Coordinated control for large-scale EV charging facilities and energy storage devices participating in frequency regulation

Applied Energy

Volumn 123, Issue , 2014, Pages 253-262

  Zhong, Jin ^a   He, Lina ^b   Li, Canbing ^b   Cao, Yijia ^b   Wang, Jianhui ^b,c   Fang, Baling ^b   Zeng, Long ^b   Xiao, Guoxuan ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b HUNAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^c ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Electric vehicles (EVs); Energy storage; Frequency regulation (FR); Renewable energy; Vehicle to grid (V2G)

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS; ENERGY STORAGE;

AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL; BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE; COORDINATED CONTROL STRATEGY; ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVS); FREQUENCY REGULATIONS; INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES; RENEWABLE ENERGIES; VEHICLETO-GRID (V2G);

ELECTRIC VEHICLES;

AUTOMATION; CONTROL SYSTEM; ELECTRIC VEHICLE; PARTICIPATORY APPROACH; RENEWABLE RESOURCE;

EID: 84896537956     PISSN: 03062619     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.074     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Rescha G., Held A., Fabera T., Panzera C., Toro F., Haasa R. Potentials and prospects for renewable energies at global scale. Energy Pol 2008, 36(11):4048-4056.
2. Georgilakis P.S. Technical challenges associated with the integration of wind power into power systems. Renew Sust Energy Rev 2008, 12:852-863.
3. Lund H. Electric grid stability and the design of sustainable energy systems. Int J Sustainable Energy 2004, 24:45-54.
4. Lund H. Large-scale integration of wind power into different energy systems. Energy 2005, 30:2402-2412.
5. Andersen A.N., Lund H. New CHP partnerships offering balancing of fluctuating renewable electricity productions. J Cleaner Prod February 2007, 15(3):288-293.
6. Broeer T., Fuller J., Tuffner F., Chassin D., Djilali N. Modeling framework and validation of a smart grid and demand response system for wind power integration. Appl Energy 2014, 113:199-207.
7. Keanea A., et al. Demand side resource operation on the Irish power system with high wind power penetration. Energy Pol 2011, 39(5):2925-2934.
8. Moura P.S., De Almeida A.T. The role of demand-side management in the grid integration of wind power. Appl Energy 2010, 87:2581-2588.
9. Tie S.F., Tan C.W. A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2013, 20:82-102.
10. Liu C., Wang J., Botterud A., Zhou Y., Vyas A. Assessment of impacts of PHEV charging patterns on wind-thermal scheduling by stochastic unit commitment. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 2012, 3(2):675-683.
11. Bahmani MH, Abolfazli M, Afsharnia S, Ghazizadeh MS. Introducing a new concept to utilize plug-in electric vehicles in frequency regulation service. In: 2nd Int. Control, Instrumentation and Automation Conference. Shiraz, Iran; 2011.
12. Yilmaz M, Krein PT. Review of benefits and challenges of vehicle-to-grid technology. In: IEEE Energy Conversion Cong. and Expo. Conference. Raleigh, NC; 2012.
13. Kempton W., Tomic J. Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: From stabilizing the grid to supporting large-scale renewable energy. J. Power Sources 2005, 144(1):280-294.
14. Fernandes C., Frías P., Latorre J.M. Impact of vehicle-to-grid on power system operation costs: The Spanish case study. Appl Energy 2012, 96:194-202.
15. Brooks AN. Vehicle-to-grid demonstration project: Grid regulation ancillary service with a battery electric vehicle. <> [December 2002]. http://www.udel.edu/V2G/docs/V2G-Demo-Brooks-02-R5.pdf.
16. Kempton W., Kubo T. Electric-drive vehicles for peak power in Japan. Energy Pol 2000, 28:9-18.
17. Wang J., Liu C., Ton D., Zhou Y., Kim J., Vyas A. Impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on power systems with demand response and wind power. Energy Pol 2011, 39(7):4016-4021.
18. Liu W., Hu W., Lund H., Chen Z. Electric vehicles and large-scale integration of wind power - The case of inner Mongolia in China. Appl Energy 2013, 104:445-456.
19. Tomić J., Kempton W. Using fleets of electric-drive vehicles for grid support. J. Power Sources 2007, 168(2):459-468.
20. Guille C., Gross G. A conceptual framework for the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) implementation. Energy Pol 2009, 37(11):4379-4390.
21. Lund H., Kempton W. Integration of renewable energy into the transport and electricity sectors through V2G. Energy Pol 2008, 36:3578-3587.
22. Pantos M. Stochastic optimal charging of electric-drive vehicles with renewable energy. Energy 2011, 36:6567-6576.
23. Soares B., Borba M.C., Szklo A., Schaeffer R. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as a way to maximize the integration of variable renewable energy in power systems: the case of wind generation in northeastern Brazil. Energy 2012, 37:469-481.
24. Andersson S.L., Elofsson A.K., Galus M.D., Göransson L., Karlsson S., Johnsson F., et al. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as regulating power providers: case studies of Sweden and Germany. Energy Pol 2010, 38:2751-2762.
25. Cao Y., Tang S., Li C., Zhang P., Tan Y., Zhang Z., et al. An optimized EV charging model considering TOU price and SOC curve. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 2012, 3(1):388-393.
26. Paddy F., Colin F. Demand side management of industrial electricity consumption: promoting the use of renewable energy through real-time pricing. Appl Energy 2014, 113:11-21.
27. Rogers K.M., Klump R., Khurana H., Aquino-Lugo A.A., Overbye T.J. An authenticated control framework for distributed voltage support on the smart grid. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 2010, 1(1):40-47.
28. Li C, Tan Y, Cao Y. Intelligent responding power network voltage level of electric vehicle charging device. CN 102386665 A, Mar. 2012.
29. Sekyung H., Soohee H., Sezaki K. Estimation of achievable power capacity from plug-in electric vehicles for V2G frequency regulation: case studies for market participation. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 2011, 2(4):632-641.
30. Pillai JR, Bak-Jensen B. Vehicle-to-grid systems for frequency regulation in an Islanded Danish distribution network. In: IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference. Lille, France; 2010.
31. Sekyung H., Soohee H., Sezaki K. Development of an optimal Vehicle-to-Grid aggregator for frequency regulation. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 2010, 1(1):65-72.
32. Shimizu K, Masuta T, Ota Y, Yokoyama A. Load Frequency Control in power system using Vehicle-to-Grid system considering the customer convenience of Electric Vehicles. In: Power System Technology Conference. Hangzhou, China; 2010.
33. Wu J, Ekanayake J, Samarakoon K. Frequency response from electric vehicles. In: the First Int. Conference on Smart Grids. Venice, Italy; 2011.
34. Connolly D., Lund H., Mathiesen B.V., Pican E., Leahy M. The technical and economic implications of integrating fluctuating renewable energy using energy storage. Renew Energy 2012, 43:47-60.
35. Kaldellis J.K., Zafirakis D. Optimum energy storage techniques for the improvement of renewable energy sources-based electricity generation economic efficiency. Energy 2007, 32:2295-2305.
36. Ibrahim H., Ilinca A., Perron J. Energy storage systems - characteristics and comparisons. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2008, 12(5):1221-1250.
37. Connolly D., Lund H., Finn P., Mathiesen B.V., Leahy M. Practical operation strategies for pumped hydroelectric energy storage (PHES) utilising electricity price arbitrage. Energy Pol 2011, 39(7):4189-4196.
38. Lund H., Salge G. The role of compressed air energy storage (CAES) in future sustainable energy systems. Energy Conversion Manage 2009, 50(5):1172-1179.
39. Kazempour S.J., Moghaddam M.P., Haghifam M.R., Yousefi G.R. Electric energy storage systems in a market-based economy: comparison of emerging and traditional technologies. Renew Energy 2009, 34:2630-2639.
40. Neubauer J. Pesaran A. PHEV/EV Li-ion Battery Second-Use Project, 2010. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. <> . http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/energystorage/pdfs/48018.pdf.
41. Tong S.J., Same A., Kootstra M.A., Park J.W. Off-grid photovoltaic vehicle charge using second life lithium batteries: an experimental and numerical investigation. Appl Energy 2013, 104:740-750.
42. Viswanathan V.V., Kintner-Meyer M. Second use of transportation batteries: maximizing the value of batteries for transportation and grid services. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 2011, 60(7):2963-2970.
43. Cready E, Lippert J, Pihl J, Weinstock I, Symons P, Jungst RG. Technical and economic feasibility of applying used ev batteries in stationary applications (Final Report). Sandia; 2003. Report SAND2002-4084.
44. Pillai J.R., Bak-Jensen B. Integration of Vehicle-to-Grid in the western Danish power system. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 2011, 2(1):12-19.
45. Liang L, Zhong J, Jiao Z. Frequency regulation for a power system with wind power and battery energy storage. In: IEEE Power System Technology (POWERCON) Conference. Pullman Hotel, Auckland, New Zealand 2012.
46. Kempton W., Tomic J. Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: calculating capacity and net revenue. J Power Sources 2005, 144:268-279.
47. Larsen E, Chandrashekhara DK, Östergård J. Electric vehicles for improved operation of power systems with high wind power penetration. In: IEEE Energy 2030 Conference. Atlanta, GA; 2008.
48. Lopes J.A.P., Soares F.J., Almeida P.M.R. Integration of electric vehicles in the electric power system. Proc IEEE 2011, 99(1):168-183.
49. Garcia-Valle R, Peças Lopes JA. Electric Vehicle Integration into Modern Power Networks. Springer Series on Power Electronics and Power Systems; 2012.
50. Liu H., Hu Z., Song Y., Lin J. Decentralized Vehicle-to-grid control for primary frequency regulation considering charging demands. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2013, 28(3):1-10.
51. Yang H., Chung C.Y., Zhao J. Application of plug-in electric vehicles to frequency regulation based on distributed signal acquisition via limited communication. IEEE Trans Power Syst 2013, 28(2):1017-1026.
52. Han Z, Huang H, Zhang Z, Sun Y. Optimization design on boiler-turbine coordinated control system with automatic generation control. In: Joint International Conference on POWERCON; 2008.
53. Wang R., Liu Z., Song X., Dong H. Matlab-based simulations of primary frequency control for large thermal generating unit. Power Syst Technol 2009, 33(14):42-46.
54. Energy Storage - a Cheaper, Faster, & Cleaner Alternative to Conventional Frequency Regulation. <> . http://www.ice-energy.com/stuff/contentmgr/files/1/76d44bfc1077e7fad6425102e55c0491/download/cesa_energy_storage_for_frequency_regulation.pdf.
55. Han H. The Study on the Control Strategy of V2G Participating Peak Regulation and Frequency Regulation of the Grid. Beijing Jiaotong University; 2011.
56. Kempton W, Udo V, Huber K, Komara K, Letendre S, Baker S, et al. A test of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) for energy storage and frequency regulation in the PJM system. 2008. <> . http://www.udel.edu/V2G/resources/test-v2g-in-pjm-jan09.pdf.
57. Andersson S.L., Elofsson A.K., Galus M.D., Göransson L., Karlsson S., Johnsson F., et al. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as regulating power providers: case studies of Sweden and Germany. Energy Pol 2010, 38(6):2751-2762.
58. Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control 1994, Inc., McGraw-Hill, New York.
59. Mili L. Taxonomy of the Characteristics of Power System Operating States. 2011.
60. One Million Electric Vehicles By 2015. February 2011 Status Report. <> . http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/1_million_electric_vehicles_rpt.pdf.
61. German Federal Government's National Electromobility Development Plan. August 2009. <> . http://sefile://ache=en,%20rwb=true.pdf/.
62. Kempton W., Tomić J., Letendre S., Brook A., Lipman T. Vehicle-to-grid power: battery, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles as resources for distributed electric power in California 2001, Institute of Transportation Studies (UCD), UC Davis.
63. Fluhr J, Ahlert KH. Weinhardt C. A stochastic model for simulating the availability of electric vehicles for services to the power grid. In: 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS): Koloa, Kauai, HI, USA; 2010.