The political economy of global tree plantation expansion: a review

Journal of Peasant Studies

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 235-261

  Kröger, Markus ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

capitalism; flex trees; forest industry; industrial tree plantations; land grabbing; power; smallholders; space

Indexed keywords

FOREST PRODUCT; FORESTRY PRODUCTION; INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT; LITERATURE REVIEW; NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION; POLITICAL ECONOMY; SMALLHOLDER; TIMBER INDUSTRY; TREE PLANTING;

EID: 84896538084     PISSN: 03066150     EISSN: 17439361     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2014.890596     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Bacchetta, V. 2012. La soberianía a la deriva. Ecoportal.net, 13 September.
2. Baird, I. 2011. Turning land into capital, turning people into labor: primitive accumulation and the arrival of large-scale economic land concessions in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. New Proposals: Journal of Marxism and Interdisciplinary Inquiry, 5(1), 10-26.
3. Barney, K. 2004. Re-encountering resistance: plantation activism and smallholder production in Thailand and Sarawak, Malaysia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 45(3), 325-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8373.2004.t01-1-00244.x
4. Barr, C. and J. Sayer. 2012. The political economy of reforestation and forest restoration in Asia-Pacific: critical issues for REDD+. Biological Conservation, 154, 9-19. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.03.020
5. Borras, S.M., et al. 2012. Land grabbing in Latin America and the Caribbean. Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(3-4), 845-72. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2012.679931
6. Böttcher, H. and M. Lindner. 2010. Managing forest plantations for carbon sequestration today and in the future. In: J. Bauhus et al., eds. Ecosystem goods and services from plantation forests. London: Earthscan, pp. 43-76.
7. Boulay, A. and L. Tacconi. 2012. The drivers of contract eucalypt farming in Thailand. International Forestry Review, 14(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1505/146554812799973190
8. Bourdieu, P. 1990. In other words: essays towards a reflexive sociology. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
9. Bourdieu, P. 1991. Language and symbolic power. Cambridge: Polity Press.
10. Bourdieu, P. 1998. Practical reason: on the theory of action. Cambridge: Polity Press.
11. Bull, G. et al. 2006. Industrial forest plantation subsidies: impacts and implications. Forest Policy and Economics, 9, 13-31. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2005.01.004
12. Bunker, S. and P. Ciccantell. 2005. Globalization and the race for resources. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.
13. Carámbula, M., V. Menéndez and D. Piñero. 2011. La expansión de capital forestal en el agro Uruguay. Conference proceeding, VII Jornadas Interdisciplinarias en Estudios Agrarios y Agroindustriales, University of Buenos Aires.
14. Carle, J. and P. Holmgren. 2008. Wood from planted forests: a global outlook 2005-2030. Forest Products Journal, 58(12), 6-18.
15. Carrere, R. and L. Lohmann. 1996. Pulping the South: industrial tree plantations and the world paper economy. London: Zed Books.
16. CIFOR. 2001. Typology of Planted Forests. CIFOR InfoBrief, Center for International Forestry Research.
17. Clapp, R.A. 1998. Regions of refuge and the agrarian question: peasant agriculture and plantation forestry in Chilean Araucania. World Development, 26(4), 571-89. doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00010-2
18. Coughlin, D. (no date) Nanotechnology and the paper/forest product industry, SAPPI. Available from: http://www.nanotechforest.org/Scopi/Group/nano/scp01nan.nsf [Accessed 30 November 2012].
19. Dauvergne, P. and J. Lister. 2011. Timber. Cambridge: Polity.
20. Del Lungo, A., J. Ball and J. Carle. 2006. Global planted forests thematic study: results and analysis. Planted Forests and Trees Working paper 38. Rome: FAO.
21. Fairhead, J., M. Leach and I. Scoones. 2012. Green grabbing: a new appropriation of nature? Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(2), 237-61. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2012.671770
22. FAO. 2004. Global forest resources assessment update 2005. Terms and definitions. Forest Resources Assessment WP 83.
23. FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010.
24. FAO. 2011. State of the world's forests 2011.
25. FAO. 2012. State of the world's forests 2012.
26. FAO (no date). Definitions Related to Planted Forests. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/ae347e/AE347E02.htm
27. Fearnside, P. 1998. Plantation forestry in Brazil: projections to 2050. Biomass and Bioenergy, 15(6), 437-450. doi: 10.1016/S0961-9534(98)00061-0
28. Ferreira, S. 2009. "Donos do lugar": a territorialidade quilombola do Sâpe do Norte - ES. PhD dissertation, UFF, Niterói.
29. Finnish Forest Association. 2012. Finnish forests - owned by Finns. Website, updated on 3 January 2012: Available from: http://www.forest.fi/smyforest/foresteng.nsf/allbyid/2060D041E6A0B051C2256F25003E4B8D?Opendocument [Accessed 16 February 2014].
30. Flaten, K. 2011. Tree plantation expansion: Impacts on rural communities in the Central North of Tasmania. ISP Collection, Paper 1078.
31. FOEX Indexes Ltd. 2014. Latest PIX Index Values With Comments. Available from: http://foex.fi/ [Accessed 16 February 2014].
32. Fontes, S. 2012. Produtor de celulose cresce em geração. Valor Econômico, 11 September.
33. Fox, J. et al. 2009. Policies, political-economy, and swidden in Southeast Asia. Human Ecology, 37(3), 305-22. doi: 10.1007/s10745-009-9240-7
34. Gerber, J.-F. 2010. Conflicts over industrial tree plantations in the South: who, how and why?. Global Environmental Change, 21(1), 165-76. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.09.005
35. Gerber, J.-F. and S. Veuthey. 2010. Plantations, resistance and the greening of the agrarian question in coastal Ecuador. Journal of Agrarian Change, 10, 455-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0366.2010.00265.x
36. Gidvani, V. 2009. Class. In: D. Gregory et al., eds. The Dictionary of Human Geography. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 88-9.
37. Global Wood Trade Network. 2011. China wood products prices 1-15th February 2011.
38. Gonçalves, M.T. 2001. Nós da madeira: mudança social e trabalhadores assalariados das plantações florestais nos Vales do Aço/Rio Doce de Minas Gerais. Thesis (PhD), UFFRJ.
39. Gopalakrishnan, S. 2012. Undemocratic and arbitrary: control, regulation and expropriation of India's forest and common lands. New Delhi: SPWD. Washington, DC: RRI.
40. Hall, D. 2002. Environmental change, protest, and havens of environmental degradation: evidence from Asia. Global Environmental Politics, 2(2), 20-28. doi: 10.1162/15263800260047808
41. Hanssen, C.H. 2007. Lao land concessions, development for the people? Conference on Poverty Reduction and Forests, Bangkok. Available from: http://www.mtnforum.org/sites/default/files/pub/4948.pdf
42. Harari, I. 2013. Monocultura do eucalipto ataca trabalhadores rurais. Caros Amigos, 4 January.
43. Jackson, R. et al. 2005. Trading water for carbon with biological carbon sequestration. Science, 310, 1944-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1119282
44. Jobbágy, E., G. Baldi and M. Nosetto. 2012. Tree plantation in South America and the water cycle: impacts and emergent opportunities. In: T. Schlichter and L. Montes, eds. Forests in development: a vital balance. Springer, pp. 53-63.
45. Kanninen, M. 2010. Plantation forests: global perspectives. In: J. Bauhus et al., eds. Ecosystem goods and services from plantation forests. London: Earthscan, pp. 1-15.
46. Karumbidza, J.B. 2005. A study of the social and economic impacts of industrial tree plantations in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. WRM: Montevideo.
47. Kassa, H., M. Bekele and B. Campbell. 2011. Reading the landscape past: explaining the lack of on-farm tree planting in Ethiopia. Environment and History, 17(3), 461-79. doi: 10.3197/096734011X13077054787262
48. Kröger, M. 2011. Promotion of contentious agency as a rewarding movement strategy: evidence from the MST-paper industry conflicts in Brazil. Journal of Peasant Studies, 38(2), 435-58. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2011.559016
49. Kröger, M. 2012a. The expansion of industrial tree plantations and dispossession in Brazil. Development and Change, 43(4), 947-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2012.01787.x
50. Kröger, M. 2012b. Neo-mercantilist capitalism and post-2008 cleavages in economic decision-making power in Brazil. Third World Quarterly, 33(5), 887-901. doi: 10.1080/01436597.2012.674703
51. Kröger, M. 2013a. Contentious agency and natural resource politics. London: Routledge.
52. Kröger, M. 2013b. Grievances, agency and the absence of conflict: The new Suzano pulp investment in the Eastern Amazon. Forest Policy and Economics, 33, 28-35.
53. Kröger, M. 2013c. Globalization as the "pulping" of landscapes: forestry capitalism's North-South territorial accumulation. Globalizations, 10(6), 837-853. doi: 10.1080/14747731.2013.814433
54. Kröger, M. and J. Nylund. 2012. The conflict over Veracel pulpwood plantations in Brazil: application of Ethical Analysis. Forest Policy and Economics, 14, 74-82. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2011.07.018
55. Kumar, N., N. Saxena, Y. Alagh and K. Mitra. 2000. India, Alleviating Poverty through Forest Development. Washington, DC: World Bank Operations Evaluation Department.
56. Kuusi, O. 2010. Geenimuuntelun nykyinen ja tuleva käyttö puiden kehittämisessä. In: O. Kuusi et al., eds. Löytöretkiä biopolitiikkaan. Helsinki: Finnish Parliament, Committee for the Futures, pp. 119-120.
57. Leys, A.J. and J.K. Vanclay. 2010. Land-use change conflict arising from plantation forestry expansion: views across Australian fence-lines. International Forestry Review, 12(3), 256-269. doi: 10.1505/ifor.12.3.256
58. Li, T.M. 2011. Centering labor in the land grab debate. Journal of Peasant Studies, 38(2), 281-98. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2011.559009
59. Little, C., et al. 2009. Revealing the impact of forest exotic plantations on water yield in large scale watersheds in South-Central Chile. Journal of Hydrology, 374, 162-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.011
60. Lohmann, L. 1999. The carbon shop: planting new problems. Montevideo: WRM.
61. Marchak, P. 1995. Logging the globe. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
62. McCarthy, J. 2010. Processes of inclusion and adverse incorporation: oil palm and agrarian change in Sumatra, Indonesia. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 37(4), 821-850. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2010.512460
63. McElwee, P. 2009. Reforesting "bare hills" in Vietnam: social and environmental consequences of the 5 million hectare reforestation program. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 38(6), 325-333. doi: 10.1579/08-R-520.1
64. McMichael, P. 1992. Rethinking comparative analysis in a post-developmental context. International social science journal, 133, 351-65.
65. Mercer, D. and A. Underwood. 2002. Australian timber plantations: national vision, local response. Land Use Policy, 19, 107-122. doi: 10.1016/S0264-8377(02)00005-4
66. du Monceau, M.I. 2008. The political ecology of indigenous movements and tree plantations in Chile. Thesis (PhD), University of British Columbia.
67. Nagashima, K., et al. 2002. Regional landscape change as a consequence of plantation forestry expansion: an example in the Nelson region, New Zealand. Forest Ecology and Management, 163(1-3), 245-261. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00583-7
68. Nahuelhual, L., et al. 2012. Land-cover change to forest plantations: proximate causes and implications for the landscape in south-central Chile. Landscape and Urban Planning, 107(1), 12-20. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.04.006
69. Nylund, J. and M. Kröger. 2012. Cleavage in the understanding of sustainability: sustainable pulp industry versus sustained local livelihood. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 27(2), 229-40. doi: 10.1080/02827581.2011.637336
70. Obidzinski, K. and A. Dermawan. 2010. Smallholder timber plantation development in Indonesia: what is preventing progress? International Forestry Review, 12(4), 339-348. doi: 10.1505/ifor.12.4.339
71. Overbeek, W., M. Kröger and J. Gerber. 2012. An overview of industrial tree plantations in the global South: Conflicts, trends and resistance struggles. Ejolt Report Number 3.
72. Patterson, M.W. and N. Hoalst-Pullen. 2011. Dynamic equifinality: the case of south-central Chile's evolving forest landscape. Applied Geography, 31(2), 641-49. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.12.004
73. Peluso, N.L. and P. Vandergeest. 2001. Genealogies of forest law and customary rights in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. J. Asian Stud., 60(3), 761-812. doi: 10.2307/2700109
74. Ping, L. and R. Nielsen. 2010. A case study on large-scale forestland acquisition in China. The Rights and Resources Initiative. Available from: http://www.rightsandresources.org/documents/files/doc_1800.pdf
75. Pirard, R. and J. Mayer. 2009. Complementary labor opportunities in Indonesian pulpwood plantations with implications for land use. Agroforestry Systems, 76(2), 499-511. doi: 10.1007/s10457-008-9141-6
76. Pokorny, B., L. Hoch and J. Maturana. 2010. Smallholder plantations in the tropics - local people between outgrower schemes and reforestation programmes. In: Bauhus et al., eds. Ecosystem goods and services from plantation forests. London: Earthscan, pp. 140-70.
77. Polanyi, K. 2001. The great transformation: the political and economic origins of our time. Boston: Beacon Press.
78. Puntasen, A., S. Siriprachai and C. Punyasavatsut. 1992. Political economy of eucalyptus: business, bureaucracy and the Thai government. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 22(2), 187-206. doi: 10.1080/00472339280000151
79. RISI. 2011. The PPI Top 100. Available from: http://www.risiinfo.com/techchannels/papermaking/The-PPI-Top-100-2010-stayed-the-course.html [Accessed 6 January 2013].
80. Ross, M.L. 2001. Timber booms and institutional breakdown in South East Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
81. Rudel, T.K. et al. 2005. Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change. Global Environmental Change, 15(1), 23-31.
82. Sargent, C. and S. Bass, eds. 1992. Plantations politics: forest plantations in development. London: Earthscan.
83. Sarin, M. 2003. Devolution as a threat to democratic decision-making in forestry? Findings from three states in India. London: Overseas Development Institute.
84. Saxena, N.C. 1997. The Saga of Participatory Forest Management in India. Bogor: CIFOR.
85. Scott, J. 1998. Seeing like a state: how certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. London: Yale University Press.
86. Scott, J. 2009. The art of not being governed. London: Yale University Press.
87. Sekher, M. 2001. Organized participatory resource management: Insights from community forestry practices in India. Forest Policy and Economics, 3, 137-54.
88. Shiva, V. and J. Bandyopadhyay. 1985. Ecological audit of eucalyptus cultivation. Dehradun: The English Book Depot.
89. Sikor, T. 2012. Tree plantations, politics of possession and the absence of land grabs in Vietnam. Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(3-4), 1077-101. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2012.674943
90. Sikor, T. and T.Q. Nguyen. 2007. Why may forest devolution not benefit the rural poor? Forest entitlements in Vietnam's Central Highlands. World Dev., 35, 2010-2025. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.11.011
91. Spek, M. 2006. Financing pulp mills: an appraisal of risk assessment and safeguard procedures. Bogor: CIFOR.
92. Stewart, H.T.L., D.H. Race and A.L. Curtis. 2011. New forests in changing landscapes in South-East Australia. International Forestry Review, 13(1), 67-79. doi: 10.1505/146554811798201206
93. Swedish Forest Industries Association. 2010. The Swedish forest industries: Facts and figures 2009. Stockholm.
94. UNEP. 2012. Global environment outlook (GEO-5).
95. UPM. 2014. About UPM / Biofore in Action / From residue to renewable diesel. Available from: http://www.upm.com/EN/ABOUT-UPM/biofore-in-action/from-residue-to-renewable-diesel/Pages/default.aspx [Accessed 16 February 2014].
96. Uronen, T. 2010. On the transformation processes of the global pulp and paper industry and their implications for corporate strategies - A European perspective. Thesis (PhD), Aalto University.
97. Vandergeest, P. and N.L. Peluso. 2006. Empires of forestry: professional forestry and state power in Southeast Asia, part 2. Environment and History, 12, 4359-393.
98. Vidal, J. 2012. The GM tree plantations bred to satisfy the world's energy needs. The Guardian, 15 November.
99. Watts, M. 2009a. Peasant. In: Gregory et al., eds. The dictionary of human geography. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 524-5.
100. van Wilgen, B. and D.M. Richardson. 2012. Three centuries of managing introduced conifers in South Africa: benefits, impacts, changing perceptions and conflict resolution. Journal of Environmental Management, 106(15), 56-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.052
101. Wright, E.O. 2005. Foundations of a neo-Marxist class analysis. In: E.O. Wright, ed. Approaches to class analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 4-30.
102. WRM. 2007. Working conditions and health impacts of industrial tree monocultures. Montevideo.
103. WRM. 2008. Ethanol from Cellulose: a technology that could spell disaster. Montevideo.
104. WRM. 2011a. The definition of forest: WRM Briefing. Montevideo.
105. WRM. 2011b. Definition of Forest Campaign. Open letter from scientists to the FAO. Available from: http://www.wrm.org.uy/oldsite/forests/letter_to_the_FAO.html [Accessed 16 February 2014].
106. Yang, L. 2011. Internal Social Work Assessment Report on StoraEnso Guangxi Forest Operation Areas. Not published.