The influence of social comparison on cognitive bias modification and emotional vulnerability

Emotion

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 170-179

  Standage, Helen ^a   Harris, Jemma ^a,b   Fox, Elaine ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EAST LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cognitive bias modification; Emotional vulnerability; Interpretation bias; Social comparison

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COGNITION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; EMOTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; PREJUDICE; PROCEDURES; SELF REPORT; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COGNITION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; EMOTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREJUDICE; SELF REPORT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84895075389     PISSN: 15283542     EISSN: 19311516     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0034226     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
2. Beard, C., & Amir, N. (2008). A multisession interpretation modification program: Changes in interpretation and social anxiety symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1135-1141. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008 .05.012
3. Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1997). An information processing model of anxiety: Automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 49-58. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00069-1
4. Blackwell, S. E., & Holmes, E. A. (2010). Modifying interpretation and imagination in clinical depression: A single case series using cognitive bias modification. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24, 338-350. doi: 10.1002/acp.1680
5. Brosan, L., Hoppitt, L., Shelfer, L., Sillence, A., & Mackintosh, B. (2011). Cognitive bias modification for attention and interpretation reduces trait and state anxiety in anxious patients referred to an out-patient service: Results from a pilot study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42, 258-264. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.006
6. Browning, M., Grol, M., Ly, V., Goodwin, G. M., Holmes, E. A., & Harmer, C. (2011). Using an experimental medicine model to explore combination effects of pharmacological and cognitive interventions for depression and anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology, 36, 2689-2697. doi:10.1038/npp.2011.159
7. Carlbring, P., Apelstrand, M., Sehlin, H., Amir, N., Rousseau, A., Hofmann, S. G., & Andersson, G. (2012). Internet-delivered attention bias modification training in individuals with social anxiety disorder. A double blind randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 12, 66. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-66
8. Cohen, J., Cohen, P., & West, R. R. (2003). Applied multiple regression/ correlation analysis for the behaviour sciences. London, UK: Erlbaum.
9. Dalgleish, T., Hauer, B., & Kuyken, W. (2008). The mental regulation of autobiographical recollection in the aftermath of trauma. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 259-263. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721 .2008.00586.x
10. Dunn, B. D., Billoti, D., Murphy, V., & Dalgleish, T. (2009). The consequences of effortful emotion regulation when processing distressing material: A comparison of suppression and acceptance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 761-773. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.05.007
11. Gibbons, F. X., & Bunnk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 129 -142. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.76.1.129
12. Grey, S., & Mathews, A. (2000). Effects of training on interpretation of emotional ambiguity. The Quarterly Journal Experimental Psychology, 53, 1143-1162.
13. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
14. Hakamata, Y., Lissek, S., Bar-Haim, Y., Britton, J. C., Fox, N. A., Leibenluft, E., . . . Pine, D. S. (2010). Attention bias modification treatment: A meta-analysis toward the establishment of novel treatment for anxiety. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 982-990. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych .2010.07.021
15. Hallion, L. S., & Ruscio, A. M. (2011). A meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive bias modification on anxiety and depression. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 940-958. doi:10.1037/a0024355
16. Hayes, S., Hirsch, C. R., Krebs, G., & Mathews, A. (2010). The effects of modifying interpretation bias on worry in generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 171-178. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009 .10.006
17. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2003). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behaviour change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
18. Hertel, P. T., & Mathews, A. (2011). Cognitive bias modification: Past perspectives, current findings, and future applications. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 521-536. doi:10.1177/1745691611421205
19. Hirsch, C. R., Mathews, A., & Clark, D. M. (2007). Inducing an interpretation bias changes self-imagery: A preliminary investigation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2173-2181. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.001
20. Holmes, E. A., Coughtrey, A. E., & Connor, A. (2008). Looking at or through rose-tinted glasses? Imagery perspective and positive mood. Emotion, 8, 875-879. doi:10.1037/a0013617
21. Holmes, E. A., Lang, T. J., & Shah, D. M. (2009). Developing interpretation bias modification as a "cognitive vaccine" for depressed mood. Imagining positive events makes you feel better than thinking about them verbally. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 76-88. doi: 10.1037/a0012590
22. Holmes, E. A., Mathews, A., Dalgleish, T., & Mackintosh, B. (2006). Positive interpretation training: Effects of mental imagery versus verbal training on positive mood. Behavior Therapy, 37, 237-247. doi:10.1016/ j.beth.2006.02.002
23. Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 281-298. doi:10.1080/02699930903407948
24. Koster, E. H. W., Fox, E., & MacLeod, C. (2009). Introduction to the special section on cognitive bias modification in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 1-4. doi:10.1037/a0014379
25. Mackintosh, B., Mathews, A., Yiend, J., Ridgeway, V., & Cook, E. (2006). Induced biases in emotional interpretation influence stress vulnerability and endure despite changes in context. Behavior Therapy, 37, 209-222. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.03.001
26. MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (2012). Cognitive bias modification approaches to anxiety. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 189-217. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143052
27. MacLeod, C., Rutherford, E., Campbell, L., Ebsworthy, G., & Holker, L. (2002). Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: Assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 107-123. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.111.1.107
28. Markman, K. D., & McMullen, M. N. (2003). A reflection and evaluation model of comparative thinking. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7, 244-267. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0703_04
29. Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (1998). A cognitive model of selective processing in anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 539-560. doi:10.1023/A:1018738019346
30. Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (2000). Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 602-615. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.602
31. Mathews, A., Ridgeway, V., Cook, E., & Yiend, J. (2007). Inducing a benign interpretation bias reduces trait anxiety. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 225-236. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep .2006.10.011
32. Murphy, R., Hirsch, C. R., Mathews, A., Smith, K., & Clark, D. M. (2007). Facilitating a benign interpretation bias in a high socially anxious population. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1517-1529. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.01.007
33. Mussweiler, T. (2001). "Seek and ye shall find": antecedents of assimilation and contrast in social comparison. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 499-509. doi:10.1002/ejsp.75
34. Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2006). Computational tools for probing interaction effects in multiple linear regression, multilevel modeling, and latent curve analysis. Journal of Educational and Behavioural Statistics, 31, 437-448. doi:10.3102/10769986031004437
35. Rottenberg, J., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Emotion and emotion regulation: A map for psychotherapy researchers. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14, 323-328. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2007.00093.x
36. Salemink, E., van den Hout, M., & Kindt, M. (2009). Effects of positive interpretive bias modification in highly anxious individuals. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 676-683. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.02.006
37. Segal, Z. V., Williams, M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2001). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
38. Standage, H., Ashwin, C., & Fox, E. (2009). Comparing visual and auditory presentation for the modification of interpretation bias. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 558-570. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.07.006
39. Standage, H., Ashwin, C., & Fox, E. (2010). Is manipulation of mood a critical component of cognitive bias modification procedures? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 4-10. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.08.005
40. Suls, J., & Wheeler, L. (2007). Psychological magnetism: A brief history of assimilation and contrast in psychology. In D. A. Stapel & J. Suls (Eds.), Assimilation and contrast in social psychology (pp. 9-44). East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.
41. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
42. Van der Zee, K., Bunnk, B. P., & Sanderman, R. (1998). Neuroticism and reactions to social comparison information among cancer patients. Journal of Personality, 66, 175-194. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00008
43. Wenzlaff, R. M., & Wegner, D. M. (2000). Thought suppression. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 59-91. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.59
44. Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1988). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
45. Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
46. Wilson, E., MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Rutherford, E. (2006). The causal role of interpretative bias in anxiety reactivity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 103-111. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.115.1.103