메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2014, Pages

The relevance of pneumococcal serotypes

Author keywords

Disease severity; Invasive; Mortality; Pneumococcal; Serotype; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Vaccine

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE;

EID: 84896415549     PISSN: 15233847     EISSN: 15343146     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11908-014-0403-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 69949111769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: Global estimates
    • • doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09) 61204-6. This article illustrates the magnitude of the pneumococcal disease burden in children, both worldwide and at a regional level
    • • O'Brien KL, Wolfson LJ, Watt JP, Henkle E, Deloria-Knoll M, McCall N, et al. Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global estimates. Lancet. 2009;374(9693):893-902. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09) 61204-6. This article illustrates the magnitude of the pneumococcal disease burden in children, both worldwide and at a regional level.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , Issue.9693 , pp. 893-902
    • O'Brien, K.L.1    Wolfson, L.J.2    Watt, J.P.3    Henkle, E.4    Deloria-Knoll, M.5    McCall, N.6
  • 2
    • 70350353411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New perspectives on community-acquired pneumonia in 388 406 patients. Results from a nationwide mandatory performance measurement programme in healthcare quality
    • doi:10.1136/thx.2008.109785
    • Ewig S, Birkner N, Strauss R, Schaefer E, Pauletzki J, Bischoff H, et al. New perspectives on community-acquired pneumonia in 388 406 patients. Results from a nationwide mandatory performance measurement programme in healthcare quality. Thorax. 2009;64: 1062-9. doi:10.1136/thx.2008.109785.
    • (2009) Thorax , vol.64 , pp. 1062-1069
    • Ewig, S.1    Birkner, N.2    Strauss, R.3    Schaefer, E.4    Pauletzki, J.5    Bischoff, H.6
  • 3
    • 84876204283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single versus combination antibiotic therapy in adults hospitalised with community acquired pneumonia
    • on behalf of the British Thoracic Society. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012- 202296
    • Rodrigo C, Mckeever TM, Woodhead M, Lim WS, on behalf of the British Thoracic Society. Single versus combination antibiotic therapy in adults hospitalised with community acquired pneumonia. Thorax. 2013;68(5):493-5. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202296.
    • (2013) Thorax , vol.68 , Issue.5 , pp. 493-495
    • Rodrigo, C.1    Mckeever, T.M.2    Woodhead, M.3    Lim, W.S.4
  • 5
    • 79953025876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia and its relation to severity
    • doi:10.1136/thx.2010.143982
    • Cillóniz C, Ewig S, Polverino E, Marcos MA, Esquinas C, Gabarrús A, et al. Microbial aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia and its relation to severity. Thorax. 2011;66:340-6. doi:10.1136/thx.2010. 143982.
    • (2011) Thorax , vol.66 , pp. 340-346
    • Cillóniz, C.1    Ewig, S.2    Polverino, E.3    Marcos, M.A.4    Esquinas, C.5    Gabarrús, A.6
  • 6
    • 77954757935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and economic burden of pneumococcal disease in older US adults
    • doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.030
    • Weycker D, Strutton D, Edelsberg J, Sato R, Jackson LA. Clinical and economic burden of pneumococcal disease in older US adults. Vaccine. 2010;28(31):4955-60. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.05.030.
    • (2010) Vaccine , vol.28 , Issue.31 , pp. 4955-4960
    • Weycker, D.1    Strutton, D.2    Edelsberg, J.3    Sato, R.4    Jackson, L.A.5
  • 7
    • 84860372845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging population and future burden of pneumococcal pneumonia in the United States
    • doi:10.1093/infdis/jis240
    • Wroe PC, Finkelstein JA, Ray GT, Linder JA, Johnson KM, Rifas-Shiman S, et al. Aging population and future burden of pneumococcal pneumonia in the United States. J Infect Dis. 2012;205(10): 1589-92. doi:10.1093/infdis/jis240.
    • (2012) J Infect Dis , vol.205 , Issue.10 , pp. 1589-1592
    • Wroe, P.C.1    Finkelstein, J.A.2    Ray, G.T.3    Linder, J.A.4    Johnson, K.M.5    Rifas-Shiman, S.6
  • 8
    • 1442299471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: The key to pneumococcal disease
    • DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)00938-7, PII S1473309904009387
    • Bogaert D, deGroot R, Hermans PWM. Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4(3):144-54. doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(04)00938-7. (Pubitemid 38293138)
    • (2004) Lancet Infectious Diseases , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 144-154
    • Bogaert, D.1    De Groot, R.2    Hermans, P.W.M.3
  • 9
    • 0036983234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization by potential respiratory pathogens
    • Garcia-Rodriguez JA, Fresnadillo Martinez MJ. Dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization by potential respiratory pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002;50(Suppl S2):59-73.
    • (2002) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. S2 , pp. 59-73
    • Garcia-Rodriguez, J.A.1    Fresnadillo Martinez, M.J.2
  • 10
    • 84879747324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pneumococcus: Epidemiology, microbiology, and pathogenesis
    • doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a010215
    • Henriques-Normark B, Tuomanen EI. The pneumococcus: epidemiology, microbiology, and pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med. 2013;3(7). doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a010215.
    • (2013) Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med , vol.3 , Issue.7
    • Henriques-Normark, B.1    Tuomanen, E.I.2
  • 13
    • 77951788420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae in rural Gambian villages: A longitudinal study
    • doi:10.1086/652443
    • Hill PC, Townend J, Antonio M, Akisanya B, Ebruke C, Lahai G, et al. Transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae in rural Gambian villages: a longitudinal study. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(11):1468-76. doi:10.1086/652443.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.50 , Issue.11 , pp. 1468-1476
    • Hill, P.C.1    Townend, J.2    Antonio, M.3    Akisanya, B.4    Ebruke, C.5    Lahai, G.6
  • 14
    • 84871420387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococci in the African meningitis belt: Meningitis incidence and carriage prevalence in children and adults
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052464
    • Mueller JE, Yaro S, Ouédraogo MS, Levina N, Njanpop-Lafourcade B-M, Tall H, et al. Pneumococci in the African meningitis belt: meningitis incidence and carriage prevalence in children and adults. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52464. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052464.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , Issue.12
    • Mueller, J.E.1    Yaro, S.2    Ouédraogo, M.S.3    Levina, N.4    Njanpop-Lafourcade, B.-M.5    Tall, H.6
  • 16
    • 84892537461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal serotypes in adult non-invasive and invasive pneumonia in relation to child contact and child vaccination status
    • doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203987
    • Rodrigo C, Bewick T, Sheppard C, Greenwood S, MacGregor V, Trotter C, et al. Pneumococcal serotypes in adult non-invasive and invasive pneumonia in relation to child contact and child vaccination status. Thorax. 2014;69(2):168-73. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203987.
    • (2014) Thorax , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 168-173
    • Rodrigo, C.1    Bewick, T.2    Sheppard, C.3    Greenwood, S.4    MacGregor, V.5    Trotter, C.6
  • 17
    • 0037222927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic alteration of capsule type but not PspA type affects accessibility of surface-bound complement and surface antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • DOI 10.1128/IAI.71.1.218-225.2003
    • Abeyta M, Hardy GG, Yother J. Genetic alteration of capsule type but not PspA type affects accessibility of surface-bound complement and surface antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun. 2003;71(1):218-25. doi:10.1128/iai.71.1.218-225.2003. (Pubitemid 36026023)
    • (2003) Infection and Immunity , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 218-225
    • Abeyta, M.1    Hardy, G.G.2    Yother, J.3
  • 18
    • 33846015873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capsule enhances pneumococcal colonization by limiting mucus-mediated clearance
    • DOI 10.1128/IAI.01475-06
    • Nelson AL, Roche AM, Gould JM, Chim K, Ratner AJ,Weiser JN. Capsule enhances pneumococcal colonization by limiting mucus-mediated clearance. Infect Immun. 2007;75(1):83-90. doi:10.1128/iai.01475-06. (Pubitemid 46047881)
    • (2007) Infection and Immunity , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-90
    • Nelson, A.L.1    Roche, A.M.2    Gould, J.M.3    Chim, K.4    Ratner, A.J.5    Weiser, J.N.6
  • 19
    • 70350498834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia
    • • doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61114-4. This article provides an overview of the immunopathology of the pneumococcus, including the role of the polysaccharide capsule
    • • van der Poll T, Opal SM. Pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia. Lancet. 2009;374(9700):1543-56. doi:10.1016/s0140- 6736(09)61114-4. This article provides an overview of the immunopathology of the pneumococcus, including the role of the polysaccharide capsule.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , Issue.9700 , pp. 1543-1556
    • Van Der Poll, T.1    Opal, S.M.2
  • 20
    • 34047259058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capsule and D-alanylated lipoteichoic acids protect Streptococcus pneumoniae against neutrophil extracellular traps
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00857.x
    • Wartha F, Beiter K, Albiger B, Fernebro J, Zychlinsky A, Normark S, et al. Capsule and D-alanylated lipoteichoic acids protect Streptococcus pneumoniae against neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell Microbiol. 2007;9(5):1162-71. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00857.x. (Pubitemid 46547136)
    • (2007) Cellular Microbiology , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 1162-1171
    • Wartha, F.1    Beiter, K.2    Albiger, B.3    Fernebro, J.4    Zychlinsky, A.5    Normark, S.6    Henriques-normark, B.7
  • 21
    • 84857565171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 11E between asymptomatic carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease isolates reflects a unique model of pathogen microevolution
    • Calix JJ, Dagan R, Pelton SI, Porat N, Nahm MH. Differential occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 11E between asymptomatic carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease isolates reflects a unique model of pathogen microevolution. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(6):794-9.
    • (2012) Clin Infect Dis , vol.54 , Issue.6 , pp. 794-799
    • Calix, J.J.1    Dagan, R.2    Pelton, S.I.3    Porat, N.4    Nahm, M.H.5
  • 22
    • 78149387943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic evaluation of serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease among children under five: The pneumococcal global serotype project
    • • doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000348. A systematic review of pneumococcal serotype distribution, globally and regionally, in children with invasive pneumococcal disease
    • • Johnson HL, Deloria-Knoll M, Levine OS, Stoszek SK, Freimanis Hance L, Reithinger R, et al. Systematic evaluation of serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease among children under five: the pneumococcal global serotype project. PLoS Med. 2010;7(10): e1000348. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed. 1000348. A systematic review of pneumococcal serotype distribution, globally and regionally, in children with invasive pneumococcal disease.
    • (2010) PLoS Med , vol.7 , Issue.10
    • Johnson, H.L.1    Deloria-Knoll, M.2    Levine, O.S.3    Stoszek, S.K.4    Freimanis Hance, L.5    Reithinger, R.6
  • 23
    • 80955181060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herd immunity and serotype replacement 4 years after seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in England and Wales: An observational cohort study
    • Miller E, Andrews NJ, Waight PA, Slack MPE, George RC. Herd immunity and serotype replacement 4 years after seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in England and Wales: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11(10):760-8.
    • (2011) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.11 , Issue.10 , pp. 760-768
    • Miller, E.1    Andrews, N.J.2    Waight, P.A.3    Slack, M.P.E.4    George, R.C.5
  • 24
    • 71949103062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease in the era of conjugate vaccine
    • Pilishvili T, Lexau C, Farley MM, Hadler J, Harrison LH, Bennett NM, et al. Sustained reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease in the era of conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2010;201(1):32-41.
    • (2010) J Infect Dis , vol.201 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-41
    • Pilishvili, T.1    Lexau, C.2    Farley, M.M.3    Hadler, J.4    Harrison, L.H.5    Bennett, N.M.6
  • 25
    • 84867842044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease and 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, the Netherlands
    • doi:10.3201/eid1811.120329
    • van Deursen AM, van Mens SP, Sanders EA, Vlaminckx BJ, de Melker HE, Schouls LM, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease and 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(11):1729-37. doi:10.3201/eid1811.120329.
    • (2012) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.18 , Issue.11 , pp. 1729-1737
    • Van Deursen, A.M.1    Van Mens, S.P.2    Sanders, E.A.3    Vlaminckx, B.J.4    De Melker, H.E.5    Schouls, L.M.6
  • 26
    • 84867013557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease after introduction of PCV7 into the National Immunization Plan in Israel
    • doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.012
    • Ben-Shimol S, Greenberg D, Givon-Lavi N, Elias N, Glikman D, Rubinstein U, et al. Rapid reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease after introduction of PCV7 into the National Immunization Plan in Israel. Vaccine. 2012;30(46):6600-7. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.012.
    • (2012) Vaccine , vol.30 , Issue.46 , pp. 6600-6607
    • Ben-Shimol, S.1    Greenberg, D.2    Givon-Lavi, N.3    Elias, N.4    Glikman, D.5    Rubinstein, U.6
  • 27
    • 84899119433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in invasive pneumococcal disease serotypes in a regional area of Australia following three years of 7vPCV introduction
    • Fitzgerald T, Massey PD, Islam F. Changes in invasive pneumococcal disease serotypes in a regional area of Australia following three years of 7vPCV introduction. West Pac Surveill Response J. 2012;3(2):33-8.
    • (2012) West Pac Surveill Response J , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 33-38
    • Fitzgerald, T.1    Massey, P.D.2    Islam, F.3
  • 28
    • 57749095059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among adult patients in Barcelona before and after pediatric 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction, 1997-2007
    • doi:10.1086/594125
    • Ardanuy C, Tubau F, Pallares R, Calatayud L, Domínguez MA, Rolo D, et al. Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among adult patients in Barcelona before and after pediatric 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction, 1997-2007. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(1):57-64. doi:10.1086/594125.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-64
    • Ardanuy, C.1    Tubau, F.2    Pallares, R.3    Calatayud, L.4    Domínguez, M.A.5    Rolo, D.6
  • 29
    • 84888432838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from patients with invasive pneumococcal disease in Brazil before and after ten-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation
    • doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.042
    • dos Santos SR, Passadore LF, Takagi EH, Fujii CM, Yoshioka CRM, Gilio AE, et al. Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from patients with invasive pneumococcal disease in Brazil before and after ten-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation. Vaccine. 2013;31(51):6150-4. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.042.
    • (2013) Vaccine , vol.31 , Issue.51 , pp. 6150-6154
    • Dos Santos, S.R.1    Passadore, L.F.2    Takagi, E.H.3    Fujii, C.M.4    Yoshioka, C.R.M.5    Gilio, A.E.6
  • 30
    • 67649620111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continued impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on carriage in young children
    • doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3099
    • Huang SS, Hinrichsen VL, Stevenson AE, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kleinman K, Pelton SI, et al. Continued impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on carriage in young children. Pediatrics. 2009;124(1):e1-e11. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3099.
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.124 , Issue.1
    • Huang, S.S.1    Hinrichsen, V.L.2    Stevenson, A.E.3    Rifas-Shiman, S.L.4    Kleinman, K.5    Pelton, S.I.6
  • 31
    • 53349153976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect effect of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal colonization among unvaccinated household members
    • doi:10.1086/591966
    • Millar EV, Watt JP, Bronsdon MA, Dallas J, Reid R, Santosham M, et al. Indirect effect of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal colonization among unvaccinated household members. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47(8):989-96. doi:10.1086/591966.
    • (2008) Clin Infect Dis , vol.47 , Issue.8 , pp. 989-996
    • Millar, E.V.1    Watt, J.P.2    Bronsdon, M.A.3    Dallas, J.4    Reid, R.5    Santosham, M.6
  • 32
    • 0034924220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal immunization with killed unencapsulated whole cells prevents colonization and invasive disease by capsulated pneumococci
    • DOI 10.1128/IAI.69.8.4870-4873.2001
    • Malley R, Lipsitch M, Stack A, Saladino R, Fleisher G, Pelton S, et al. Intranasal immunization with killed unencapsulated whole cells prevents colonization and invasive disease by capsulated pneumococci. Infect Immun. 2001;69(8):4870-3. doi:10.1128/iai.69.8.4870-4873.2001. (Pubitemid 32674467)
    • (2001) Infection and Immunity , vol.69 , Issue.8 , pp. 4870-4873
    • Malley, R.1    Lipsitch, M.2    Stack, A.3    Saladino, R.4    Fleisher, G.5    Pelton, S.6    Thompson, C.7    Briles, D.8    Anderson, P.9
  • 33
    • 33744793500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attachment of capsular polysaccharide to the cell wall of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 2 is required for invasive disease
    • DOI 10.1073/pnas.0602148103
    • Morona JK, Morona R, Paton JC. Attachment of capsular polysaccharide to the cell wall of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 2 is required for invasive disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(22):8505-10. doi:10.1073/pnas. 0602148103. (Pubitemid 43838485)
    • (2006) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol.103 , Issue.22 , pp. 8505-8510
    • Morona, J.K.1    Morona, R.2    Paton, J.C.3
  • 34
    • 40949162838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors in host respiratory colonization and disease
    • DOI 10.1038/nrmicro1871, PII NRMICRO1871
    • Kadioglu A, Weiser JN, Paton JC, Andrew PW. The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors in host respiratory colonization and disease. Nature. 2008;6:288-301. (Pubitemid 351404773)
    • (2008) Nature Reviews Microbiology , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 288-301
    • Kadioglu, A.1    Weiser, J.N.2    Paton, J.C.3    Andrew, P.W.4
  • 35
    • 0038555738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal relationships between invasive and carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae and serotype- and clone-specific differences in invasive disease potential
    • DOI 10.1086/374624
    • Brueggemann AB, Griffiths DT, Meats E, Peto T, Crook DW, Spratt BG. Clonal relationships between invasive and carriage Streptococcus pneumoniae and serotype- and clone-specific differences in invasive disease potential. J Infect Dis. 2003;187(9):1424-32. doi:10.1086/374624. (Pubitemid 36549688)
    • (2003) Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol.187 , Issue.9 , pp. 1424-1432
    • Brueggemann, A.B.1    Griffiths, D.T.2    Meats, E.3    Peto, T.4    Crook, D.W.5    Spratt, B.G.6
  • 36
  • 37
    • 79953881891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of invasiveness of pneumococcal serotypes and clones circulating in Portugal before widespread use of conjugate vaccines reveals heterogeneous behavior of clones expressing the same serotype
    • doi:10.1128/jcm.01763-10
    • Sa-Leao R, Pinto F, Aguiar S, Nunes S, Carrico JA, Frazao N, et al. Analysis of invasiveness of pneumococcal serotypes and clones circulating in Portugal before widespread use of conjugate vaccines reveals heterogeneous behavior of clones expressing the same serotype. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(4):1369-75. doi:10.1128/jcm.01763-10.
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 1369-1375
    • Sa-Leao, R.1    Pinto, F.2    Aguiar, S.3    Nunes, S.4    Carrico, J.A.5    Frazao, N.6
  • 39
    • 84893506755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for respiratory failure in pneumococcal pneumonia: The importance of pneumococcal serotypes
    • doi:10.1183/09031936.00050413
    • Burgos J, Luján M, Larrosa MN, Fontanals D, Bermudo G, Planes AM, et al. Risk factors for respiratory failure in pneumococcal pneumonia: the importance of pneumococcal serotypes. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(2):545-53. doi:10.1183/09031936.00050413.
    • (2014) Eur Respir J , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 545-553
    • Burgos, J.1    Luján, M.2    Larrosa, M.N.3    Fontanals, D.4    Bermudo, G.5    Planes, A.M.6
  • 41
    • 73449104256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal pneumonia presenting with septic shock: Hostand pathogen-related factors and outcomes
    • doi:10.1136/thx.2009.123612
    • Garcia-Vidal C, Ardanuy C, Tubau F, Viasus D, Dorca J, Linares J, et al. Pneumococcal pneumonia presenting with septic shock: hostand pathogen-related factors and outcomes. Thorax. 2010;65(1):77-81. doi:10.1136/thx.2009.123612.
    • (2010) Thorax , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-81
    • Garcia-Vidal, C.1    Ardanuy, C.2    Tubau, F.3    Viasus, D.4    Dorca, J.5    Linares, J.6
  • 42
    • 84875514439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the emergence of non-vaccine pneumococcal serotypes on the clinical presentation and outcome of adults with invasive pneumococcal pneumonia
    • doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03895.x
    • Burgos J, Falcó V, Borrego A, Sordé R, Larrosa MN, Martinez X, et al. Impact of the emergence of non-vaccine pneumococcal serotypes on the clinical presentation and outcome of adults with invasive pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19(4):385-91. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691. 2012.03895.x.
    • (2013) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 385-391
    • Burgos, J.1    Falcó, V.2    Borrego, A.3    Sordé, R.4    Larrosa, M.N.5    Martinez, X.6
  • 45
    • 77955978715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of serotype with risk of death due to pneumococcal pneumonia: A meta-analysis
    • • doi:10.1086/655828. A systematic review and meta-analysis of serotype-specific risk of death in invasive pneumococcal disease
    • • Weinberger DM, Harboe ZB, Sanders EAM, Ndiritu M, Klugman KP, Rückinger S, et al. Association of serotype with risk of death due to pneumococcal pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(6):692-9. doi:10.1086/655828. A systematic review and meta-analysis of serotype-specific risk of death in invasive pneumococcal disease.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.51 , Issue.6 , pp. 692-699
    • Weinberger, D.M.1    Harboe, Z.B.2    Sanders, E.A.M.3    Ndiritu, M.4    Klugman, K.P.5    Rückinger, S.6
  • 46
    • 67650928143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide structure predicts serotype prevalence
    • doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000476
    • Weinberger DM, Trzciński K, Lu Y-J, Bogaert D, Brandes A, Galagan J, et al. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide structure predicts serotype prevalence. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5(6):e1000476. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000476.
    • (2009) PLoS Pathog , vol.5 , Issue.6
    • Weinberger, D.M.1    Trzciński, K.2    Lu, Y.-J.3    Bogaert, D.4    Brandes, A.5    Galagan, J.6
  • 47
    • 44949249890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in adults
    • doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000422.pub3
    • Moberley S, Holden J, Tatham DP, Andrews RM. Vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;1:CD000422. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000422.pub3.
    • (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.1
    • Moberley, S.1    Holden, J.2    Tatham, D.P.3    Andrews, R.M.4
  • 48
    • 0021020651 scopus 로고
    • Considerations for formulating the second-generation pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine with emphasis on the cross-reactive types within groups
    • Robbins JB, Austrian R, Lee C-J, Rastogi SC, Schiffman G, Henrichsen J, et al. Considerations for formulating the second-generation pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine with emphasis on the cross-reactive types within groups. J Infect Dis. 1983;148(6):1136-59. doi:10.1093/infdis/148.6.1136. (Pubitemid 14206325)
    • (1983) Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol.148 , Issue.6 , pp. 1136-1159
    • Robbins, J.B.1    Austrian, R.2    Lee, C.J.3
  • 49
    • 0032768797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B- and T-cell immune responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: Divergence between carrier- and polysaccharide-specific immunogenicity
    • McCool TL, Harding CV, Greenspan NS, Schreiber JR. B- and Tcell immune responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: divergence between carrier- and polysaccharide-specific immunogenicity. Infect Immun. 1999;67(9):4862-9. (Pubitemid 29400475)
    • (1999) Infection and Immunity , vol.67 , Issue.9 , pp. 4862-4869
    • Mccool, T.L.1    Harding, C.V.2    Greenspan, N.S.3    Schreiber, J.R.4
  • 51
    • 84876888774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine - Worldwide, 2000-2012
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Progress in introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine - worldwide, 2000-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62(16):308-11.
    • (2013) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.62 , Issue.16 , pp. 308-311
  • 52
    • 33646902114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect effect of conjugate vaccine on adult carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: An explanation of trends in invasive pneumococcal disease
    • DOI 10.1086/503805
    • Hammitt LL, Bruden DL, Butler JC, Baggett HC, Hurlburt DA, Reasonover A, et al. Indirect effect of conjugate vaccine on adult carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: an explanation of trends in invasive pneumococcal disease. J Infect Dis. 2006;193(11):1487-94. doi:10.1086/503805. (Pubitemid 43794576)
    • (2006) Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol.193 , Issue.11 , pp. 1487-1494
    • Hammitt, L.L.1    Bruden, D.L.2    Butler, J.C.3    Baggett, H.C.4    Hurlburt, D.A.5    Reasonover, A.6    Hennessy, T.W.7
  • 54
    • 84880290432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. hospitalizations for pneumonia after a decade of pneumococcal vaccination
    • Griffin MR, Zhu Y, Moore MR, Whitney CG, Grijalva CG. U.S. hospitalizations for pneumonia after a decade of pneumococcal vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(2):155-63.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-163
    • Griffin, M.R.1    Zhu, Y.2    Moore, M.R.3    Whitney, C.G.4    Grijalva, C.G.5
  • 55
    • 44749090762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a 2+1 dose schedule pneumococcal conjugate vaccination programme on invasive pneumococcal disease among children in Norway
    • doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.087
    • Vestrheim DF, Lovoll O, Aaberge IS, Caugant DA, Hoiby EA, Bakke H, et al. Effectiveness of a 2+1 dose schedule pneumococcal conjugate vaccination programme on invasive pneumococcal disease among children in Norway. Vaccine. 2008;26(26):3277-81. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.087.
    • (2008) Vaccine , vol.26 , Issue.26 , pp. 3277-3281
    • Vestrheim, D.F.1    Lovoll, O.2    Aaberge, I.S.3    Caugant, D.A.4    Hoiby, E.A.5    Bakke, H.6
  • 56
    • 84874425184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in serotype prevalence in invasive pneumococcal disease before and after infant pneumococcal vaccination in Belgium, 2002-2010
    • doi:10.1016/ j.vaccine.2012.11.103
    • Liesenborghs L, Verhaegen J, Peetermans WE, Vandeven J, Flamaing J. Trends in serotype prevalence in invasive pneumococcal disease before and after infant pneumococcal vaccination in Belgium, 2002-2010. Vaccine. 2013;31(11):1529-34. doi:10.1016/ j.vaccine.2012.11.103.
    • (2013) Vaccine , vol.31 , Issue.11 , pp. 1529-1534
    • Liesenborghs, L.1    Verhaegen, J.2    Peetermans, W.E.3    Vandeven, J.4    Flamaing, J.5
  • 57
    • 84857791376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carriage of Streptoccoccus pneumoniae 7 years after implementation of vaccination program in a population with very high and long-lasting coverage, Italy
    • doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.067
    • Ansaldi F, de Florentiis D, Canepa P, Zancolli M, Martini M, Orsi A, et al. Carriage of Streptoccoccus pneumoniae 7 years after implementation of vaccination program in a population with very high and long-lasting coverage, Italy. Vaccine. 2012;30(13):2288-94. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.067.
    • (2012) Vaccine , vol.30 , Issue.13 , pp. 2288-2294
    • Ansaldi, F.1    De Florentiis, D.2    Canepa, P.3    Zancolli, M.4    Martini, M.5    Orsi, A.6
  • 58
    • 84873057707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal carriage and invasive disease in children before introduction of the 13-valent conjugate vaccine: Comparison with the era before 7-valent conjugate vaccine
    • doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3182788fdd
    • Sharma D, BaughmanW, Holst A, Thomas S, Jackson D, da Gloria Carvalho M, et al. Pneumococcal carriage and invasive disease in children before introduction of the 13-valent conjugate vaccine: comparison with the era before 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32(2):e45-53. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3182788fdd.
    • (2013) Pediatr Infect Dis J , vol.32 , Issue.2
    • Sharma, D.1    Baughman, W.2    Holst, A.3    Thomas, S.4    Jackson, D.5    Da Gloria Carvalho, M.6
  • 59
    • 79955509218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on serotype-specific carriage and invasive disease in England: A cross-sectional study
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001017
    • Flasche S, Van Hoek AJ, Sheasby E, Waight P, Andrews N, Sheppard C, et al. Effect of Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on serotype-specific carriage and invasive disease in England: a cross-sectional study. PLoS Med. 2011;8(4):e1001017. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001017.
    • (2011) PLoS Med , vol.8 , Issue.4
    • Flasche, S.1    Van Hoek, A.J.2    Sheasby, E.3    Waight, P.4    Andrews, N.5    Sheppard, C.6
  • 60
    • 84873537250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal transmission and disease in silico: Amicrosimulationmodel of the indirect effects of vaccination
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056079
    • Nurhonen M, Cheng AC, Auranen K. Pneumococcal transmission and disease in silico: amicrosimulationmodel of the indirect effects of vaccination. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56079. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056079.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , Issue.2
    • Nurhonen, M.1    Cheng, A.C.2    Auranen, K.3
  • 61
    • 84875654762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the burden of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic techniques
    • for the AAPBST
    • Said MA, Johnson HL, Nonyane BAS, Deloria-Knoll M, O'Brien KL, for the AAPBST. Estimating the burden of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic techniques. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e60273.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , Issue.4
    • Said, M.A.1    Johnson, H.L.2    Nonyane, B.A.S.3    Deloria-Knoll, M.4    O'Brien, K.L.5
  • 62
    • 84861904332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotype prevalence in adults hospitalised with pneumococcal non-invasive community-acquired pneumonia
    • Bewick T, Sheppard C, Greenwood S, Slack M, Trotter C, George R, et al. Serotype prevalence in adults hospitalised with pneumococcal non-invasive community-acquired pneumonia. Thorax. 2012;67(6):540-5.
    • (2012) Thorax , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 540-545
    • Bewick, T.1    Sheppard, C.2    Greenwood, S.3    Slack, M.4    Trotter, C.5    George, R.6
  • 63
    • 84867711648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary complications of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia: Incidence, predictors, and outcomes
    • doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03692.x
    • Cillóniz C, Ewig S, Polverino E, Muñoz-Almagro C, Marco F, Gabarrús A, et al. Pulmonary complications of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia: incidence, predictors, and outcomes. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(11):1134-42. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03692.x.
    • (2012) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.18 , Issue.11 , pp. 1134-1142
    • Cillóniz, C.1    Ewig, S.2    Polverino, E.3    Muñoz-Almagro, C.4    Marco, F.5    Gabarrús, A.6
  • 64
    • 84888624249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in US adults aged ≥50 years with community-acquired pneumonia
    • doi:10.1093/infdis/jit506
    • Sherwin RL, Gray S, Alexander R, McGovern PC, Graepel J, Pride MW, et al. Distribution of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in US adults aged ≥50 years with community-acquired pneumonia. J Infect Dis.2013;208(11):1813-20. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit506.
    • (2013) J Infect Dis , vol.208 , Issue.11 , pp. 1813-1820
    • Sherwin, R.L.1    Gray, S.2    Alexander, R.3    McGovern, P.C.4    Graepel, J.5    Pride, M.W.6
  • 65
    • 38449103788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusions and empyema
    • DOI 10.1086/522996
    • Sahn SA. Diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusions and empyema. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(11):1480-6. doi:10.1086/522996. (Pubitemid 351411880)
    • (2007) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.45 , Issue.11 , pp. 1480-1486
    • Sahn, S.A.1
  • 68
    • 84875191146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The UK-ESPE study: Paediatric empyema in the UK
    • doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-301885.52
    • Thomas M, Simmister C, Elemraid M, Clark J, Rushton S, Gorton R, et al. The UK-ESPE study: paediatric empyema in the UK. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97 Suppl 1:A20- 1. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-301885.52.
    • (2012) Arch Dis Child , vol.97 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Thomas, M.1    Simmister, C.2    Elemraid, M.3    Clark, J.4    Rushton, S.5    Gorton, R.6
  • 69
    • 79951473317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal serotypes causing pneumoniawith pleural effusion in pediatric patients
    • doi:10.1128/jcm.01827-10
    • Yu J, Salamon D, Marcon M, Nahm MH. Pneumococcal serotypes causing pneumoniawith pleural effusion in pediatric patients. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(2):534-8. doi:10.1128/jcm.01827-10.
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 534-538
    • Yu, J.1    Salamon, D.2    Marcon, M.3    Nahm, M.H.4
  • 70
    • 84862066893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained high prevalence of pneumococcal serotype 1 in paediatric parapneumonic empyema in southern Spain from 2005 to 2009
    • doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03632.x
    • Obando I, Camacho-Lovillo MS, Porras A, Gandia-Gonzalez MA, Molinos A, Vazquez-Barba I, et al. Sustained high prevalence of pneumococcal serotype 1 in paediatric parapneumonic empyema in southern Spain from 2005 to 2009. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(8):763-8. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03632.x.
    • (2012) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 763-768
    • Obando, I.1    Camacho-Lovillo, M.S.2    Porras, A.3    Gandia-Gonzalez, M.A.4    Molinos, A.5    Vazquez-Barba, I.6
  • 71
    • 84883530502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotypes associated with the development of pneumococcal para-pneumonic effusion in adults
    • doi:10.1183/09031936.00144712
    • Bewick T, Sheppard C, Greenwood S, Slack M, Trotter C, George R, et al. Serotypes associated with the development of pneumococcal para-pneumonic effusion in adults. Eur Respir J. 2013;42(3): 733-41. doi:10.1183/09031936. 00144712.
    • (2013) Eur Respir J , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 733-741
    • Bewick, T.1    Sheppard, C.2    Greenwood, S.3    Slack, M.4    Trotter, C.5    George, R.6
  • 72
    • 77749245938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing incidence of empyema complicating childhood community-acquired pneumonia in the United States
    • doi:10.1086/650573
    • Grijalva CG, Nuorti JP, Zhu Y, Griffin MR. Increasing incidence of empyema complicating childhood community-acquired pneumonia in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(6):805-13. doi:10.1086/650573.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.50 , Issue.6 , pp. 805-813
    • Grijalva, C.G.1    Nuorti, J.P.2    Zhu, Y.3    Griffin, M.R.4
  • 74
    • 77956816304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV7) programme on childhood hospital admissions for bacterial pneumonia and empyema in England: National time-trends study, 1997-2008
    • doi:10.1136/thx.2010.137802
    • Koshy E, Murray J, Bottle A, Sharland M, Saxena S. Impact of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV7) programme on childhood hospital admissions for bacterial pneumonia and empyema in England: national time-trends study, 1997-2008. Thorax. 2010;65(9):770- 4. doi:10.1136/thx.2010. 137802.
    • (2010) Thorax , vol.65 , Issue.9 , pp. 770-774
    • Koshy, E.1    Murray, J.2    Bottle, A.3    Sharland, M.4    Saxena, S.5
  • 75
    • 77952303422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How bacterial carbohydrates influence the adaptive immune system
    • doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101159
    • Avci FY, Kasper DL. How bacterial carbohydrates influence the adaptive immune system. Annu Rev Immunol. 2010;28:107-30. doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol- 030409-101159.
    • (2010) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.28 , pp. 107-130
    • Avci, F.Y.1    Kasper, D.L.2
  • 76
    • 0027366918 scopus 로고
    • Structural features of polysaccharides that induce intra-abdominal abscesses
    • Tzianabos AO, Onderdonk AB, Rosner B, Cisneros RL, Kasper DL. Structural features of polysaccharides that induce intraabdominal abscesses. Science. 1993;262(5132):416-9. (Pubitemid 23353382)
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , Issue.5132 , pp. 416-419
    • Tzianabos, A.O.1    Onderdonk, A.B.2    Rosner, B.3    Cisneros, R.L.4    Kasper, D.L.5
  • 77
    • 58349094326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal meningitis
    • doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0800836
    • Hsu HE, Shutt KA,Moore MR, Beall BW, Bennett NM, Craig AS, et al. Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(3):244-56. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0800836.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , Issue.3 , pp. 244-256
    • Hsu, H.E.1    Shutt, K.A.2    Moore, M.R.3    Beall, B.W.4    Bennett, N.M.5    Craig, A.S.6
  • 78
    • 77949436797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African meningitis belt pneumococcal disease epidemiology indicates a need for an effective serotype 1 containing vaccine, including for older children and adults
    • doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-22
    • Gessner BD, Mueller JE, Yaro S. African meningitis belt pneumococcal disease epidemiology indicates a need for an effective serotype 1 containing vaccine, including for older children and adults. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10:22. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-22.
    • (2010) BMC Infect Dis , vol.10 , pp. 22
    • Gessner, B.D.1    Mueller, J.E.2    Yaro, S.3
  • 79
    • 84863115207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Asian countries: An Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) study
    • doi:10.1128/aac.05658-11
    • Kim SH, Song J-H, Chung DR, Thamlikitkul V, Yang Y, Wang H, et al. Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Asian countries: an Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56(3):1418-26. doi:10.1128/aac.05658-11.
    • (2012) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 1418-1426
    • Kim, S.H.1    Song, J.-H.2    Chung, D.R.3    Thamlikitkul, V.4    Yang, Y.5    Wang, H.6
  • 80
    • 79960509685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal disease: Association between serotype, clinical presentation and lethality
    • doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.099
    • Rodríguez MAG, González AV, Gavín MAO, Martínez FM, Marín NG, Blázquez BR, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease: association between serotype, clinical presentation and lethality. Vaccine. 2011;29(34):5740-6. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.099.
    • (2011) Vaccine , vol.29 , Issue.34 , pp. 5740-5746
    • Rodríguez, M.A.G.1    González, A.V.2    Gavín, M.A.O.3    Martínez, F.M.4    Marín, N.G.5    Blázquez, B.R.6
  • 81
    • 77649115922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotype 19A is the most common serotype causing invasive pneumococcal infections in children
    • • doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1702. This article highlights the significance of serotype 19A as an important ' replacement' serotype, and its role in antimicrobial resistance
    • • Kaplan SL, Barson WJ, Lin PL, Stovall SH, Bradley JS, Tan TQ, et al. Serotype 19A is the most common serotype causing invasive pneumococcal infections in children. Pediatrics. 2010;125(3):429-36. doi:10.1542/peds.2008- 1702. This article highlights the significance of serotype 19A as an important ' replacement' serotype, and its role in antimicrobial resistance.
    • (2010) Pediatrics , vol.125 , Issue.3 , pp. 429-436
    • Kaplan, S.L.1    Barson, W.J.2    Lin, P.L.3    Stovall, S.H.4    Bradley, J.S.5    Tan, T.Q.6
  • 82
    • 79955041157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shifting genetic structure of invasive serotype 19A pneumococci in the United States
    • doi:10.1093/infdis/jir052
    • Beall BW, Gertz RE, Hulkower RL, Whitney CG, Moore MR, Brueggemann AB. Shifting genetic structure of invasive serotype 19A pneumococci in the United States. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(10): 1360-8. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir052.
    • (2011) J Infect Dis , vol.203 , Issue.10 , pp. 1360-1368
    • Beall, B.W.1    Gertz, R.E.2    Hulkower, R.L.3    Whitney, C.G.4    Moore, M.R.5    Brueggemann, A.B.6
  • 83
    • 84875870662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A invasive infections in children from 1993 to 2011
    • doi:10.1128/jcm.00058-13
    • Hulten KG, Kaplan SL, Lamberth LB, Barson WJ, Romero JR, Lin PL, et al. Changes in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A invasive infections in children from 1993 to 2011. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51(4):1294-7. doi:10.1128/jcm.00058- 13.
    • (2013) J Clin Microbiol , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 1294-1297
    • Hulten, K.G.1    Kaplan, S.L.2    Lamberth, L.B.3    Barson, W.J.4    Romero, J.R.5    Lin, P.L.6
  • 85
    • 79957438750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6C at eight children's hospitals in the United States from 1993 to 2009
    • doi:10.1128/jcm.02207-10
    • Green MC, Mason EO, Kaplan SL, Lamberth LB, Stovall SH, Givner LB, et al. Increase in prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6C at eight children's hospitals in the United States from 1993 to 2009. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(6): 2097-101. doi:10.1128/jcm.02207-10.
    • (2011) J Clin Microbiol , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 2097-2101
    • Green, M.C.1    Mason, E.O.2    Kaplan, S.L.3    Lamberth, L.B.4    Stovall, S.H.5    Givner, L.B.6
  • 86
    • 84857383031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6D clones in South Korea
    • doi:10.1128/jcm.05895-11
    • Ko KS, Baek JY, Song JH. Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6D clones in South Korea. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(3):818-22. doi:10.1128/jcm.05895-11.
    • (2012) J Clin Microbiol , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 818-822
    • Ko, K.S.1    Baek, J.Y.2    Song, J.H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.