Global atmospheric cycle of mercury: A model study on the impact of oxidation mechanisms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Volumn 21, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 4110-4123

  De Simone, F ^a   Gencarelli, C N ^a   Hedgecock, I M ^a   Pirrone, N ^b  

^a Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research   (Italy)

^b Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research   (Italy)

Author keywords

Air sea exchange; Deposition fluxes; Global; Mercury; Modelling; Online

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CIRCULATION MODELING; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); FLUX MEASUREMENT; MERCURY (ELEMENT); OXIDATION; POLLUTANT; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

MERCURY;

AIR POLLUTANT; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL MODEL; ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND RELATED PHENOMENA; OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION; POLLUTANT;

AIR POLLUTANTS; ECOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; MERCURY; MODELS, CHEMICAL; OXIDATION-REDUCTION;

EID: 84895870641     PISSN: 09441344     EISSN: 16147499     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2451-x     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Amos HM, Jacob DJ, Holmes CD, Fisher JA, Wang Q, Yantosca RM, Corbitt ES, Galarneau E, Rutter AP, Gustin MS, Steffen A, Schauer JJ, Graydon JA, Louis VLS, Talbot RW, Edgerton ES, Zhang Y, Sunderland EM (2012) Gas-particle partitioning of atmospheric Hg(II) and its effect on global mercury deposition. Atmos Chem Phys 12(1): 591-603. doi: 10. 5194/acp-12-591-2012.
2. Andersson M, Gårdfeldt K, Wängberg I, Sprovieri F, Pirrone N, Lindqvist O (2007) Seasonal and daily variation of mercury evasion at coastal and off shore sites from the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Chem 104(3-4): 214-226.
3. Andersson ME, Gårdfeldt K, Wängberg I, Strömberg D (2008) Determination of Henry's law constant for elemental mercury. Chemosphere 73(4): 587-592.
4. Andersson ME, Sommar J, Gårdfeldt K, Jutterström S (2011) Air-sea exchange of volatile mercury in the North Atlantic Ocean. Mar Chem 125(1-4): 1-7. doi: 10. 1016/j. marchem. 2011. 01. 005.
5. Brunke EG, Ebinghaus R, Kock HH, Labuschagne C, Slemr F (2012) Emissions of mercury in Southern Africa derived from long-term observations at Cape Point, South Africa. Atmos Chem Phys 12(16): 7465-7474. doi: 10. 5194/acp-12-7465-2012. http://www. atmos-chem-phys. net/12/7465/2012/.
6. Bullock OR, Atkinson D, Braverman T, Civerolo K, Dastoor A, Davignon D, Ku JY, Lohman K, Myers TC, Park RJ, Seigneur C, Selin NE, Sistla G, Vijayaraghavan K (2008) The North American Mercury Model Intercomparison Study (NAMMIS): study description and model-to-model comparisons. J Geophys Res Atmos 113(D17): 310.
7. Bullock ORJ, Atkinson D, Braverman T, Civerolo K, Dastoor A, Davignon D, Ku JY, Lohman K, Myers TC, Park RJ, Seigneur C, Selin NE, Sistla G, Vijayaraghavan K (2009) An analysis of simulated wet deposition of mercury from the North American Mercury Model Intercomparison Study. J Geophys Res 114(D8): 301.
8. Calvert JG, Lindberg SE (2005) Mechanisms of mercury removal by O3 and OH in the atmosphere. Atmos Environ 39(18): 3355-3367.
9. Collier AB, Hughes AR (2011) Lightning and the African {ITCZ}. J Atmos Solar Terr Phys 73(16): 2392-2398. doi: 10. 1016/j. jastp. 2011. 08. 010.
10. Cossa D, Coquery M (2005) The Mediterranean mercury anomaly, a geochemical or a biological issue. In: Saliot A (ed) The Mediterranean Sea, handbook of environmental chemistry. 5K. Springer, Berlin, pp 177-208.
11. Damian V, Sandu A, Damian M, Potra F, Carmichae GR (2002) The kinetic preprocessor KPP-a software environment for solving chemical kinetics. Comput Chem Eng 26(11): 1567-1579. doi: 10. 1016/S0098-1354(02)00128-X.
12. Dastoor AP, Larocque Y (2004) Global circulation of atmospheric mercury: a modelling study. Atmos Environ 38(1): 147-161.
13. Durnford D, Dastoor A, Figueras-Nieto D, Ryjkov A (2010) Long range transport of mercury to the arctic and across Canada. Atmos Chem Phys 10(13): 6063-6086.
14. Durnford DA, Dastoor AP, Steen AO, Berg T, Ryzhkov A, Figueras-Nieto D, Hole LR, Pfaffhuber KA, Hung H (2012) How relevant is the deposition of mercury onto snowpacks? Part 1: a statistical study on the impact of environmental factors. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 12(1): 387-439.
15. Emmons LK, Walters S, Hess PG, Lamarque JF, Pfister GG, Fillmore D, Granier C, Guenther A, Kinnison D, Laepple T, Orlando J, Tie X, Tyndall G, Wiedinmyer C, Baughcum SL, Kloster S (2010) Description and evaluation of the model for ozone and related chemical tracers, version 4 (Mozart-4). Geosci Model Dev 3(1): 43-67.
16. Gårdfeldt K, Jonsson M (2003) Is bimolecular reduction of Hg(II) complexes possible in aqueous systems of environmental importance. J Phys Chem A 107(22): 4478-4482.
17. Gay DA, Schmeltz D, Prestbo E, Olson M, Sharac T, Tordon R (2013) The atmospheric mercury network: measurement and initial examination of an ongoing atmospheric mercury record across North America. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 13(4): 10521-10546.
18. Goodsite ME, Plane JMC, Skov H (2004) A theoretical study of the oxidation of Hg0 to HgBr2 in the troposphere. Environ Sci Technol 38(6): 1772-1776. doi: 10. 1021/es034680s.
19. Goodsite M, Outridge P, Christensen J, Dastoor A, Muir D, Travnikov O, Wilson S (2013) How well do environmental archives of atmospheric mercury deposition in the arctic reproduce rates and trends depicted by atmospheric models and measurements? Sci Total Environ 452-453: 196-207.
20. Granier C, Lamarque J, Mieville A, Muller J, Olivier J, Orlando J, Peters J, Petron G, Tyndall G, Wallens S (2005) POET, a database of surface emissions of ozone precursors, available on internet at http://www. aero. jussieu. fr/projet/ACCENT/POET. php.
21. Hagemann S, Arpe K, Roeckner E (2006) Evaluation of the hydrological cycle in the ECHAM5 model. J Clim 19(16): 3810-3827.
22. Harris R, Pollman C, Landing W, Evans D, Axelrad D, Hutchinson D, Morey SL, Rumbold D, Dukhovskoy D, Adams DH, Vijayaraghavan K, Holmes C, Atkinson RD, Myers T, Sunderland E (2012) Mercury in the Gulf of Mexico: sources to receptors. Environ Res 119: 42-52.
23. Hedgecock IM, Trunfio GA, Pirrone N, Sprovieri F (2005) Mercury chemistry in the MBL: Mediterranean case and sensitivity studies using the AMCOTS (Atmospheric Mercury Chemistry Over The Sea) model. Atmos Environ 39(38): 7217-7230.
24. Holmes CD, Jacob DJ, Corbitt ES, Mao J, Yang X, Talbot R, Slemr F (2010) Global atmospheric model for mercury including oxidation by bromine atoms. Atmos Chem Phys 10(24): 12037-12057. doi: 10. 5194/acp-10-12037-2010.
25. Horowitz LW, Walters S, Mauzerall DL, Emmons LK, Rasch PJ, Granier C, Tie X, Lamarque JF, Schultz MG, Tyndall GS, Orlando JJ, Brasseur GP (2003) A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2. J Geophys Res Atmos 108(D24): 4787.
26. Hynes AJ, Donohoue DL, Goodsite ME, Hedgecock IM (2009) Our current understanding of major chemical and physical processes affecting mercury dynamics in the atmosphere and at the air-water/terrestrial interfaces. In: Pirrone N, Mason RP (eds) Mercury fate and transport in the global atmosphere: emissions, measurements and models. Springer, Berlin, pp 427-457. chap 14.
27. Jacobson MZ (1999) Fundamentals of atmospheric modeling. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
28. Jung G, Hedgecock IM, Pirrone N (2009) ECHMERIT v1. 0-a new global fully coupled mercury-chemistry and transport model. Geosci Model Dev 2(2): 175-195. doi: 10. 5194/gmd-2-175-2009.
29. Kerkweg A, Buchholz J, Ganzeveld L, Pozzer A, Tost H, Jöckel P (2006) Technical note: an implementation of the dry removal processes DRY DEPosition and SEDImentation in the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy). Atmos Chem Phys 6(12): 4617-4632. doi: 10. 5194/acp-6-4617-2006.
30. Lei H, Liang XZ, Wuebbles DJ, Tao Z (2013) Model analyses of atmospheric mercury: present air quality and effects of transpacific transport on the United States. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss 13(4): 9849-9893. doi: 10. 5194/acpd-13-9849-2013. http://www. atmos-chem-phys-discuss. net/13/9849/2013/.
31. Lin SJ, Rood RB (1996) Multidimensional flux-form semi-Lagrangian transport schemes. Mon Weather Rev 124: 2046. doi: 10. 1175/ 1520-0493(1996)124<2046: MFFSLT>2. 0. CO;2.
32. Lin C-J, Pongprueksa P, Lindberg SE, Pehkonen SO, Byun D, Jang C (2006) Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models I: model science evaluation. Atmos Environ 40: 2911-2928.
33. Lindberg S, Bullock R, Ebinghaus R, Engstrom D, Feng X, Fitzgerald W, Pirrone N, Prestbo E, Seigneur C (2007) A synthesis of progress and uncertainties in attributing the sources of mercury in deposition AMBIO. J Hum Environ 36(1): 19-33.
34. Liss PS, Slater PG (1974) Flux of gases across the air-sea interface. Nature 247(5438): 181-184.
35. Lohman K, Seigneur C, Edgerton E, Jansen J (2006) Modeling mercury in power plant plumes. Environ Sci Technol 40(12): 3848-3854.
36. Lohman K, Seigneur C, Gustin M, Lindberg S (2008) Sensitivity of the global atmospheric cycle of mercury to emissions. Appl Geochem 23(3): 454-466.
37. Mason RP (2009) Mercury emissions from natural processes and their importance in the global mercury cycle Mercury fate and transport in the global atmosphere. Springer, Berlin, pp 173-191.
38. Mason RP, Sheu GR (2002) Role of the ocean in the global mercury cycle. Global Biogeochem Cycles 16(4): 1093.
39. Nordeng T (1994) Extended versions of the convection parametrization scheme at ECMWF and their impact upon the mean climate and transient activity of the model in the tropics. ECMWF, Reading. Tech. rep. Research Dept technical memorandum no. 206.
40. Oken E, Choi A, Karagas M, Mariën K, Rheinberger C, Schoeny R, Sunderland E, Korrick S (2012) Which fish should I eat? Perspectives influencing fish consumption choices. Environ Health Perspect 120(6): 790-798.
41. Pacyna EG, Pacyna JM, Steenhuisen F, Wilson S (2006) Global anthropogenic mercury emission inventory for 2000. Atmos Environ 40 22: 4048-4063.
42. Pehkonen SO, Lin CJ (1998) Aqueous photochemistry of mercury with organic acids. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 48(2): 144-150.
43. Peters JAHW, Olivier JGJ (2003) EDGAR3/POET ENUSSUIBS; 1997 emissions and scenarios for 1995-2020; technical background information on global and regional sectoral emissions. RIVM, Bilthoven. Report no 773301003.
44. Pirrone N, Allegrini I, Keeler GJ, Nriagu JO, Rossmann R, Robbins JA (1998) Historical atmospheric mercury emissions and depositions in North America compared to mercury accumulations in sedimentary records. Atmos Environ 32(5): 929-940.
45. Pongprueksa P, Lin CJ, Lindberg SE, Jang C, Braverman T, Bullock ORB Jr, Ho TC, Chu HW (2008) Scientific uncertainties in atmospheric mercury models III: boundary and initial conditions, model grid resolution, and Hg(II) reduction mechanism. Atmos Environ 42(8): 1828-1845.
46. Perez-Cruz L (2013) Hydrological changes and paleoproductivity in the Gulf of California during middle and Late Holocene and their relationship with ITCZ and North American monsoon variability. Quat Res 79(2): 138-151.
47. Roeckner E, Bäuml G, Bonaventura L, Brokopf R, Esch M, Giorgetta M, Hagemann S, Kirchner I, Kornblueh L, Manzini E, Rhodin A, Schlese U, Schulzweida UAT (2003) The atmospheric general circulation model echam 5. Part I: model description. Tech. rep. Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Hamburg. mPI-report no. 349.
48. Roeckner E, Brokopf R, Esch M, Giorgetta M, Hagemann S, Kornblueh L, Manzini E, Schlese U, Schulzweida U (2006) Sensitivity of simulated climate to horizontal and vertical resolution in the ECHAM5 atmosphere model. J Clim 19(16): 3771-3791.
49. Sander R, Kerkweg A, Jöckel P, Lelieveld J (2005) Technical note: the new comprehensive atmospheric chemistry module MECCA. Atmos Chem Phys 5(2): 445-450.
50. Sandu A, Sander R (2006) Technical note: simulating chemical systems in Fortran90 and Matlab with the Kinetic Preprocessor KPP-2. 1. Atmos Chem Phys 6(1): 187-195. doi: 10. 5194/acp-6-187-2006.
51. Sanei H, Outridge P, Goodarzi F, Wang F, Armstrong D, Warren K, Fishback L (2010) Wet deposition mercury fluxes in the Canadian sub-Arctic and southern Alberta, measured using an automated precipitation collector adapted to cold regions. Atmos Environ 44(13): 1672-1681.
52. Schwartz SE (1986) Mass-transport considerations pertinent to aqueous phase reactions of gases in liquid-water clouds. Chem Multiph Atmos Syst 6: 415-471.
53. Seigneur C, Karamchandani P, Lohman K, Vijayaraghavan K, Shia RL (2001) Multiscale modeling of the atmospheric fate and transport of mercury. J Geophys Res Atmos 106(D21): 27795-27809.
54. Seigneur C, Vijayaraghavan K, Lohman K (2006) Atmospheric mercury chemistry: sensitivity of global model simulations to chemical reactions. J Geophys Res D Atmos 111(22): D22306.
55. Seinfeld JH, Pandis SN (1998) Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change, Wiley, New York.
56. Selin NE (2009) Global biogeochemical cycling of mercury: a review. Annu Rev Environ Resour 34(1): 43-63.
57. Selin NE, Jacob DJ, Park RJ, Yantosca RM, Strode S, Jaeglé L, Jaffe D (2007) Chemical cycling and deposition of atmospheric mercury: global constraints from observations. J Geophys Res Atmos 112(D02): 308.
58. Selin NE, Jacob DJ, Yantosca RM, Strode S, Jaeglé L, Sunderland EM (2008) Global 3-D land-ocean-atmosphere model for mercury: present-day versus preindustrial cycles and anthropogenic enrichment factors for deposition. Global Biogeochem Cycles 22: GB2011.
59. Slemr F, Brunke EG, Ebinghaus R, Kuss J (2011) Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1995. Atmos Chem Phys 11(10): 4779-4787.
60. Soerensen AL, Sunderland EM, Holmes CD, Jacob DJ, Yantosca RM, Skov H, Christensen JH, Strode SA, Mason RP (2010) An improved global model for air-sea exchange of mercury: high concentrations over the North Atlantic. Environ Sci Technol 44(22): 8574-8580.
61. Sommar J, Hallquist M, Ljungström E, Lindqvist O (1997) On the gas phase reactions between volatile biogenic mercury species and the nitrate radical. J Atmos Chem 27(3): 233-247.
62. Sprovieri F, Pirrone N, Ebinghaus R, Kock H, Dommergue A (2010a) A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements. Atmos Chem Phys 10(17): 8245-8265.
63. Sprovieri F, Pirrone N, Ebinghaus R, Kock H, Dommergue A (2010b) A review of worldwide atmospheric mercury measurements. Atmos Chem Phys 10(17): 8245-8265.
64. Stopa J, Cheung KF, Tolman HL, Chawla A (2012) Patterns and cycles in the climate forecast system reanalysis wind and wave data. Ocean Model. doi: 10. 1016/j. ocemod. 2012. 10. 005.
65. Storelli M, Giacominelli-Stuffler R, Storelli A, Marcotrigiano G (2005) Accumulation of mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic in swordfish and bluefin tuna from the mediterranean sea: a comparative study. Mar Pollut Bull 50(9): 1004-1007.
66. Streets DG, Devane MK, Lu Z, Bond TC, Sunderland EM, Jacob DJ (2011) All-time releases of mercury to the atmosphere from human activities. Environ Sci Technol 45(24): 10485-10491.
67. Strode SA, Jaeglé L, Selin NE, Jacob DJ, Park RJ, Yantosca RM, Mason RP, Slemr F (2007) Air-sea exchange in the global mercury cycle. Global Biogeochem Cycles 21(1): 1017.
68. Subir M, Ariya PA, Dastoor AP (2011) A review of uncertainties in atmospheric modeling of mercury chemistry I. Uncertainties in existing kinetic parameters-fundamental limitations and the importance of heterogeneous chemistry. Atmos Environ 45(32): 5664-5676.
69. Sunderland EM, Mason RP (2007) Human impacts on open ocean mercury concentrations. Global Biogeochem Cycles 21(4): GB4022.
70. Tiedtke M (1989) A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models. Mon Weather Rev 117(8): 1779-1800.
71. Travnikov O, Jonson J, Andersen A, Gauss M, Gusev A, Rozovskaya O, Simpson D, Sokovyh V, Valiyaveetil S, Wind P (2009) Development of the EMEP global modelling framework: progress report. EMEP/MSC-E technical report 7/2009. Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - East, Moscow.
72. Travnikov O, Jonson J, Amann M, Angelbratt J, Gauss M, Griesfeller J, Gusev A, Heyes C, Ilyin I, Jonson J, et al (2011) Global scale modelling within EMEP: progress report. Joint MSC-W/MSC-E report. EMEP/MSC-E technical report 1. Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - East, Moscow.
73. UNEP (2013a) Global mercury assessment 2013: sources, emissions, releases, and environmental transport. Chemicals Branch, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi. Tech. rep.
74. UNEP (2013b) Mercury: time to act. Chemicals Branch, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi. Tech. rep.
75. Wanninkhof R (1992) Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J Geophys Res Atmos 97: 7373-7382.
76. Wanninkhof R, Asher WE, Ho DT, Sweeney C, McGillis WR (2009) Advances in quantifying air-sea gas exchange and environmental forcing. Annu Rev Marine Sci 1(1): 213-244.
77. Xie ZQ, Sander R, Pöschl U, Slemr F (2008) Simulation of atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDES) during polarspringtime using the MECCA box model. Atmos Chem Phys 8(23): 7165-7180. doi: 10. 5194/acp-8-7165-2008. http://www. atmos-chem-phys. net/8/7165/2008/.
78. Zaveri RA, Peters LK (1999) A new lumped structure photochemical mechanism for large-scale applications. J Geophys Res 104(D23): 30387-30415.
79. Zhang L, Wright LP, Blanchard P (2009) A review of current knowledge concerning dry deposition of atmospheric mercury. Atmos Environ 43(37): 5853-5864.
80. Zhang L, Blanchard P, Johnson D, Dastoor A, Ryzhkov A, Lin C, Vijayaraghavan K, Gay D, Holsen T, Huang J, Graydon J, Louis VS, Castro M, Miller E, Marsik F, Lu J, Poissant L, Pilote M, Zhang K (2012a) Assessment of modeled mercury dry deposition over the Great Lakes region. Environ Pollut 161: 272-283. doi: 10. 1016/j. envpol. 2011. 06. 003. Mercury in the Laurentian Great Lakes Region.
81. Zhang Y, Jaeglé L, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Holmes CD, Amos HM, Wang Q, Talbot R, Artz R, Brooks S, Luke W, Holsen TM, Felton D, Miller EK, Perry KD, Schmeltz D, Steffen A, Tordon R, Weiss-Penzias P, Zsolway R (2012b) Nested-grid simulation of mercury over North America. Atmos Chem Phys 12(14): 6095-6111.