메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 261, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 196-206

High-level gait and balance disorders in the elderly: A midbrain disease?

Author keywords

Gait initiation; Higher level gait disorders; Mesencephalic locomotor region; MRI

Indexed keywords

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BIOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA; BRAIN DISEASES; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; LOCOMOTION; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MESENCEPHALON; POSTURAL BALANCE; SENSATION DISORDERS; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC;

EID: 84895075972     PISSN: 03405354     EISSN: 14321459     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-7174-x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (46)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 79961135206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balance and gait problems in the elderly
    • 21827923 10.1016/B978-0-444-51892-7.00045-0
    • Viswanathan A, Sudarsky L (2012) Balance and gait problems in the elderly. Handb Clin Neurol 103:623-634
    • (2012) Handb Clin Neurol , vol.103 , pp. 623-634
    • Viswanathan, A.1    Sudarsky, L.2
  • 2
    • 0027468308 scopus 로고
    • Human walking and higher-level gait disorders, particularly in the elderly
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK3s7ntlaqtw%3D%3D 8437689 10.1212/WNL.43.2.268
    • Nutt JG, Marsden CD, Thompson MD (1993) Human walking and higher-level gait disorders, particularly in the elderly. Neurology 43:268-279
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 268-279
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Marsden, C.D.2    Thompson, M.D.3
  • 3
    • 33845383863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurological gait disorders in elderly people: Clinical approach and classification
    • 17166803 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70678-0
    • Snijders AH, van de Warrenburg BP, Giladi N, Bloem B (2007) Neurological gait disorders in elderly people: clinical approach and classification. Lancet Neurol 6:63-74
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 63-74
    • Snijders, A.H.1    Van De Warrenburg, B.P.2    Giladi, N.3    Bloem, B.4
  • 4
    • 17644368540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of elderly patients with a cautious gait of unknown origin
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M7ntlChsw%3D%3D 15726273 10.1007/s00415-005-0641-2
    • Giladi N, Herman T, Reider G II, Gurevich T, Hausdorff JM (2005) Clinical characteristics of elderly patients with a cautious gait of unknown origin. J Neurol 252:300-306
    • (2005) J Neurol , vol.252 , pp. 300-306
    • Giladi, N.1    Herman, T.2    Reider, I.I.G.3    Gurevich, T.4    Hausdorff, J.M.5
  • 5
    • 77955924460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive nature of a higher level gait disorder: A 3-year prospective study
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3cjgtVWqtg%3D%3D 20204394 10.1007/s00415-010-5507-6
    • Huber-Mahlin V, Giladi N, Herman T, Perez C, Gurevich T, Hausdorff JM (2010) Progressive nature of a higher level gait disorder: a 3-year prospective study. J Neurol 257:1279-1286
    • (2010) J Neurol , vol.257 , pp. 1279-1286
    • Huber-Mahlin, V.1    Giladi, N.2    Herman, T.3    Perez, C.4    Gurevich, T.5    Hausdorff, J.M.6
  • 6
    • 84880268095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain structural change and gait decline: A longitudinal population-based study
    • 23796055 10.1111/jgs.12331
    • Callisaya ML, Beare R, Phan TG et al (2013) Brain structural change and gait decline: a longitudinal population-based study. J Am Geriatr Soc 61:1074-1079
    • (2013) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.61 , pp. 1074-1079
    • Callisaya, M.L.1    Beare, R.2    Phan, T.G.3
  • 7
    • 66149112915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep frontal and periventricular age related white matter changes but not basal ganglia and infratentorial hyper intensities are associated with falls: Cross sectional results from the LADIS study
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MzltFOmtw%3D%3D 19204027 10.1136/jnnp.2008.154633
    • Blahak C, Baezner H, Pantoni L et al (2009) Deep frontal and periventricular age related white matter changes but not basal ganglia and infratentorial hyper intensities are associated with falls: cross sectional results from the LADIS study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80:608-613
    • (2009) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.80 , pp. 608-613
    • Blahak, C.1    Baezner, H.2    Pantoni, L.3
  • 9
    • 79957602351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milestones in gait, balance, and falling
    • 21626560 10.1002/mds.23588
    • Nutt JG, Horak FB, Bloem BR (2011) Milestones in gait, balance, and falling. Mov Disord 26:1166-1174
    • (2011) Mov Disord , vol.26 , pp. 1166-1174
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Horak, F.B.2    Bloem, B.R.3
  • 10
    • 77955290361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic mesencephalic neurons are involved in gait and postural disorders in Parkinson disease
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVaiur7O 2912198 20628197 10.1172/JCI42642
    • Karachi C, Grabli D, Bernard FA et al (2010) Cholinergic mesencephalic neurons are involved in gait and postural disorders in Parkinson disease. J Clin Invest 120:2745-2754
    • (2010) J Clin Invest , vol.120 , pp. 2745-2754
    • Karachi, C.1    Grabli, D.2    Bernard, F.A.3
  • 11
    • 61649085700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gait and balance disorders in Parkinson's disease: Impaired active braking of the fall of centre of gravity
    • 18973252 10.1002/mds.22269
    • Chastan N, Do MC, Bonneville F et al (2009) Gait and balance disorders in Parkinson's disease: impaired active braking of the fall of centre of gravity. Mov Disord 24:188-195
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 188-195
    • Chastan, N.1    Do, M.C.2    Bonneville, F.3
  • 12
    • 78650681586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gait-related cerebral alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait
    • 21126990 10.1093/brain/awq324
    • Snijders AH, Leunissen I, Bakker M et al (2011) Gait-related cerebral alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait. Brain 134:59-72
    • (2011) Brain , vol.134 , pp. 59-72
    • Snijders, A.H.1    Leunissen, I.2    Bakker, M.3
  • 13
    • 74249098250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pedunculopontine nucleus area stimulation on gait disorders in Parkinson's disease
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3c%2FgsVeksQ%3D%3D 19773356 10.1093/brain/awp229
    • Ferraye MU, Debu B, Fraix V et al (2010) Effects of pedunculopontine nucleus area stimulation on gait disorders in Parkinson's disease. Brain 133:205-214
    • (2010) Brain , vol.133 , pp. 205-214
    • Ferraye, M.U.1    Debu, B.2    Fraix, V.3
  • 14
    • 0030967692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain functional activity during gait in normal subjects: A SPECT study
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXks1Gntr8%3D 9218638 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00381-9
    • Fukuyama H, Ouchi Y, Matsuzaki S et al (1997) Brain functional activity during gait in normal subjects: a SPECT study. Neurosci Lett 228:183-186
    • (1997) Neurosci Lett , vol.228 , pp. 183-186
    • Fukuyama, H.1    Ouchi, Y.2    Matsuzaki, S.3
  • 15
    • 0035159357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical mapping of gait in humans: A near-infrared spectroscopic topography study
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mnks1aqtA%3D%3D 11697950 10.1006/nimg.2001.0905
    • Miyai I, Tanabe HC, Sase I et al (2001) Cortical mapping of gait in humans: a near-infrared spectroscopic topography study. Neuroimage 14:1186-1192
    • (2001) Neuroimage , vol.14 , pp. 1186-1192
    • Miyai, I.1    Tanabe, H.C.2    Sase, I.3
  • 16
    • 3242728780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain activation patterns during imagined stance and locomotion in functional magnetic resonance imaging
    • 15275928 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.05.017
    • Jahn K, Deutschlander A, Stephan T, Strupp M, Wiesmann M, Brandt T (2004) Brain activation patterns during imagined stance and locomotion in functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 22:1722-1731
    • (2004) Neuroimage , vol.22 , pp. 1722-1731
    • Jahn, K.1    Deutschlander, A.2    Stephan, T.3    Strupp, M.4    Wiesmann, M.5    Brandt, T.6
  • 17
    • 53049086511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the prefrontal cortex in human balance control
    • 18718542 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.029
    • Mihara M, Miyai I, Hatakenaka M, Kubota K, Sakoda S (2008) Role of the prefrontal cortex in human balance control. Neuroimage 43:329-336
    • (2008) Neuroimage , vol.43 , pp. 329-336
    • Mihara, M.1    Miyai, I.2    Hatakenaka, M.3    Kubota, K.4    Sakoda, S.5
  • 18
    • 77950596349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real versus imagined locomotion: A [18F]-FDG PET-fMRI comparison
    • 20034578 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.060
    • la Fougere C, Zwergal A, Rominger A et al (2010) Real versus imagined locomotion: a [18F]-FDG PET-fMRI comparison. Neuroimage 50:1589-1598
    • (2010) Neuroimage , vol.50 , pp. 1589-1598
    • La Fougere, C.1    Zwergal, A.2    Rominger, A.3
  • 19
    • 59149090442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An enhanced level of motor cortical excitability during the control of human standing
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXisFGiu78%3D 18774948 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01898.x
    • Tokuno CD, Taube W, Cresswell AG (2009) An enhanced level of motor cortical excitability during the control of human standing. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 195:385-395
    • (2009) Acta Physiol (Oxf) , vol.195 , pp. 385-395
    • Tokuno, C.D.1    Taube, W.2    Cresswell, A.G.3
  • 20
    • 84863496962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional parcellation of the lateral mesencephalus
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVyksrbJ 22764247 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0509-12.2012
    • Karachi C, Andre A, Bertasi E, Bardinet E, Lehericy S, Bernard FA (2012) Functional parcellation of the lateral mesencephalus. J Neurosci 32:9396-9401
    • (2012) J Neurosci , vol.32 , pp. 9396-9401
    • Karachi, C.1    Andre, A.2    Bertasi, E.3    Bardinet, E.4    Lehericy, S.5    Bernard, F.A.6
  • 21
    • 0038324553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia efferents to the brainstem centers controlling postural muscle tone and locomotion: A new concept for understanding motor disorders in basal ganglia dysfunction
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjvFWntLY%3D 12763089 10.1016/S0306-4522(03)00095-2
    • Takakusaki K, Habaguchi T, Ohtinata-Sugimoto J, Saitoh K, Sakamoto T (2003) Basal ganglia efferents to the brainstem centers controlling postural muscle tone and locomotion: a new concept for understanding motor disorders in basal ganglia dysfunction. Neuroscience 119:293-308
    • (2003) Neuroscience , vol.119 , pp. 293-308
    • Takakusaki, K.1    Habaguchi, T.2    Ohtinata-Sugimoto, J.3    Saitoh, K.4    Sakamoto, T.5
  • 22
    • 0000224448 scopus 로고
    • Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale
    • Members of UPDRS Development Committee Macmillan FP (ed) London
    • Fahn S, Elton RL, Members of UPDRS Development Commitee. Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. In: Macmillan FP (ed) Recent Developments in Parkinson's disease. London, 1987:153-163
    • (1987) Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease , pp. 153-163
    • Fahn, S.1    Elton, R.L.2
  • 23
    • 0343812084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new clinical tool for gait evaluation in Parkinson's disease
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK2szktFKnug%3D%3D 9197940 10.1097/00002826-199706000-00001
    • Martinez-Martin P, Garcia Urra D, del Ser Quijano T et al (1997) A new clinical tool for gait evaluation in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 20:183-194
    • (1997) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 183-194
    • Martinez-Martin, P.1    Garcia Urra, D.2    Del Ser Quijano, T.3
  • 24
    • 79961132292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease severity and progression in progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy: Validation of the NNIPPS-Parkinson plus scale
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFajtL%2FJ 3150329 21829612 10.1371/journal.pone. 0022293
    • Payan CA, Viallet F, Landwehrmeyer BG et al (2011) Disease severity and progression in progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy: validation of the NNIPPS-Parkinson plus scale. PLoS One 6:e22293
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , pp. 22293
    • Payan, C.A.1    Viallet, F.2    Landwehrmeyer, B.G.3
  • 25
    • 0033842004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological changes between "off" and "on" STN or GPi stimulation in Parkinson's disease
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvgs1GjtQ%3D%3D 10932277 10.1212/WNL.55.3.411
    • Pillon B, Ardouin C, Damier P et al (2000) Neuropsychological changes between "off" and "on" STN or GPi stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 55:411-418
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 411-418
    • Pillon, B.1    Ardouin, C.2    Damier, P.3
  • 26
    • 0025818450 scopus 로고
    • A motor programme for the initiation of forward-oriented movements in humans
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK3Mzms1Kluw%3D%3D 1890653
    • Crenna P, Frigo C (1991) A motor programme for the initiation of forward-oriented movements in humans. J Physiol 437:635-653
    • (1991) J Physiol , vol.437 , pp. 635-653
    • Crenna, P.1    Frigo, C.2
  • 27
    • 0001501435 scopus 로고
    • Human balance and posture control during standing and walking
    • 10.1016/0966-6362(96)82849-9
    • Winter DA (1995) Human balance and posture control during standing and walking. Gait Posture 3:193-214
    • (1995) Gait Posture , vol.3 , pp. 193-214
    • Winter, D.A.1
  • 28
    • 0036284867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silent cerebral microbleeds on T2*-weighted MRI: Correlation with stroke subtype, stroke recurrence, and leukoaraiosis
    • 12052987 10.1161/01.STR.0000018012.65108.86
    • Kato H, Izumiyama M, Izumiyama K, Takahashi A, Itoyama Y (2002) Silent cerebral microbleeds on T2*-weighted MRI: correlation with stroke subtype, stroke recurrence, and leukoaraiosis. Stroke 33:1536-1540
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 1536-1540
    • Kato, H.1    Izumiyama, M.2    Izumiyama, K.3    Takahashi, A.4    Itoyama, Y.5
  • 29
    • 37349116967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR imaging index for differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy
    • 17991785 10.1148/radiol.2453061703
    • Quattrone A, Nicoletti G, Messina D et al (2008) MR imaging index for differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy. Radiology 246:214-221
    • (2008) Radiology , vol.246 , pp. 214-221
    • Quattrone, A.1    Nicoletti, G.2    Messina, D.3
  • 30
    • 80155148509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI measurements predict PSP in unclassifiable Parkinsonism's: A cohort study
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MfjtVKruw%3D%3D 21832222 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822e55d0
    • Morelli M, Arabia G, Novellino F et al (2011) MRI measurements predict PSP in unclassifiable Parkinsonism's: a cohort study. Neurology 77:1042-1047
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , pp. 1042-1047
    • Morelli, M.1    Arabia, G.2    Novellino, F.3
  • 31
    • 0033922981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated Talairach atlas labels for functional brain mapping
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FktVOrtw%3D%3D 10912591 10.1002/1097-0193(200007)10: 3<120: AID-HBM30>3.0.CO;2-8
    • Lancaster JL, Woldorff MG, Parsons LM et al (2000) Automated Talairach atlas labels for functional brain mapping. Hum Brain Mapp 10:120-131
    • (2000) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.10 , pp. 120-131
    • Lancaster, J.L.1    Woldorff, M.G.2    Parsons, L.M.3
  • 32
    • 69249093024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of neuroimaging data: A random-effects approach based on empirical estimates of spatial uncertainty
    • 2872071 19172646 10.1002/hbm.20718
    • Eickhoff SB, Laird AR, Grefkes C, Wang LE, Zilles K, Fox PT (2009) Coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of neuroimaging data: a random-effects approach based on empirical estimates of spatial uncertainty. Hum Brain Mapp 30:2907-2926
    • (2009) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.30 , pp. 2907-2926
    • Eickhoff, S.B.1    Laird, A.R.2    Grefkes, C.3    Wang, L.E.4    Zilles, K.5    Fox, P.T.6
  • 33
    • 62649115550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional histological atlas of the human basal ganglia. II. Atlas deformation strategy and evaluation in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease
    • 18976051 10.3171/2008.3.17469
    • Bardinet E, Bhattacharjee M, Dormont D et al (2009) A three-dimensional histological atlas of the human basal ganglia. II. Atlas deformation strategy and evaluation in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease. J Neurosurg 110:208-219
    • (2009) J Neurosurg , vol.110 , pp. 208-219
    • Bardinet, E.1    Bhattacharjee, M.2    Dormont, D.3
  • 34
    • 33646062573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive processes related to gait velocity: Results from the Einstein aging study
    • 16594782 10.1037/0894-4105.20.2.215
    • Holtzer R, Verghese J, Xue X, Lipton RB (2006) Cognitive processes related to gait velocity: results from the Einstein aging study. Neuropsychology 20:215-223
    • (2006) Neuropsychology , vol.20 , pp. 215-223
    • Holtzer, R.1    Verghese, J.2    Xue, X.3    Lipton, R.B.4
  • 35
    • 39149134325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal dopaminergic denervation and gait in healthy adults
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1c3htlOjtQ%3D%3D 17973106 10.1007/s00221-007-1161-3
    • Cham R, Studenski SA, Perera S, Bohnen NI (2008) Striatal dopaminergic denervation and gait in healthy adults. Exp Brain Res 185:391-398
    • (2008) Exp Brain Res , vol.185 , pp. 391-398
    • Cham, R.1    Studenski, S.A.2    Perera, S.3    Bohnen, N.I.4
  • 36
    • 0031056409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which clinical features differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome) from related disorders? A clinicopathological study
    • 9055798 10.1093/brain/120.1.65
    • Litvan I, Campbell G, Mangone CA et al (1997) Which clinical features differentiate progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome) from related disorders? A clinicopathological study. Brain 120:65-74
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 65-74
    • Litvan, I.1    Campbell, G.2    Mangone, C.A.3
  • 37
    • 0030943234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Step initiation in Parkinson's disease: Influence of levodopa and external sensory triggers
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK2s3kt12quw%3D%3D 9087979 10.1002/mds.870120211
    • Burleigh-Jacobs A, Horak FB, Nutt JG, Obeso JA (1997) Step initiation in Parkinson's disease: influence of levodopa and external sensory triggers. Mov Disord 12:206-215
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , pp. 206-215
    • Burleigh-Jacobs, A.1    Horak, F.B.2    Nutt, J.G.3    Obeso, J.A.4
  • 38
    • 68849110221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory postural adjustments prior to step initiation are hypometric in untreated Parkinson's disease: An accelerometer-based approach
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MrotFWluw%3D%3D 2840629 19473350 10.1111/j.1468-1331. 2009.02641.x
    • Mancini M, Zampieri C, Carlson-Kuhta P, Chiari L, Horak FB (2009) Anticipatory postural adjustments prior to step initiation are hypometric in untreated Parkinson's disease: an accelerometer-based approach. Eur J Neurol 16:1028-1034
    • (2009) Eur J Neurol , vol.16 , pp. 1028-1034
    • Mancini, M.1    Zampieri, C.2    Carlson-Kuhta, P.3    Chiari, L.4    Horak, F.B.5
  • 39
    • 34547843691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of vertical components of gait during initiation of walking in normal adults and patients with progressive supranuclear palsy
    • 17126017 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.10.005
    • Welter ML, Do MC, Chastan N et al (2007) Control of vertical components of gait during initiation of walking in normal adults and patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. Gait Posture 26:393-399
    • (2007) Gait Posture , vol.26 , pp. 393-399
    • Welter, M.L.1    Do, M.C.2    Chastan, N.3
  • 40
    • 80051526101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new MRI rating scale for progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy: Validity and reliability
    • 3152869 21386111 10.1136/jnnp.2010.214890
    • Rolland Y, Vérin M, Payan CA et al (2011) A new MRI rating scale for progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy: validity and reliability. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 82:1025-1032
    • (2011) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.82 , pp. 1025-1032
    • Rolland, Y.1    Vérin, M.2    Payan, C.A.3
  • 41
    • 80051548273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postural imbalance and falls in PSP correlate with functional pathology of the thalamus
    • 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MnntFKqtA%3D%3D 21613601 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318223c79d
    • Zwergal A, la Fougere C, Lorenzl S et al (2011) Postural imbalance and falls in PSP correlate with functional pathology of the thalamus. Neurology 77:101-109
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , pp. 101-109
    • Zwergal, A.1    La Fougere, C.2    Lorenzl, S.3
  • 42
    • 0026526837 scopus 로고
    • Movement, posture and equilibrium: Interaction and coordination
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK387ktFChsw%3D%3D 1736324 10.1016/0301-0082(92)90034-C
    • Massion J (1992) Movement, posture and equilibrium: interaction and coordination. Prog Neurobiol 38:35-56
    • (1992) Prog Neurobiol , vol.38 , pp. 35-56
    • Massion, J.1
  • 43
    • 34447526770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation of anticipatory postural adjustments prior to stepping
    • 17460098 10.1152/jn.01136.2006
    • MacKinnon CD, Bissig D, Chiusano J et al (2007) Preparation of anticipatory postural adjustments prior to stepping. J Neurophysiol 97:4368-4379
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.97 , pp. 4368-4379
    • Mackinnon, C.D.1    Bissig, D.2    Chiusano, J.3
  • 44
    • 0033847609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pedunculopontine nucleus and Parkinson's disease
    • 10960043 10.1093/brain/123.9.1767
    • Pahapill PA, Lozano AM (2000) The pedunculopontine nucleus and Parkinson's disease. Brain 123:1767-1783
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 1767-1783
    • Pahapill, P.A.1    Lozano, A.M.2
  • 45
    • 0028357671 scopus 로고
    • Astasia and gait failure with damage of the pontomesencephalic locomotor region
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3jsVKqtw%3D%3D 8179307 10.1002/ana.410350517
    • Masdeu JC, Alampur U, Cavaliere R, Tavoulareas G (1994) Astasia and gait failure with damage of the pontomesencephalic locomotor region. Ann Neurol 35:619-621
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 619-621
    • Masdeu, J.C.1    Alampur, U.2    Cavaliere, R.3    Tavoulareas, G.4
  • 46
    • 47549108293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral pedunculopontine nuclei strokes presenting as freezing of gait
    • 18181207 10.1002/mds.21917
    • Kuo SH, Kenney C, Jankovic J (2008) Bilateral pedunculopontine nuclei strokes presenting as freezing of gait. Mov Disord 23:616-619
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 616-619
    • Kuo, S.H.1    Kenney, C.2    Jankovic, J.3
  • 47
    • 0033595214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology in older people with disequilibrium of unknown cause
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzlslCqug%3D%3D 10430429 10.1212/WNL.53.2.375
    • Whitman GT, DiPatre PL, Lopez IA et al (1999) Neuropathology in older people with disequilibrium of unknown cause. Neurology 53:375-382
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 375-382
    • Whitman, G.T.1    Dipatre, P.L.2    Lopez, I.A.3
  • 48
    • 80055011834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrovascular disease pathology and parkinsonian signs in old age
    • 3202031 21885844 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.623462
    • Buchman AS, Leurgans SE, Nag S, Bennett DA, Schneider JA (2011) Cerebrovascular disease pathology and parkinsonian signs in old age. Stroke 42:3183-3189
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , pp. 3183-3189
    • Buchman, A.S.1    Leurgans, S.E.2    Nag, S.3    Bennett, D.A.4    Schneider, J.A.5
  • 49
    • 84866684977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral white matter lesions and lacunar infarcts contribute to the presence of mild parkinsonian signs
    • 22858727 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.657130
    • de Laat KF, van Norden AG, Gons RA et al (2012) Cerebral white matter lesions and lacunar infarcts contribute to the presence of mild parkinsonian signs. Stroke 43:2574-2579
    • (2012) Stroke , vol.43 , pp. 2574-2579
    • De Laat, K.F.1    Van Norden, A.G.2    Gons, R.A.3
  • 50
    • 60549112211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral white matter lesions, gait, and the risk of incident falls: A prospective population-based study
    • 18927448 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.524355
    • Srikanth V, Beare R, Blizzard L et al (2009) Cerebral white matter lesions, gait, and the risk of incident falls: a prospective population-based study. Stroke 40:175-180
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , pp. 175-180
    • Srikanth, V.1    Beare, R.2    Blizzard, L.3
  • 51
    • 0028866780 scopus 로고
    • The role of anticipatory postural adjustments and gravity in gait initiation
    • 1:STN:280:DyaK28zlt1ylsw%3D%3D 8751069 10.1007/BF00228023
    • Lepers R, Breniere Y (1995) The role of anticipatory postural adjustments and gravity in gait initiation. Exp Brain Res 107:118-124
    • (1995) Exp Brain Res , vol.107 , pp. 118-124
    • Lepers, R.1    Breniere, Y.2
  • 52
    • 34648826615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical and spinal control of ankle joint muscles before and during gait initiation
    • 17853055 10.1080/10425170701550615
    • Hiraoka K, Abe K (2007) Cortical and spinal control of ankle joint muscles before and during gait initiation. Somatosens Mot Res 24:127-133
    • (2007) Somatosens Mot Res , vol.24 , pp. 127-133
    • Hiraoka, K.1    Abe, K.2
  • 53
    • 0018709829 scopus 로고
    • Efferent connections of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the rat
    • 1:STN:280:DyaL3c%2Fit1WitQ%3D%3D 314832 10.1016/0006-8993(79)91001-1
    • Beckstead RM, Domesick VB, Nauta WJ (1979) Efferent connections of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the rat. Brain Res 175:191-217
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.175 , pp. 191-217
    • Beckstead, R.M.1    Domesick, V.B.2    Nauta, W.J.3
  • 54
    • 84867528523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indicators of amyloid burden in a population-based study of cognitively normal elderly
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhsVKrtrbE 22972644 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826e2696
    • Mielke MM, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD et al (2012) Indicators of amyloid burden in a population-based study of cognitively normal elderly. Neurology 79:1570-1577
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.79 , pp. 1570-1577
    • Mielke, M.M.1    Wiste, H.J.2    Weigand, S.D.3
  • 55
    • 84875483820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β-Amyloid and postural instability and gait difficulty in Parkinson's disease at risk for dementia
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXmsFaisrg%3D 23239424 10.1002/mds.25213
    • Muller ML, Frey KA, Petrou M et al (2013) β-Amyloid and postural instability and gait difficulty in Parkinson's disease at risk for dementia. Mov Disord 28:296-301
    • (2013) Mov Disord , vol.28 , pp. 296-301
    • Muller, M.L.1    Frey, K.A.2    Petrou, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.