The emerging metropolis: A history of Dar es Salaam, circa 1862-2000

Dar es Salaam: Histories from an Emerging African Metropolis

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 13-75

  Brennan, James R ^a   Burton, Andrew ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b British Institute in Eastern Africa   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84894762714     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (121)

1. John Gray, 'Dar es Salaam under the Sultans of Zanzibar', Tanganyika Notes & Records (hereafter TNR) 33 (1952), pp. 1-3;
2. E. C. Baker, 'Note on the Washomvi of Dar es Salaam', TNR 23 (1947), pp. 47-48.
3. Geoffrey Ross Owens, 'The Shomvi: a precursor to global ethnoscapes and indigenization in precolonial East Africa', Ethnohistory 53:4 (2006), pp. 715-751.
4. Stephen J. Rockel, 'Forgotten caravan towns in 19th century Tanzania: Mbwamaji and Mpwapwa', Azania XLI (2006), pp. 1-25.
5. E.C. Baker, 'Memorandum on the social conditions of Dar es Salaam', 4 June 1931, pp. 2-4.
6. Jonathon Glassman, Feasts and Riot: Revelry, Rebellion, and Popular Consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856-1888 (Portsmouth, 1995), pp. 79-114.
7. J.E.G. Sutton, 'Dar es Salaam: a sketch of a hundred years', TNR 71 (1970), p. 4.
8. Carl Velten, Prosa und Poesie der Suaheli (Berlin, 1907), p. 291.
9. Gray, 'Dar es Salaam', pp. 10-17.
10. Clement Gillman, 'Dar es Salaam, 1860 to 1940: a story of growth and change', TNR 20 (1945), p. 3.
11. Deborah Bryceson, 'A century of food supply in Dar es Salaam', in Jane Guyer, ed., Feeding African cities: Studies in regional social history (Manchester, 1987), p. 158.
12. Glassman, Feasts and Riot, p. 183.
13. Juhani Koponen, Development for Exploitation: German colonial policies in mainland Tanzania, 1884-1914 (Helsinki, 1994), pp. 116, 187.
14. Franck Raimbault, 'L'évolution de l'espace péri-urbain à Dar-es-Salaam durant la colonisation allemande (1890-1914)', in Bernard Calas (ed.), De Dar es Salaam à Bongoland (Nairobi/Paris, 2006), p. 38.
15. Deutsche Kolonialzeitung 25 (1889), p. 211.
16. Thaddeus Sunseri, Vilimani: Labor migration and rural change in early colonial Tanzania (Portsmouth, 2002), p. 36.
17. Jan-Georg Deutsch, Emancipation without Abolition in German East Africa, c. 1884-1914 (Oxford, 2006).
18. Zarina Patel, Challenge to Colonialism: The Struggles of Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee for Equal rights in Kenya (Nairobi, 1997).
19. W. T. Casson, 'Architectural notes on Dar es Salaam', TNR 71 (1970), p. 183.
20. Janet Berry Hess, Art and Architecture in Postcolonial Africa (Jefferson NC, 2006), chapter 5.
21. David Henry Anthony, 'Culture and society in a town in transition: a people's history of Dar es Salaam, 1865-1939', Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, 1983, p. 81.
22. Hermann Paasche, Deutsch-Ostafrika (Berlin, 1906), p. 75.
23. Gillman, 'Growth and change', p. 14.
24. Medizinal-Berichte über die Deutschen Schutzgebiete für das Jahr 1904/ 05 (Berlin, 1905), p. 26.
25. Jürgen Becher, Dar es Salaam, Tanga und Tabora: Stadtentwicklung in Tansania unter deutscher Kolonialherrschaft (1885-1914) (Stuttgart, 1997), p. 42.
26. Karl Vorlaufer, Koloniale und nachkoloniale Stadtplanung in Dar es Salaam (Frankfurt am Main, 1970), p. 15.
27. Raimbault, 'L'évolution de l'espace péri-urbain', p. 101.
28. Raimbault, 'L'évolution de l'espace péri-urbain', p. 101.
29. John Iliffe, A Modern History of Tanganyika (Cambridge, 1979), p. 161;
30. J.A.K. Leslie, A Survey of Dar es Salaam (London, 1963), pp. 44-47.
31. S. von Sicard, The Lutheran Church on the Coast of Tanzania, 1887-1914 (Uppsala, 1970), p. 88.
32. Gillman, 'Growth and change', p. 9.
33. Raimbault, 'L'évolution de l'espace péri-urbain', p. 43ff.;
34. Raimbault, 'L'évolution de l'espace péri-urbain', p. 90.
35. Ross Anderson, The Forgotten Front: The East African Campaign, 1914-1918 (Stroud, 2004), pp. 31, 108.
36. Gillman, 'Growth and change', pp. 15-16.
37. C.P. Fendall, The East African Force 1915-1919 (Nashville, 1921), pp. 156-57.
38. Bryceson, 'Century of food Supply', pp. 162-63.
39. R.R. Scott, 'Public health services in Dar es Salaam in the 'Twenties', East African Medical Journal 40 (1963), p. 351.
40. Andrew Burton, African Underclass: Urbanisation, crime and colonial order in Dar es Salaam (Oxford/Dar es Salaam, 2005), pp. 65-7, 158.
41. J.M.L. Kironde, 'The Evolution of the land use structure of Dar es Salaam 1890-1990: a study in the effects of land policy', Ph.D. dissertation, University of Nairobi (1994), pp. 169-73;
42. James R. Brennan, 'Nation, race and urbanization in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 1916-1976', Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University (2002), p. 27.
43. Burton, African Underclass, pp. 179-81.
44. Baker, 'Memorandum', p. 31.
45. Burton, African Underclass, p. 62.
46. Burton, African Underclass, p. 155.
47. Brennan, 'Nation, race and urbanization', p. 62.
48. Nicholas Westcott, 'Erica Fiah: an East African radical', Journal of African History (hereafter JAH) 22:2 (1981), pp. 85-101
49. Brennan, 'Nation, race and urbanization', pp. 139-50.
50. Brennan, 'Nation, race and urbanization', pp. 103-6.
51. Adrienne Polomack, 'Mixité et territorialité dans une ville en pleine expansion: les banlieues dans la formation de Dar es Salaam', in Bernard Calas, De Dar es Salaam à Bongoland, pp. 131-197.
52. Baker, 'Memorandum', pp. 7, 69;
53. Iliffe, Modern History, pp. 266, 407;
54. Burton, African Underclass, pp. 59-61.
55. Burton, African Underclass, pp. 57, 59, 72-3.
56. Leslie, Survey, pp. 117, 168;
57. Brennan, 'Nation, race and urbanization', pp. 107-8.
58. Brennan, 'Nation, race and urbanization', pp. 119-139.
59. Burton, 'Adjutants, agents, intermediaries: the Native Administration in Dar es Salaam township, 1919-61', in Andrew Burton (ed.), The Urban Experience in Eastern Africa (Nairobi, 2002), pp. 98-118.
60. A.H. Pike, 'Memorandum on the Development of African areas of Dar es Salaam Township', 12 July 1944, TNA 61/643/3.
61. E.C. Baker, 'Proposals for the re-organization of Dar es Salaam Township and District', 3 July 1940, TNA 20795;
62. John Iliffe, 'A history of the dockworkers of Dar es Salaam', TNR 71 (1970), pp. 131-4;
63. Issa G. Shivji, Law, State and the Working Class in Tanzania, London (1986), pp. 171-4;
64. Andrew Burton, 'Townsmen in the making: social engineering and citizenship in Dar es Salaam, 1945-60', International Journal of African Historical Studies 36:2 (2003), pp. 331-65.
65. Cyril Ehrlich, 'The poor country: the Tanganyika economy from 1945 to independence', in D.A. Low & Alison Smith, History of East Africa Vol. III, (Oxford, 1976), pp. 290-330;
66. Martha Honey, 'Asian industrial activities in Tanganyika', TNR 75 (1974), pp. 55-69.
67. M.J.B. Molohan, Detribalization (Dar es Salaam, 1959), pp. 49-50.
68. Kironde, 'Land use structure', pp. 270-300;
69. Burton, African Underclass, pp. 50-2, 205.
70. J.F.R. Hill & J.P. Moffett, Tanganyika: A review of its resources and their development (Dar es Salaam, 1955), p. 805.
71. Hill & Moffett, Tanganyika, pp. 633-5.
72. Andrew Burton, 'Raw youth, school-leavers and the emergence of structural unemployment in late-colonial urban Tanganyika', JAH 47:3 (2006), pp. 363-87.
73. Brennan, 'Nation, race and urbanization', p. 117.
74. Mohamed Said, The Life and Times of Abdulwahid Sykes (1924-1968): The Untold Story of the Muslims Struggle against British Colonialism in Tanganyika (London, 1998), pp. 110-147.
75. Susan Geiger, TANU Women: Gender and Culture in the Making of Tanganyikan Nationalism, 1955-1965 (Portsmouth NH, 1997), chapters 3 & 5.
76. Andrew Coulsen, Tanzania: A political economy (Oxford, 1982), p. 199.
77. Tanganyika Territory, African Census Report (Dar es Salaam, 1957);
78. Andrew Burton, 'Urbanization in eastern Africa: an historical overview, c.1750-2000', pp. 23-4,
79. Tripp, Changing the Rules: The Politics of Liberalization and the Urban Informal Economy in Tanzania (Berkeley, 1997), pp. 37-9;
80. Eileen Moyer, 'In the shadow of the Sheraton: imagining localities in global spaces in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania', Ph.D. thesis, University of Amsterdam (2003), pp. 216-222.
81. John Briggs and Davies Mwamfupe, 'Peri-urban development in an era of structural adjustment in Africa: the city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania', Urban Studies, 37:4 (2000), p. 802.
82. H. Schmetzer, 'Housing in Dar es Salaam', Habitat International, 4 (1982), p. 500.
83. Joe Lugalla, Crisis, Urbanization, and Urban Poverty in Tanzania (Latham MD, 1995), p. 76;
84. John Campbell, 'Culture, social organization and Asian identity: difference in urban East Africa', in J. Campbell and A.R. Rew (eds), Identity and Effect (London, 1999).
85. Richa Nagar, 'The South Asian diaspora in Tanzania: a history retold', Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 16 (1996), p. 70.
86. Sayyeda Salaam, 'The politics of nationalization and denationalization of Asian properties and businesses in Dar es Salaam, 1971-2005', MA History dissertation, SOAS (2005);
87. A. Mascarenhas, 'The impact of nationhood on Dar es Salaam', East African Geographical Review 5 (1967), p. 42.
88. Adolfo Mascarenhas, 'The growth and function of Dar es Salaam', p. 130, in L. Berry (ed.), Tanzania in Maps (London, 1971).
89. Rwekaza Mukandala, 'Trends in civil service size and income in Tanzania, 1967-82', Canadian Journal of African Studies 2 (1983), p. 254.
90. Wilt de Boer, 'Urban renewal and rehabilitation in Kariakoo, Dar es Salaam', Ardhi Insitute (1984), p. 39.
91. J.C. Cairns, Bush and Boma (London, 1959), p. 140.
92. Saitel Kulaba, 'Local government and the management of urban services in Tanzania', in R.E. Stren & R.R. White (eds.), African Cities in Crisis (Boulder, 1989), pp. 203-45;
93. R.E. Stren, Urban Inequality and Housing Policy in Tanzania: The problem of squatting, Berkeley, Institute of International Studies, Research Series No.24 (1975).
94. Andrew Burton, 'The Haven of Peace purged: tackling the undesirable and unproductive poor in Dar es Salaam, ca. 1950s-1980s', IJAHS, 40:1, pp. 119-51;
95. James R. Brennan, 'Blood Enemies: exploitation and urban citizenship in the nationalist political thought of Tanzania, 1958-75', JAH 47:3 (2006), pp. 389-413.
96. T.L. Maliyamkono & M.S.D. Bagachwa, The Second Economy in Tanzania (London, 1990), p. 139;
97. Lene Buchert, Education in the Development of Tanzania 1919-1990 (London, 1994), p. 149;
98. Vinay Ramnath Kamat, 'Negotiating illness and misfortune in post-socialism Tanzania: an ethnographic study in Temeke District, Dar es Salaam', Ph.D. Thesis, Emory University (2004), p. 52.
99. Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka (ed.), The Social Service Crisis of the 1990's: Strategies for sustainable systems in Tanzania (Aldershot, 1998).
100. Brigit Obrist, Struggling for Health in the City: An anthropological inquiry of health, vulnerability and resilience in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Bern, 2006), pp. 256-260.
101. John Iliffe, The African AIDS Epidemic: A History (Oxford, 2006), p. 26;
102. Luce Cloutier, Income Differentials & Gender Inequality: Wives earning more than husbands in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (Dar es Salaam, 2006), p. 37.
103. Anne Sydney Lewinson, 'Going with the times: transforming visions of urbanism and modernity among professionals in Dar es Salaam', Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison (1999);
104. Richard Sherrington, 'Developing disparities: consumption and social differentiation in post-adjustment Dar es Salaam', Ph.D. thesis, University of Manchester (2006).
105. Matteo Rizzo, 'Being taken for a ride: Privatisation of the Dar es Salaam transport system 1983-1998', Journal of Modern African Studies 40:1 (2002), pp. 133-157.
106. Max Mmuya, Tanzania: Political reform in eclipse (Dar es Salaam, 1998), pp. 149-151.
107. TEMCO, The 1995 General Election in Tanzania (Dar es Salaam, 1997), p. 320.
108. T.L. Maliyamkono, Tanzania on the move (Dar es Salaam, 1997), pp. 12-19;
109. C.K. Omari, The Right to choose a leader (Dar es Salaam, 1997), pp. 51, 59;
110. Aki Stavrou and Jennifer O'Riordan, Victimisation in Tanzania: Surveys of crime in Arusha, Dar es Salaam and Mtwara (Pretoria, 2004).
111. Ronald Aminzade, 'From race to citizenship: the indigenization debate in postsocialist Tanzania', Comparative Studies in International Development 38:1 (2003), pp. 43-63.
112. Nestor N. Luanda, 'Christianity and Islam contending for the throne on the Tanzanian mainland', in Adebayo Olukoshi & Liisa Laakso (eds.), Challenges to the Nation-State in Africa (Uppsala, 1996), pp. 168-182.
113. Marc Sommers, Fear in Bongoland: Burundi Refugees in Urban Tanzania (New York, 2001), pp. 155-180.
114. 'Attacks on the Press 2002', Committee to Protect Journalists, hosted at http://www.cpj.org/attacks02/africa02/tanzania.html, 20 May 2006;
115. Alex Perullo, '"The Life That I Live": Popular Music, Agency and Urban Society in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania', Ph.D. Thesis, Indiana University, 2003, pp. 178-193;
116. James R. Brennan, 'Democratizing Cinema and Censorship in Tanzania, 1920-1980', International Journal of African Historical Studies 36:2 (2005), pp. 481-511.
117. Joe L. P. Lugalla, 'Economic reforms and health conditions of the urban poor in Tanzania', African Studies Quarterly 2:1 (1997).
118. Valérie Messer, 'L'adduction de l'eau: Défaillances institutionnelles et réponses citadines: vers une nouvelle urbanite?', in Bernard Calas, De Dar es Salaam à Bongoland (Nairobi/Paris, 2006), pp. 265-95;
119. Marianne Kjellen, 'Complementary water systems in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: the case of water vending', Water Resources Development, 16:1 (2000), pp. 143-54.
120. 'TANZANIA: Energy and water strain economy' (by James R. Brennan), Oxford Analytica, 1 May 2006.
121. Kironde, 'The evolution of land use structure', pp. 443-4.