How can we design low back pain intervention studies to better explain the effects of treatment?

Spine

Volumn 39, Issue 5, 2014, Pages

  Mansell, Gemma ^a   Hill, Jonathan C ^a   Kamper, Steven J ^b   Kent, Peter ^c,d   Main, Chris ^a   Van Der Windt, Danielle A ^a  

^a KEELE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^c VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COGNITIVE THERAPY; HUMAN; LOW BACK PAIN; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW; SELF CONCEPT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; METHODOLOGY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PROCEDURES;

HUMANS; LOW BACK PAIN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PROGNOSIS; RESEARCH DESIGN;

EID: 84896387766     PISSN: 03622436     EISSN: 15281159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000144     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. van der Windt D, Hay E, Jellema P, et al. Psychosocial interventions for low back pain in primary care: lessons learnt from recent trials. Spine 2008; 33: 81-9.
2. Guzman J, Esmail R, Karjalainen K, et al. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: systematic review. BMJ 2001; 322: 1511-6. (Pubitemid 32588346)
3. Haldorsen EM, Grasdal AL, Skouen JS, et al. Is there a right treatment for a particular patient group? Comparison of ordinary treatment, light multidisciplinary treatment, and extensive multidisciplinary treatment for long-term sick-listed employees with musculoskeletal pain. Pain 2002; 95: 49-63. (Pubitemid 34081215)
4. Shaw WS, Linton SJ, Pransky G. Reducing sickness absence from work due to low back pain: how well do intervention strategies match modifi able risk factors ? J Occup Rehabil 2006; 16: 591-605. (Pubitemid 44924082)
5. Kraemer HC, Wilson GT, Fairburn CG, et al. Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 877-83.
6. Kraemer HC, Stice E, Kazdin A, et al. How do risk factors work together? Mediators, moderators, and independent, overlapping, and proxy risk factors. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 848-56. (Pubitemid 32547610)
7. Woby SR, Roach NK, Urmston M, et al. The relation between cognitive factors and levels of pain and disability in chronic low back pain patients presenting for physiotherapy. Eur J Pain 2007; 11: 869-77. (Pubitemid 47321247)
8. Arnstein P, Caudill M, Mandle CL, et al. Self-effi cacy as a mediator of the relationship between pain intensity, disability and depression in chronic pain patients. Pain 1999; 80: 483-91. (Pubitemid 29182698)
9. Gheldof EL, Vinck J, Van den Bussche E, et al. Pain and painrelated fear are associated with functional and social disability in an occupational setting: evidence of mediation by pain-related fear. Eur J Pain 2006; 10: 513-25. (Pubitemid 44177505)
10. Liu LC, Flay BR. Aban Aya Investigators. Evaluating mediation in longitudinal multivariate data: mediation effects for the Aban Aya Youth Project drug prevention program. Prev Sci 2009; 10: 197-207.
11. Kazdin AE. Mediators and mechanisms of change in psychotherapy research. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2007; 3: 1-27. (Pubitemid 46651119)
12. Kamper SJ, Maher CG, Costa Lda CM, et al. Does fear of movement mediate the relationship between pain intensity and disability in patients following whiplash injury? A prospective longitudinal study. Pain 2012; 153: 113-9.
13. Costa Lda CM, Maher CG, McAuley JH, et al. Self-effi cacy is more important than fear of movement in mediating the relationship between pain and disability in chronic low back pain. Eur J Pain 2011; 15: 213-9.
14. Hall AM, Kamper SJ, Maher CG, et al. Symptoms of depression and stress mediate the effect of pain on disability. Pain 2011; 152: 1044-51.
15. Collins LM, Graham JW, Flaherty BP. An alternative framework for defi ning mediation. Multivar Behav Res 1998; 33: 295-312.
16. Lockhart G, MacKinnon DP, Ohlrich V. Mediation analysis in psychosomatic medicine research. Psychosom Med 2011; 73: 29-43.
17. Maric M, Wiers RW, Prins PJ. Ten ways to improve the use of statistical mediation analysis in the practice of child and adolescent treatment research. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2012; 15: 177-91.
18. Leeuw M, Goossens ME, van Breukelen GJ, et al. Exposure in vivo versus operant graded activity in chronic low back pain patients: results of a randomized controlled trial. Pain 2008; 138: 192-207.
19. Mulroy SJ, Winstein CJ, Kulig K, et al. Secondary mediation and regression analyses of the PTClinResNet database: Determining causal relationships among the international classifi cation of functioning, disability and health levels for four physical therapy intervention trials. Phys Ther 2011; 91: 1766-79.
20. Bullock JG, Green DP, Ha SE. Yes, but what's the mechanism? (don't expect an easy answer). J Pers Soc Psychol 2010; 98: 550-58.
21. Murphy R, Cooper Z, Hollon SD, et al. How do psychological treatments work? Investigating mediators of change. Behav Res Ther 2009; 47: 1-5.
22. Judd CM, Kenny DA. Process analysis: Estimating mediation in treatment evaluations. Eval Rev 1981; 5: 602-19.
23. Emsley R, Dunn G, White IR. Mediation and moderation of treatment effects in randomised controlled trials of complex interventions. Stat Methods Med Res 2010; 19: 237-70.
24. Grissom RJ, Kim JJ. Effect Sizes for Research: Univariate and Multivariate Applications. 2nd ed. New York: Taylor & Francis (Routledge ); 2012.
25. Hayes AF. Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Commun Monogr 2009; 76: 408-20.
26. MacKinnon DP, Fairchild AJ, Fritz MS. Mediation analysis. Ann Rev Psychol 2007; 58: 593-614.
27. MacKinnon DP, Fairchild AJ. Current directions in mediation analysis. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2009; 18: 16-20.
28. MacKinnon DP. Analysis of mediating variables in prevention and intervention research. Natl Inst Drug Abuse Monogr 1994; 139: 127-53.
29. MacKinnon DP. Integrating mediators and moderators in research design. Res Social Work Pract 2011; 21: 675-81.
30. Mathieu JE, Taylor SR. Clarifying conditions and decision points for mediational type inferences in organizational behavior. J Org Behav 2006; 27: 1031-56. (Pubitemid 44825746)
31. Holbert RL, Stephenson MT. Structural equation modeling in the communication sciences, 1995-2000. J Hum Commun Res 2008; 28: 531-51.
32. Tomarken AJ, Waller NG. Potential problems with "well fi tting" models. J Abnormal Psychol 2003; 112: 578-98. (Pubitemid 37509605)
33. Fritz MS, MacKinnon DP. Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychol Sci 2007; 18: 233-9.
34. Streiner DL, Norman GR. Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use. 4th ed Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008.
35. Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, et al. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol 2007; 60: 34-42. (Pubitemid 44856236)
36. Keller A, Hayden J, Bombardier C, et al. Effect sizes of nonsurgical treatments of nonspecifi c low back pain. Eur Spine J 2007; 16: 1776-88. (Pubitemid 350105314)
37. Machedo LA, Kamper SJ, Herbert RD, et al. Analgesic effects of treatments for nonspecifi c low back pain: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 48: 520-7.
38. Jellema P, van der Windt DA, van der Horst HE, et al. Why is a treatment aimed at psychosocial factors not effective in patients with (sub)acute low back pain ? Pain 2005; 118: 350-9. (Pubitemid 41752992)
39. Thorn BE, Day MA, Burns J, et al. Randomized trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy compared with a pain education control for low-literacy rural people with chronic pain. Pain 2011; 152: 2710-20.