Technol 2005, 39:2095-2100.